Frankliniella

Cavalleri, Adriano & Mound, Laurence A., 2012, Toward the identification of Frankliniella species in Brazil (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), Zootaxa 3270, pp. 1-30 : 3-5

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.246160
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172277
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/576387B4-FFF4-7919-FF5C-FF75FA31FE48
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Frankliniella
status

Treatment

Key to females of Frankliniella View in CoL species recorded from Brazil

(excluding fusca, difficilis and minor q.v.)

1. Abdomen mainly yellow but with segments VIII–X sharply dark brown; abdominal tergites V–VII with brown markings medially ( Fig. 78 View FIGURES 77 – 86 )................................................................................ bicolor

-. Abdomen variable, either yellow, brown or with median tergites bicoloured, but never with segments VIII–X sharply darker than basal abdominal segments ( Figs 1–6 View FIGURES 1 – 6 ).................................................................. 2

2. Head with ocellar setae pair I absent; pronotum with only 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae...................... speciosa View in CoL

-. Head with ocellar setae I present; prono tum with 5 (rarely 3) pairs of posteromarginal setae ( Figs 22–30 View FIGURES 22 – 30 )............... 3

3. Abdomen largely brown ( Figs 13, 17–18 View FIGURES 13 – 21 ).................................................................. 4

-. Abdomen largely yellow, sometimes tergite X darker or tergites with brown areas medially ( Figs 3 View FIGURES 1 – 6 , 8 View FIGURES 7 – 12 , 14 View FIGURES 13 – 21 ).............. 29

4. Ocellar setae pair III short, scarcely 1.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus; pronotal am and aa setae usually much less than 0.5 as long as pronotal pa setae ( Figs 24, 27 View FIGURES 22 – 30 )............................................................ 5

-. Ocellar setae pair III long, usually at least 2.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus; pronotal am and aa setae usually about 0.7 as long as pa setae ( Figs 36–38 View FIGURES 31 – 42 )...................................................................... 11

5. Mid and hind tibiae uniformly dark brown ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 7 – 12 ).......................................................... 6

-. Mid and hind tibiae with pale areas, never uniformly dark brown ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 7 – 12 )........................................ 7

6. Pronotal posteromarginal setae pair IV almost as long as pair II (Fig. 57); metanotal campaniform sensilla absent; ocellar setae pair III just outside ocellar triangle (Fig. 48)........................................................... minuta

-. Pronotal posteromarginal setae pair IV no longer than pairs III and V ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla present; ocellar setae III between anterior margins of posterior ocelli............................................... serrata View in CoL

7. Tergite X 1.4–1.7 times as long as IX ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 99 – 109 )........................................................ oxyura

-. Tergites IX and X subequal in length, or X shorter than IX ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 99 – 109 )............................................. 8

8. Postocular setal pairs I and III both missing; ocellar setae pair III arise between posterior ocelli ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ); thorax paler than abdomen..................................................................................... nakaharai

-. Postocular setae pairs I and III usually both present ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 22 – 30 ); ocellar setae pair III arise anterior to tangent between anterior margins of posterior ocelli; thorax not paler than abdomen..................................................... 9

9. Metanotum with equiangular reticulation medially, campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 65 – 76 )........................ konoi

-. Metanotum with narrow linear reticulation medially, campaniform sensilla present (Fig. 62)......................... 10

10. Pronotal am setae scarcely longer than discal setae; fore wings shaded......................................... curta

-. Pronotal am setae almost twice as long as discal setae; fore wings pale ( Fig. 159 View FIGURES 155 – 164 )........................... fuscicornis

11. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with no comb or with only few short teeth laterally ( Figs 93 View FIGURES 87 – 98 , 104 View FIGURES 99 – 109 )............. 12

-. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with microtrichial comb, sometimes with 2 or 3 teeth missing medially ( Figs 87–92 View FIGURES 87 – 98 )................................................................................................... 13

12. Ocellar setae III arising on anterior margins of ocellar triangle (Fig. 45); hind tibiae almost clear yellow, contrasting with the dark brown hind femora ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 110 – 115 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla present (Fig. 64).................... fulvipes [in part]

-. Ocellar setae pair III arising between posterior ocelli (Fig. 51); hind tibiae not sharply paler than femora; metanotal campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 74 View FIGURES 65 – 76 )........................................................ schultzei View in CoL [in part]

13. Compound eyes with 3 or 4 anterolateral facets much larger than surrounding facets (Fig. 46)........................ 14

-. Compound eyes with all facets subequal in diameter, although some ventral ommatidia may be enlarged (Figs 50–54)..... 15

14. Fore wings uniformly brown; enlarged facets about 2.0 times longer than normal ones (Fig. 46); pm setae pair II more than 3.0 times as long as pair I ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 22 – 30 )................................................................... fulvipennis View in CoL

-. Fore wings largely brown but basal third sharply paler; enlarged facets about 3.0 times longer than normal ones; pm setae pair II scarcely longer than pair I..................................................................... longipennis

