Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu, 2023

Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun & Qiao, Ge-Xia, 2023, Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records, ZooKeys 1169, pp. 235-292 : 235

Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu sp. nov.

Figs 24 , 25 , 26 , 36

Types examined.

Holotype: one ap. viv. fem., China: Hubei (Xingdou Mountain), 4.V.2019, No. 45394-1-1-2, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang. Paratypes: one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956138), with the same collection data as holotype; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei (Yien County), 30.IV.2019, No. 45340-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang; one ala. viv. fem. and one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36855-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei (Xingdou Mountain), 3.V.2019, No. 45372-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956127), Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36853-1-1, on Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk., coll. X.C. Zhu; two ap. viv. fems., Shaanxi (Ningshan County), 10.VI.2018, No. 43306-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. H. Long; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956125), Hubei (Yien County), 2.V.2016, No. 36840-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu (NHMUK); one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36848-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu; one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 5.V.2016, No. 36902-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu.

Diagnosis.

In life, body dorsum of body sclerotized, black and ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink, appendages black distally, other parts pale in color (Fig. 36 ); in mounted specimens body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black, spinal area dark brown and pleuro-marginal area pale brown in color (Fig. 25A ); body dorsum with densely semicircular and circular sculptures (Fig. 25A ); URS long wedge-shaped (Figs 24C , 25D ); abdominal tergites VIII with short cylindrical supra-caudal process (Figs 24F , 25H ); SIPH cylindrical and constricted, curved outward distally (Figs 24G , 25G ).

Description.

Apterous viviparous females: body oval, dorsum of body sclerotized, black and ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink, appendages black distally, other parts pale in life (Fig. 36 ). Nymphs: body pick or orange in color, appendages black distally, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of black spinal and marginal patches, other parts pale in life (Fig. 36B ).

Mounted specimens. Body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black, spinal area dark brown and pleuro-marginal area pale brown in color (Fig. 25A ). Ant. I, II, V, and VI brown, other parts pale brown in color. Legs and SIPH pale brown; cauda and anal plate dark brown in color. Body dorsum covered with densely circular or semicircular sculptures which more developed on spino-pleural areas. See Table 2 for general measurements.

Head. Head dorsum densely covered with wavy sculptures. Frons convex, antennal tubercles slightly prominent, as high as median frontal tubercle (Figs 24A , 25B ). Dorsal setae of head short and pointed. Head with one pair of cephalic setae, one or two pairs of setae at apex of antennal tubercles, one or two pairs of dorsal setae between antennae, two pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 6-segmented (Figs 24B , 25C ), 5-segmented occasionally, Ant. I and II slightly imbricated at inner side, Ant. III-VI with imbrications. Antennal setae short and pointed. Ant. I-VI each with 3-5, 3 or 4, 3-9, 2 or 3, 2-5, 2-4+1 or 2 setae; apex of PT with two or three setae. Primary rhinaria unciliated. Rostrum exceeding mid-coxae; URS long wedge-shaped (Figs 24C , 25D ), with three pairs of primary setae, one pair of accessory setae.

Thorax. Thoracic nota with semicircular and irregular circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal areas with semicircular sculptures which sparser than spino-pleural areas. Pronotum mostly with one pair of small marginal tubercles. Dorsal setae of thorax short and pointed; pronotum with two pairs of spinal setae, arranged anteriorly and posteriorly, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae; mesonotum with 6-11 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae; metanotum with 4-6 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae. Legs normal. Distal part of femora with oval and imbricated sculptures; distal part of tibiae imbricated. Setae on legs short and pointed. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3. Second tarsal segments with imbrications.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I-VI with densely circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas (Figs 24E , 25F ) and sclerotized dark brown, marginal areas with sparsely semicircular sculptures; abdominal tergite VII with circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal and posterior with papillate tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with densely papillate tubercles (Fig. 25I ). Abdominal tergites I-IV mostly each with one pair of small marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with short cylindrical supra-caudal process covered with semicircular sculptures (Fig. 25H ), 0.06-0.07 mm, 1.11-1.43 × basal width. Dorsal setae of abdomen short and pointed; abdominal tergites I-V each with two pairs of spinal setae, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae, tergite VI with one pair of spinal, pleural, and marginal setae respectively, tergite VII with one pair of spinal setae; tergite VIII with two spinal setae at apex of supra-caudal process. Spiracles reniform and open. SIPH cylindrical and constricted at apex, curved outward distally (Figs 24G , 25G ); strongly imbricated, with flange. Cauda conical, blunt, and constricted distally (Figs 24H , 25J ), with spinulose imbrications and five or six setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose (Fig. 24I ), with 9-22 setae. Genital plate broadly round, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and 8-10 setae along the posterior margin.

