Ipomoea quamoclit

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

312. Ipomoea quamoclit L., Sp. Pl., 1: 159. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 159)

Convolvulus pennatifolius Salisb. , Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 124. 1796. (Salisbury 1796: 124), nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Convolvulus quamoclit (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 591. 1825 [pub. 1824]. (Sprengel 1824: 591).

Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy , Mem. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 52 [434]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 52 [434]). Type. Based on Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Ipomoea cyamoclita St. -Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7 (1): 128. 1880, (Saint-Lager 1880: 128), nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 22. 1898. (Britton and Brown 1898: 22). (Saint-Lager 1880: 128).

Convolvulus pinnatus Desr. in Lamarck, Encycl. , 3: 567. 1789 [pub.1792]. (Desrousseaux 1792 567). Type. Cultivated plant from East Indies (lectotype P00357495, designated here).

Quamoclit pinnata (Desr.) Bojer, Hort. Maurit. 224.1837. (Bojer 1837: 224).

Ipomoea erecta Michx, J. Hist. Nat. 1: 410. 1792. (Michaux 1792: 410). Type. UNITED STATES. Florida. Sine col. (whereabouts unknown).

Quamoclit vulgaris var. albiflora G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 260. 1838. (Don 1838: 260). Type. No type specified.

Type.

INDIA. Herb. Clifford 66, Ipomoea 1 (BM000558077), designated by Biju 2003: 755).

Description.

Twining annual herb, plant completely glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, often bearing pseudo-stipules, 1-7(-9) × 0.8-7 cm, ovate-elliptic in outline, deeply pinnatifid to the main vein, the segments linear, acute, mostly 8-15 pairs; petioles 0.5-3(-4.5) cm. Inflorescence of 1(-5)-flowered axillary, pedunculate cymes; peduncles 1-5 (-14) cm; bracteoles elliptic, c. 1 mm long; pedicels 8-20 mm, swollen upwards; sepals slightly unequal, oblong-elliptic, obtuse and very shortly mucronate, the mucro <1 mm long, margins scarious, the outer 4-6 × 2-3 mm, the inner c. 1 mm longer; corolla usually metallic red, hypocrateriform, the tube 2-3 cm long, widened upwards, the limb c. 2 cm diam., deeply lobed with acute lobes; stamens exserted. Capsules ovoid, 7-9 mm long, rostrate, glabrous; seeds c. 5 mm, hirsute with hairs in patches.

Illustration.

Figure 136C ; Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 176); Austin (1998: 404); Bosser and Heine (2000: 29); Deroin (2001: 239).

Distribution.

Widely cultivated and sometimes naturalised throughout the tropics. Most records cited below are of cultivated plants, but it is occasionally naturalised around villages particularly in the humid lowlands. It seems to be most common in the Amazon region, especially in Loreto (Peru) and Amazonas, Para and Mato Grosso in Brazil. It is of an uncertain New World origin but might come from the Amazon region given the existence of apparently natural populations in this region.

URUGUAY. fide O’Donell (1959a: 365).

ARGENTINA. T.M. Pedersen 5335 (S). Misiones: G.J. Schwarz 2200 (LIL). Salta: C. O’Donell 2592 (LIL). Tucumán: S. Venturi 322 (LIL).

PARAGUAY. Amambay: J. Solomon et al. 6989 (MO).

BRAZIL. Acre: C.A. Cid Ferreira & A. Souza 3010 (NY). Amazonas: Lago Tefé, T.C. Plowman et al. 12571 (MO, NY). Bahia: Blanchet s.n. [1831] (BM, NY). Goiás: D. Philcox & Ferreira 4447 (K, MO, S). Mato Grosso: B. Dubs 2024 (E, NY, S, Z). Mato Grosso do Sul: E.P. Heringer et al. 944 (MO, NY). Minas Gerais: G. Prance et al. 14367 (MO, NY, S). Pará: Conceição do Araguaia, T.C. Plowman 8762 (MO, NY). Paraíba: L.A. Pereira & E. Chagas 241 (NY). Paraná: P. Dusen 11430 (GH, S). Rio de Janeiro: Gardner s.n. [1837] (BM). Rondônia: M.G. da Silva 450 (NY). Santa Catarina: A.C. Cervi 6120 (NY). Tocantins: M.G. da Silva 3594 (NY).

FRENCH GUIANA. P. Sagot 369 (BM, S).

SURINAM. W.R. Hostman 645 (MO, S).

GUYANA. A.S. Hitchcock 17367 (NY, S).

BOLIVIA. Beni: J. Balderrama 361 (NY, LPB, USZ). Cochabamba: T.J. Killeen et al. 3498 (ARIZ, BOLV, LPB, MO, USZ). La Paz: O. Buchtien 1478 (US). Pando: Suárez, Porvenir, F. Fernández Casas & A. Susanna 8352 (LPB, MA, MO, NY). Santa Cruz: Santa Rosa de la Roca, J.R.I. Wood et al . 27793 (K, LPB, USZ).

PERU. Cajamarca: J. Campos et al. 4111 (MO, OXF, USM). Cusco: C. Vargas 2481 (CUZ, LIL, MO). Junín: J. Soukup 2843 (F). Loreto: Balsapuerto, G. Klug 3115 (BM, F, S); R. Ferreyra 3351 (LIL, MO); Maynas, Iquitos, R. Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 16704 (MO, OXF). Madre de Dios: P. Nuñez & P. Monice 5364 (MO). Ucayali: J. Schunke & J. Graham 15099 (MO, USM).