15. Antennal segment III pedicel elongate, twice as long as sub-basal ring ( Figs 138 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).............................. parvula View in CoL

-. Antennal segment III pedicel short, less than 1.5 times the diameter of sub-basal ring ( Figs 128 View FIGURES 116 – 132 , 150 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).................. 16

16. Antennal segment III with cup-shaped pedicel ( Fig. 148 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).............................................. brevicaulis

-. Antennal segment III pedicel different.................................................................... 17

17. Hind tibiae mainly yellow but with brown area medially and postocular setae pair I absent............... fulvipes [in part]

-. Hind tibiae usually extensively brown, or sharply bicoloured with basal third sharply yellow ( Figs 112, 114–115 View FIGURES 110 – 115 ); if hind tibiae largelly yellow then postocular setae pair I present (Fig. 44)................................................... 18

18. Postocular setae pairs I and III absent ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ); frequently apterous; male with strongly curved pore plates on sternites III–VIII.............................................................................................. platensis View in CoL

-. Postocular setae pair III present, pair I usually present ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 22 – 30 ); male pore plates different ( Figs 83–86 View FIGURES 77 – 86 )................ 19

19. Abdominal sternite III with pair of small pore plates near antecostal ridge (occasionally one pore plate missing) ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 77 – 86 ) antennal segment VIII unusually long, about 4 times as long as wide ( Fig. 117 View FIGURES 116 – 132 )............................... australis View in CoL

-. Abdominal sternite III with no pore plates; antennal segment VIII less elongate ( Fig. 118 View FIGURES 116 – 132 ).......................... 20

20. Fore wings almost uniform in colour, either dark or pale ( Figs 161–164 View FIGURES 155 – 164 )......................................... 21

-. Fore wings extensively brown but sharply pale basal to the veinal fork ( Figs 155–156 View FIGURES 155 – 164 ).............................. 25

21. Forewing almost uniformly pale or weakly shaded ( Fig. 163 View FIGURES 155 – 164 )................................... occidentalis View in CoL [in part]

-. Forewing almost uniformly brown ( Fig. 164 View FIGURES 155 – 164 )............................................................... 22

22. Pedicel of antennal segment III simple, without a distinct swelling but occasionally slightly dilated near apex ( Figs 143–145 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).................................................................................................... 23

-. Pedicel of antennal segment III with a distinct swelling ( Figs 149–152 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).......................................... 24

23. Metanotum distinctly reticulate anteromedially ( Fig. 75 View FIGURES 65 – 76 ); antennal segment III distinctively paler than IV ( Fig. 143 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ); abdominal tergite IX setae S1 less than 0.7 as long as setae S2............................................. simplex View in CoL

-. Metanotal sculpture weak or absent medially (Fig. 61); antennal segment III concolorous with IV ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 116 – 132 ); abdominal tergite IX setae S1 sub-equal in length to setae S2........................................................... brunnea View in CoL

24. Antennal segment III pedicel with a sharp ring-like swelling ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ); pronotal posteromarginal setae pair II more than 0.5 as long as posteroangular setae (Fig. 55)............................................................... caseariae

-. Swollen pedicel not sharply ring-like ( Fig. 139 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ); pronotal posteromarginal setae pair II about 0.4 as long as posteroangular setae ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 31 – 42 )................................................................................. peruviana View in CoL

25. Hind tibiae sharply bicoloured, brown with basal third sharply yellow ( Fig. 112 View FIGURES 110 – 115 )................................... 26

-. Hind tibiae almost uniformly brown, scarcely paler at apex ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 110 – 115 )........................................... 27

26. Mid-tibiae brown with base briefly yellow ( Fig. 110 View FIGURES 110 – 115 ).................................................. annulipes View in CoL

-. Mid-tibiae almost clear yellow, sometimes with brown markings medially ( Fig. 111 View FIGURES 110 – 115 )........................... varipes View in CoL

27. Postocular setae pair IV small, no longer than the diameter of a posterior ocellus ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 67 View FIGURES 65 – 76 ).............................................................................. hemerocallis View in CoL

-. Postocular setae pair IV prominent, at least 1.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus (Fig. 52); metanotal campaniform sensilla present ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 65 – 76 )............................................................................... 28

28. Abdominal tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb complete, all microtrichia equally long and slender; fore tibiae concolorous with fore femora; postocular setae pair I absent and pair IV as long as width of a compound eye; pronotal am setae 1.3 times as long as distance between compound eyes (Fig. 52)...................................................... setipes

-. Abdominal tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb often with 2 or 3 teeth missing medially, microtrichia irregular in form with broad bases ( Fig. 98 View FIGURES 87 – 98 ); fore tibiae sharply paler than fore femora ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ); postocular setae pair I present and pair IV shorter than width of a compound eye; pronotal am setae scarcely 1.0 times as long as distance between compound eyes.... insularis View in CoL

29. Apterous or micropterous; abdominal tergites with 4 pairs of long and equidistant setae in addition to the posteroangular pair ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 77 – 86 )................................................................................... trinidadensis

-. Macropterous; median pairs of tergal setae much shorter than lateral pairs........................................ 30

