Cebus capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.6628559 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628287 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/560F8786-B733-2841-0DC2-FE83351FF5CF |
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treatment provided by |
Jonas |
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scientific name |
Cebus capucinus |
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Colombian White-faced Capuchin
French: Sapajou capucin / German: \Weifl3schulter-Kapuzineraffe / Spanish: Capuchino de cara blanca de Colombia
Other common names: \White-headed Capuchin, White-throated Capuchin; Colombian White-faced Capuchin (capucinus), Gorgona White-faced / White-throated Capuchin (curtus)
Taxonomy. Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758 ,
Colombia. Restricted by E. A. Goldman in 1914 to northern Colombia.
Intermediates between C. capucinus and C. albifrons occur in the middle San Jorge Valley, lower Rio Cauca, Colombia. Two subspecies recognized.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.c.capucinusLinnaeus,1758—EPanama,WColombia(Pacificcoastalregion),andNWEcuador(SasfarastheRioEs- meraldas-Guayllabamba).
C. c. curtus Bangs, 1905 — Gorgona I, Colombia. View Figure
Descriptive notes. Head-body 33-45 cm, tail 35-55 cm; weight 3-4 kg (males) and 1.5-3 kg (females). Male Colombian White-faced Capuchins are ¢.27% larger than females. They are relatively slender in build. The body, crown, limbs, and tail are black. The chest is white, extending forward to the face and front of the crown and upward to the shoulders and upper arms. The hairs on the cap form a distinctive black “V” shape. Longer forehead and crown hairs on older individuals may form a ruff, and the white area on the forehead tends to become thinly haired or even somewhat bald with age. The “Colombian White-faced Capuchin” (C. ¢. capucinus ) is black with white or yellowish-white on the face, front of the crown, throat, and shoulders. The “Gorgona Whitefaced Capuchin” (C. ¢. curtus) is a small and relatively short-tailed insular subspecies.
Habitat. Variety of habitats, preferring terra firma primary forest or older secondary forest, but also occurs in seasonally inundated forests, remnant degraded forest patches with Scheelea magdalenica palms (food and sleeping sites), mangroves, and deciduous dry forest in both lowland and montane areas. On the western slopes of the Andes, Colombian White-faced Capuchins occur up to elevations of 1800-2100 m. They prefer the canopy but use all levels of the forest, and go to the ground.
Food and Feeding. The Colombian White-faced Capuchin eats mainly ripe fruits and insects, but also leaves, flowers, and bird eggs. The Gorgona White-faced Capuchin eats oysters, which they open by banging them with stones. They catch and eat crabs at low tide and raid corn crops.
Breeding. Female Colombian White-faced Capuchins give birth to a single young every two years. Gestation is 157-167 days. Births may occur at any time of the year but reach a peak in December—April. They have been known to live over 40 years.
Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. Group sizes of Colombian Whitefaced Capuchins are 6-24 individuals. There have been no studies in the wild, and the large majority of what is known about white-headed capuchins comes from studies of populations in Central America. Until recently, these were considered to be synonymous with the Colombian White-faced Capuchin, but they are now classified as the Panamanian White-faced Capuchin ( C. imitator ). There is no doubt, however, that ecological and behavioral aspects of the Colombian White-faced Capuchin will be broadly similar to, or the same as, those of the well-known Panamanian White-faced Capuchin.
Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List, with the Gorgona White-faced Capuchin classified as Vulnerable. The Colombian White-faced Capuchin is hunted and trapped in some areas as a crop pest. Many populations are threatened by deforestation. The nominate subspecies, the Colombian White-headed Capuchin, occurs in Chagres, Darién, and Portobelo national parks in Panama, Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and Los Cedros Protected Forest in Ecuador, and Ensenada de Utria, Farallones de Cali, and Los Katios national natural parks in Colombia. The Gorgona White-faced Capuchin occurs in Gorgona National Natural Park.
Bibliography. Boubli et al. (2012), Defler (2003b, 2004), Freese & Oppenheimer (1981), Hernandez-Camacho & Cooper (1976), Hill (1960), Jack (2011), Ruiz-Garcia, Castillo et al. (2010), Rylands et al. (2006), Tirira (2007).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
