Frankliniella occidentalis, Pergande, 1895

Cavalleri, Adriano & Mound, Laurence A., 2012, Toward the identification of Frankliniella species in Brazil (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), Zootaxa 3270, pp. 1-30 : 11

occidentalis (Pergande, 1895)

( Figs 13, 14 , 36 , 72 , 81, 85 , 101 , 137 , 163 )

Described originally from western USA in the genus Euthrips , this species is a major economic pest and tospovirus vector that is now found worldwide ( Kirk & Terry 2003). It varies in colour from almost uniformly brown to yellow, possibly dependent to some extent on the temperature at which it pupates. However, the most common form on crops is largely yellow with distinctive light brown markings medially on each abdominal tergite. Large numbers of the dark form were studied from southern highlands in Rio Grande do Sul. This pest, the Western Flower Thrips, has been demonstrated recently to comprise at least two structurally identical sibling species ( Rugman-Jones et al., 2010).

Figures

FIGURES 13 – 21. Females of Frankliniella spp. (13) F. occidentalis (dark form); (14) F. occidentalis (bicoloured form); (15) F. parvula; (16) F. schultzei (yellow form); (17) F. schultzei (dark form); (18) F. serrata; (19) F. trinidadensis; (20) F. v a r i p e s; (21) F. williamsi.

FIGURES 31 – 42. Head and pronotum of Frankliniella spp. (31) F. graminis sp. n.; (32) F. g e m i n a; (33) F. hemerocallis; (34) F. insularis; (35) F. nakaharai; (36) F. occidentalis; (37) F. peruviana; (38) F. p l a t e n s i s; (39) F. serrata; (40) F. s i m p l e x; (41) F. varipes; (42) F. williamsi.

FIGURES 65 – 76. Meso & metanotum of Frankliniella spp. (65) F. g a rd e n i a e; (66) F. g e m i n a; (67) F. hemerocallis; (68) F. insularis; (69) F. k o n o i; (70) F. musaeperda; (71) F. n a k a h a r a i; (72) F. occidentalis; (73) F. p l a t e n s i s; (74) F. schultzei; (75) F. simplex; (76) F. trinidadensis.

FIGURES 77 – 86. Abdomen of Frankliniella spp. (77) female sternite II of F. australis (arrows indicate pore plates); female abdominal tergites 78 – 82: (78) F. b i c o l o r; (79) F. brunnea; (80) F. frumenti; (81) F. occidentalis; (82) F. trinidadensis; male abdominal sternites 83 – 86: (83) F. australis; (84) F. insularis; (85) F. occidentalis; (86) F. williamsi (arrow indicates discal setae on sternite II).

FIGURES 99 – 109. Abdominal tergites of Frankliniella spp. (99) F. musaeperda; (100) F. n ak a ha r ai; (101) F. occidentalis; (102) F. oxyura; (103) F. peruviana; (104) F. schultzei; (105) F. p l a t e n s i s; (106) F. serrata; (107) F. s i m p l e x; (108) F. v a r i p e s; (109) F. graminis sp. n. (lateral view of tergites IV – V).

FIGURES 133 – 154. Antenna of Frankliniella spp. (133) F. insularis; (134) F. m i n u t a; (135) F. musaeperda; (136) F. nakaharai; (137) F. occidentalis; (138) F. parvula; (139) F. peruviana; (140) F. p l a t e n s i s; (141) F. schultzei; (142) F. serrata; (143) F. simplex; (144) F. trinidadensis; (145) F. v a r i pe s; (146) F. williamsi; (147) F. zucchini; antennal segment III (arrow indicate pedicel) 148 – 154: (148) F. brevicaulis (arrow indicates the cup-shaped pedicel); (149) F. c a s e a r i a e; (150) F. condei; (151) F. gardeniae; (152) F. musaeperda; (153) F. parvula (arrow indicates the elongated pedicel); (154) F. tritici.

FIGURES 155 – 164. Fore wings of Frankliniella spp. (155) F. annulipes; (156) F. australis; (157) F. brevicaulis; (158) F. c a s e - ariae; (159) F. fuscicornis; (160) F. gemina; (161) F. m i n u t a; (162) F. n a k a h a r a i; (163) F. occidentalis; (164) F. p e r u v i a n a.