Calyculogygas serrana Grings, 2014

Grings, Martin, Boldrini, Ilsi Iob, Knob, Alberto & Bordignon, Sérgio Augusto De Loreto, 2014, A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil, Phytotaxa 178 (1), pp. 43-49 : 43-44

Calyculogygas serrana Grings , sp. nov. ( Figure 1 , 2 , 4 )

Calyculogyganti uruguayensi Krapovickas affinis, sed ab ea epicalice bracteis majoribus, facie externa nervis cum trichomatibus majoribus; facie abaxiali foliis trichomatibus sparsis, non tomentosa, habitu decumbenti vel scandenti, corollis, foliis et pedunculis plerumque majoribus, mericarpiis majoribus differt.

TYPE:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Nova Petrópolis, Linha Imperial, Oppitzeck , 13 September 2013 , M. Grings 1780 (holotype ICN!, isotypes CTES!, MO!, K!) .

Decumbent or scandent shrubs up to 4 m tall; sometimes with roots at the nodes; stems covered in sparse hirsute trichomes 2 mm long. Leaf blades 4.5–13.5 × 3.5–13 cm, triangular, 3–5-lobed, basally truncate or cordate, 5–7- nerved, crenate-dentate, both surfaces with sparse stellate trichomes; stipules falcate-lanceolate 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm with simple trichomes in the margins; petioles 5–7 cm long, with trichomes similar to those of the stems. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, usually facing slightly downwards, peduncle up to 5.5 cm long, densely covered in 0.5 mm stellate trichomes, epicalyx bracts 3, ovate to oval-lanceolate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 cm, covered with bifid trichomes 1 mm long in the main nerves of the external surface, nerves salient and sometimes reddish, margins with bifid and simple trichomes, internal surface tomentose, covered in short trichomes; calyx 1 cm long, with 5 triangular lobes 6 mm long; corolla red-orange, petals 0.9–1.8 × 0.7–1.4 cm; staminal column 3–5 mm, free parts of stamens numerous, styles 11–13; carpels uniovulate. Fruit schizocarpic with 11–13 mericarps 3–3.5 × 3–3.5 mm, dorsally rugose and with salient lines in the lateral faces. Seeds glabrous, reniform.

Calyculogygas serrana can be distinguished from Calyculogygas uruguayensis by characters presented in Table 1 and Figures 1 , 2 and 3 . Furthermore, the geographical distribution of the two species differs ( Figure 4 ). The new species has a very restricted (endemic) range, occurring only in three neighboring municipalities in Serra Geral highland slopes (Brazilian Atlantic Rainforet biome). Conversely, Calyculogygas uruguayensis has a wider distribution, occurring in Uruguay and Brazil, in the latter in Rio Grande do Sul state (Pampa biome and Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Biome), with one collection in Santa Catarina state (Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Biome).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Calyculogygas serrana. A. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. B. Habit. C. Leaf abaxial surface and flower. D. Branch with adaxial surface of leaf, flowers facing downwards. E. Epicalyx with salient veins and with large trichomes. F. Stems with roots at the nodes. G, I. Flower. H. Immature fruit, lobes of calyx were opened. Photographs by Martin Grings.

FIGURE 2. Calyculogygas serrana. A, G. Habit. B. Flowers facing downwards and epicalyx with reddish veins. C, D. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. E. Immature fruit. F. Fruit at maturity. H. Habitat, in southern Brazilian highland slopes of the “Serra Geral” plateau. Photographs by Martin Grings.

FIGURE 3. Calyculogygas uruguayensis. A. Branch with flowers, buds and leaves. B. Flower. C. Branch with flowers, buds and discolorous leaves. D. Epicalyx, calyx and corolla. E. Fruit with persistent calyx and epicalyx. F. Branch with leaves, buds and senescent flowers. G. Epicalyx, calyx and corolla. Photographs by Martin Grings.

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Calyculogygas serrana and Calyculogygas uruguayensis in South America.