ECUADOR. Guayas: I. Holmgren 115 (S). Los Ríos: C. Dodson et al. 13754 (MO); B. Ståhl & J. Knusen 1289 (GB). Napo: L.B. Holm-Nielsen et al. 19773 (AAH, MO). Sucumbíos: E. Freire et al. 2879 (MO).

COLOMBIA. Amazonas: J. Duque 2466 (COL). Antioquia: F.J. Roldán et al. 571 (MO). Chocó: H. León 551 (COL, MO). Magdalena: H.H. Smith 1586 (COL, MO). Meta: R. Jaramillo 310 (COL); H. Humbert 27177 (COL, P). Putumayo: G. Klug 1646 (F, MO, S). Valle: Gorgona Island, J. Aguirre et al. 300 (BM, MA).

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: A. Gentry & P.E. Berry 14614 (MO). Anzoátegui: A. Fernández 13709 (USM). Bolívar: L. Williams 11225 (VEN). Carabobo: H. Pittier 8179 (VEN); Guárico: R. Rondeau 358 (MO). Nueva Esparta: Margarita Island, O.O. Miller & J.R. Johnston 76 (BM, F, NY).

PANAMA. R.E. Woodson & R.W. Scherry 825 (MO).

COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, Puerto Quepos, Khan et al. 426 (BM); Puntarenas, A. Molina 27407 (BM).

NICARAGUA. P.N. Volcán Masaya, D. Neill 2899 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. Olancho, Catacamas, M. Chorley 221 (BM, MO).

EL SALVADOR. J.M. Tucker 510 (K).

BELIZE. Forest Home, W.A. Schipp 1055 (BM, K, S), P.H. Gentle 3017 (K).

GUATEMALA. Petén, R. Tun Ortíz 1487 (BM); P.C. Standley 23960 (S), 64033 (F).

MEXICO. Campeche: E.F. & H. Cabrera 14537 (MEXU). Chiapas: E. Martínez & R. Lombera 26193 (K); A. Reyes Garcia & M. Sousa 2059 (BM). Chihuahua: H.S. Gentry 2434 (K, S). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Temascaltepec, Luvianos, G.B. Hinton 5022 (BM, K). Guerrero: G.B. Hinton 10848 (K). Jalisco: E.J. Lott 734 (MO). Michoacán: F.R. Barrie & M. Luckow 1528 (NY). Narayit: Y. Mexia 972 (BM). Oaxaca: Ghiesbrecht s.n. (K). Sinaloa: Maztlan, A. Carter & L. Kellogg 3646 (BM, UC). Sonora: H.S. Gentry 1059 (S). Tabasco: N. del Rivero 7 (MO). Veracruz: Comaltepec, G. Martínez Calderón 1174 (BM). Yucatán: G.F. Gaumer 1263 (F).

UNITED STATES. Alabama: J.R. MacDonald 10868 (IBE). Florida: A.H. Curtiss 2155 (BM, K, S). Georgia: J.B. Walker & C.R. Annable 1066 (NY), 6009 (K). Mississippi: K. Rogers 3868 (IBE). Missouri: B. Summers 9961 (MO). New Jersey: H. Moldenke 2656 (FSU). South Carolina: Leonard & Radford 1942 (S).

BAHAMAS. J.E. Eckenwalder 1625 (NY).

CUBA. López Figuieras 684 (HAJB). Cienfuegos: Soledad, A. González 101 (BM, NY). Isla de Juventud [Pinos]: E.L. Ekman 11963 (S). La Habana: H. van Hermann 1125 (NY).

CAYMAN ISLANDS. G.R. Proctor 29367 (BM).

JAMAICA. W. Harris 6985 (BM); G.R. Proctor 27666 (BM); T.G. Yuncker 18138 (NY)

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H9155 (S)

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. E.J. Valeur 719 (BM, C, F, K, S); Samaná, E.L. Ekman H15367 (K, NY, S); H.A. Allard 13215 (MO).

PUERTO RICO. P. Sintenis 4946 (K); F.S. Axelrod & A. Comas 7490 (MO, NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. US Virgin Islands: St Croix, A.E. Ricksecker 26 (MO, NY). Netherlands Antilles: St Eustatius fide Axelrod (2017). St Kitts: fide Powell (1979). Antigua: H.E. Box 1046 (BM). Montserrat: J.A. Shafer s.n. [7/1/1907] (NY). Martinique: Williams 32 (BM); A. Duss 1887 (MO, NY). Dominica: C. Whitefoord 4035 (BM). Guadeloupe: A. Duss 2473 (NY). St Lucia: fide Powell (1979). St Vincent: L. Guilding s.n. (K). Grenada: fide Powell (1979). Barbados: E.G.B. Gooding 188.

TRINIDAD. Dale s.n. (K). Tobago: G.S. Meyer 32 (K).

HAWAII. Maui, H. St John 24741 (K).

Note.

A unique species because of its pinnate leaves. The pseudo-stipules and vermilion flowers are also unusual.

Typification.

In designating a lectotype for Convolvulus pinnatus we have chosen the most complete of the two specimens in the Lamarck herbarium.

Figures

Figure 136. Photographs of Ipomoea species A I. retropilosa subsp. cundinamarcana B I. lobata C I. quamoclit D I. hederifolia. A Jhon Infante-Betancourt B Alamy Ltd. C Ramona Oviedo D Amed Pupo.