Alate viviparous females: body long oval; head and thorax black, abdomen pink, abdominal tergites with a quadrate patch in life (Fig. 36C ).

Mounted specimens. Head and thorax black-brown, antennae, legs, distal part of rostrum, SIPH, cauda and anal plate brown, other parts pale in color (Fig. 26A ). See Table 2 for general measurements.

Head. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of head smooth. Frons convex, antennal tubercles slightly prominent, not higher than frontal tubercle. Antennae lost (in this specimen). Rostrum reaching mid-coxae.

Thorax. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of thorax smooth. Legs normal. Fore wings radius bent, media twice branched, two cubitus; hind wings with single long longitudinal vein and two obliques.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I-V each with one pair of marginal sclerites; tergite I with scattered small sclerites at spino-pleural area, tergite II with a brown band at spino-pleural area, tergites III-VI with a brown quadrate sclerite at spino-pleural areas, tergites VII and VIII each with a across brown band (Fig. 26A ). Abdominal tergites with spinulose imbrications at sclerites, others smooth. Abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of small marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with a short warty supra-caudal process and with two long and pointed setae at apex (Fig. 26B ). Cauda conical (Fig. 26C ), with spinulose imbrications and five setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose, with 16 setae. Genital plate broadly round, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and ten setae along the posterior margin. Others as in apterous viviparous females.

Etymology.

The new species is named for its sculptures on the dorsum of body.

Comment.

The species resembles Cavariella nigra in body dorsum sclerotized; URS long wedge-shaped; short supra-caudal process, but differ from it as follows: dorsum of body ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink in color, appendages black distally, other parts pale in life; in nymphs: body pink or orange in color, appendages black distally, other parts pale ( C. nigra : dorsum of body flat, venter of abdomen yellowish white in color; appendages black wholly in life; in nymphs: body yellowish white in color, appendages black wholly in life); body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black in specimens, spinal area of dorsum dark brown and pleuro-marginal ones of dorsum pale brown in color; the SIPH pale brown and same as pleuro-marginal area of dorsum in color ( C. nigra : body dorsum sclerotized and uniformly black in specimens, the SIPH black brown and same as dorsum of body); marginal area of body with semicircular sculptures ( C. nigra : marginal area of body with papillate tubercles).

Biology.

The species feeds on young stems and leaves of Apiaceae ( Torilis , Cryptotaenia ), with ant attendance (Fig. 36 ).

Distribution.

China (Hubei, Shaanxi).

Figures

Figure 24. Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: A dorsal view of head B antenna C ultimate rostral segment D mesosternal furca E spino-pleural sculptures of abdominal tergites I-VI F supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII G siphunculus H cauda I anal plate. Scale bar: 0.10 mm.

Figure 25. Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: A dorsal view of body B dorsal view of head C antenna D ultimate rostral segment E second hind tarsal segment F sculptures of abdominal tergites I-VI G siphunculus H supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII I marginal papillate tubercles of abdominal tergite VIII J cauda. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 26. Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. Alate viviparous female: A dorsal view of body B supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII C cauda. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 36. The ecological habitat photographs of Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu, sp. nov. in field A, B the apterae and nymphs feeding on tender stems of Apiaceae (Torilis scabra) with ant-attendance C one alate, apterae and nymphs feeding on tender stem of Apiaceae (Torilis scabra) D the apterae and nymphs feeding on tender stem of Apiaceae.