Cebus yuracus (Hershkovitz, 1949)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.6628559 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628257 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/560F8786-B734-2846-0800-FE3F3E6FF4DB |
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treatment provided by |
Jonas |
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scientific name |
Cebus yuracus |
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Maranon White-fronted Capuchin
French: Sapajou du Maranon / German: Maranon-Kapuzineraffe / Spanish: Capuchino del Maranon
Other common names: Peruvian White-fronted Capuchin
Taxonomy. Cebus albifrons yuracus Hershkovitz, 1949 View in CoL ,
Montalvo, a site on the left bank of Rio Bobanaza, c.45 km above its junction with the Rio Pastaza, an affluent of the Maranon, eastern Ecuador, elevation ¢.500 m.
C. P. Groves in 2001 considered this form to be a junior synonym of C. cuscinus . Monotypic.
Distribution. S Colombia, E Ecuador, NE Peru (N of the Rio Amazonas to the Rio Putumayo, and W of the Rio Ucayali, S as far the Rio Pachitea), and presumably E Brazil (between the rios Ica and Amazonas). View Figure
Descriptive notes. Head—body 43 cm (males) and 37 cm (females), tail 47 cm (males) and 45 cm (females); weight 2.4-7 kg. The Maranon White-fronted Capuchin is grayfronted on the forehead, sides of the face, chest, and outer sides of the arms. It is similar to Spix’s White-fronted Capuchin ( C. unicolor ), but its general color is ocherous brown, sharply contrasting with grayish or buffy on the outer side of forelimbs; flanks are paler. Underparts are pale silvery to pale ocherous orange. The cap is dark to very dark brown (bistre), and the tail is brown like the back, paler toward the tip.
Habitat. Wet lowland terra firma and seasonally inundated forests in the upper Amazon Basin, extending to montane forests on western slopes of the Andes at elevations up to 2000 m. At Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador, where Maranon White-fronted Capuchins have been studied, annual rainfall is as high as 3274 mm, with an average of 273 mm/month. Seasonality is not marked, and no month has less than 100 mm ofrain. Nevertheless, there is a relatively dry season in July-November, and fruit abundance is lowest in May-December and highest inJanuary-April. Maranon White-fronted Capuchins usually occupy middle to upper canopies but sometimes forage on the ground.
Food and Feeding. Diet of Maranon White-fronted Capuchins includes fruits, flowers, seeds, insects and other arthropods, bird eggs, and small vertebrates. In a study at Tiputini by L. Matthews a group spent ¢.10% of their day feeding on fruits and 54% foraging for animal prey.
Breeding. Births of Maranon White-fronted Capuchins have been recorded in September-March in Peru and in November—January at Tiputini.
Activity patterns. During a one-year study of a group of Maranon White-fronted Capuchins at Tiputini, the daily activity budget was foraging for animal prey 54%, traveling 25%, feeding on fruit 10%, resting 5%, and social and other activities 6%. They slept in the upper canopy along branches covered by lianas or between fronds of Scheelea or Mauritia palms ( Arecaceae ).
Movements, Home range and Social organization. In Ecuador, groups of Maranon White-fronted Capuchins contain 5-35 individuals, with several adult males and females. A group studied on the north bank of the Rio Tiputini had one adult male, two adult females, one subadult female, two juveniles, and two infants. The group’s home range was 240 ha, and it overlapped extensively with other groups. When groups encounter each other (on average one encounter about every four days), females and juveniles flee. Males give loud, high-pitched “yah” calls, also referred to as screams, and encounters are always aggressive, on occasion involving fights among males of the different groups. Individuals also utter loud “yah” calls when they are separated from their group. Maranon White-fronted Capuchins form mixed-species groups with Ecuadorian Squirrel Monkeys ( Saimiri macrodon ).
Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. The Maranon White-fronted Capuchin has not been assessed on The IUCN Red List, but it is considered near threatened in Ecuador and vulnerable in Peru. In both countries,it is heavily hunted and is extirpated rapidly around human settlements. It can otherwise be found in high numbers in, for example, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve in Peru. It is also protected in Sangay, Sumaco Napo-Galeras, and Yasuni national parks, Cayambe-Coca and Cofan-Bermejo ecological reserves, and Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve in Ecuador.
Bibliography. Aquino & Encarnacion (1994b), Freese & Oppenheimer (1981), Hershkovitz (1949), Matthews (2009), Tirira (2007).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