30. Pedicel of antennal segment III with distinct swelling or disc ( Fig. 154 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).......................................... 31

-. Pedicel of antennal segment III without a swelling.......................................................... 34

31. Tergite VIII with comb present only laterally............................................................ tritici View in CoL

-. Tergite VIII with complete comb of long microtrichia ( Fig. 94 View FIGURES 87 – 98 )................................................ 32

32. Abdomen mainly yellow but with segments X and posterior margin of IX dark brown; antennal segment II mostly dark brown ( Fig. 122 View FIGURES 116 – 132 )........................................................................................ condei

-. Abdomen uniformly yellow ( Fig. 80 View FIGURES 77 – 86 ); antennal segment II paler................................................ 33

33. Antennal segment III pedicel with ring about 2.0 times as wide as basal stem; pedicel immediately above this ring smoothly concave ( Fig. 152 View FIGURES 133 – 154 )............................................................................ musaeperda View in CoL

-. Antennal segment III pedicel with ring scarcely 1.5 times as wide as basal stem; pedicel immediately above this ring irregularly concave with minute tubercle ( Fig. 151 View FIGURES 133 – 154 ).................................................... gardeniae

34. Pronotal aa (and usually am) setae scarcely longer than discal setae ( Figs 24 View FIGURES 22 – 30 , 31 View FIGURES 31 – 42 ).................................. 35

-. Pronotal aa and am setae clearly distinct from discal setae, at least 0.3 as long as pa setae............................ 37

35. Abdomen largely yellow but tergite X brown in apical 2/3 ( Fig. 96 View FIGURES 87 – 98 ); ocellar setae III more than 2.5 times as long as width of an ocellus; metanotal campaniform sensilla absent................................................... graminis View in CoL sp.n.

-. Abdomen colour different, tergites usually uniformly yellow or with brown markings medially; ocellar setae III length less than 1.5 times width of an ocellus; metanotal campaniform sensilla present....................................... 36

36. Antennal segment VI pedicellate ( Fig. 124 View FIGURES 116 – 132 ); pronotal inner pa setae distinctively shorter than outer pair........... desantisi

-. Antennal segment VI not pedicellate, base rounded; pronotal inner pa setae longer than outer pair................. bertelsi

37. Ocellar setae pair III arising between posterior ocelli (Fig. 51); tergite VIII with no posteromarginal comb of microtrichia, sometimes with few scarcely developed teeth laterally ( Fig. 104 View FIGURES 99 – 109 );.................................. schultzei View in CoL [in part]

-. Ocellar setae III usually further forward (Fig. 54); tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb well-developed, at least laterally ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 87 – 98 )............................................................................................ 38

38. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VIII with only few weak lobes medially but with some lateral microtrichia; campaniform sensilla on metanotum absent; postocular setae pair I usually absent; head distinctly prolonged in front of eyes...... bondari View in CoL

-. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VIII fully developed; if postocular setae pair I absent then metanotal campaniform sensilla present; head sometimes weakly prolonged in front of eyes................................................... 39

39. Ocellar setae III about 1.5 times as long as width of an ocellus; pronotal am setae scarcely 0.5 times as long as aa setae................................................................................................. distinguenda

-. Ocellar setae III more than 2.0 times as long as width of an ocellus; pronotal am setae longer, usually more than 0.7 times as long as aa setae...................................................................................... 40

40. Abdominal sternite II with 1 or 2 discal setae ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 77 – 86 )....................................................... 41

-. Abdominal sternite II with no discal setae................................................................. 42

41. Abdominal tergite IX setae S1 more than 110 microns long; S2 more than 130 microns long; usually associated with grasses.............................................................................................. williamsi View in CoL

-. Abdominal tergite IX S1 and S2 setae shorter, usually less than 100 microns long; associated with various dicotyledonous flowers...................................................................................... gossypiana View in CoL

42. Abdominal tergites usually with brown area medially ( Fig. 14 View FIGURES 13 – 21 ); tergite VIII posteromarginal comb with microtrichia irregular,

arising from triangular bases ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 99 – 109 ); po setae pair IV longer than distance between hind ocelli ( Fig. 36 View FIGURES 31 – 42 )................................................................................................... occidentalis View in CoL [in part] -. Abdominal tergites clear yellow; tergite VIII posteromarginal comb with slender microtrichia of uniform length ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 87 – 98 ); po setae pair IV shorter than distance between hind ocelli ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 31 – 42 )................................................ 43

43. Antennal segment VIII about 3.0 times as long as wide ( Fig. 126 View FIGURES 116 – 132 ); head slightly prolonged in front of eyes ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 22 – 30 ); associated with grasses.................................................................................... frumenti View in CoL

-. Antennal segment VIII not more than 2.5 times as long as wide; head not prolonged in front of eyes; associated with dicotyledonous plants................................................................................. 44

44. Postocular setae pair I present ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 31 – 42 )............................................................... gemina View in CoL

-. Postocular setae pair I absent (Fig. 54)............................................................... zucchini