Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti (Pfeiffer, 1863)

Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak, 2022, Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia, ZooKeys 1119, pp. 1-115 : 1

Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti (Pfeiffer, 1863)

Figs 6C-E , 8A, B

Hybocystis mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1863b [1862]: 276, pl. 36, fig. 13. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos]. Pfeiffer 1863a: 227, 228, pl. 59, figs 5-8. Nevill 1878: 298, Siam (?). Fischer 1891: 108. Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 432.

Pollicaria mouhoti -Sowerby I 1866: Pupinidae , pl. 1 (pl. 263), Pollicaria and Megalomastoma , sp. 3, fig. 9. Reeve 1878: Pupinidae , pl. 8, sp. 67. Sutcharit et al. 2018: 156, figs 5-11c, 5-12a-g, 5-13a. Inkhavilay et al. 2019: 28, fig. 15a, Thailand, probably in both Cambodia and Laos.

Megalomastoma (Hybocystis) mouhoti - von Martens 1867: 67.

Pollicaria myersii [non Haines]- Habe 1965: 114, 115, pl. 2, fig. 3, Phukae Botanical Garden, Sara Buri [Province], Thailand (limestone region).

Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti - Kongim et al. 2013: 31, 32, figs 2b, 3a-e, 4h, i, 6b. BEDO 2017: 86. Thach 2018: 96 (figure caption), figs 124, 125.

Pollicaria nicoarlingi Thach, 2021: 17, 18, figs 53-55, 57, 58. Type locality: Konsan District, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. Syn. nov.

Type material examined.

Lectotype of Hybocystis mouhoti NHMUK 20130071/1 (Fig. 6C ) and paralectotypes NHMUK 20130071/2-3 (2 shells) from Lao Mountains, Camboja. Holotype of Pollicaria nicoarlingi MNHN-IM-2000-37277 (Fig. 6D ) from Konsan District, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand.

Other material examined.

CUMZ 12166 (5 shells and 5 specimens in ethanol; Figs 6E , 8A ) from Wang Daeng Cave , Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, 17 Mar. 2017 . CUMZ 12175 (3 specimens in ethanol; Fig. 8B ) from Wang Daeng Cave , Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, 8 June 2017 . CUMZ 12176 (6 adult shells and 1 juvenile shell) from Phu Wiang District , Khon Kaen Province, 8 July 1995 . CUMZ 12177 (1 shell) from Phraya Nakkharaj Cave , Chum Phae District, Khon Kaen Province, 21 July 2020 . CUMZ 12178 (8 shells and 4 specimens in ethanol) from Tad Tone Waterfall, Mueang Chaiyaphum District , Chaiyaphum Province, 20 July 2020 . CUMZ 12179 (9 shells) from Pa Mamuang Bureau of Monks , Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, 3 Aug. 2020 . CUMZ 12180 (1 shell) from Tham Phrommalok Temple, Chai Badan District , Lopburi Province, 24 Aug. 2020 . CUMZ 12181 (1 shell) from Tham Badan Temple, Muak Lek District , Saraburi Province, 3 Aug. 2020 .

Diagnosis.

Shell height 35-40 mm. Last whorl and penultimate whorl purple to black; spire and apex distinct yellow to bright orange. Dorsal side of last whorl with bold wrinkles. Aperture round, without apertural groove; apertural lip expanded, bright orange to red. Umbilicus subumbilicate.

Differential diagnosis.

Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti is similar to P. myersii and P. m. monochroma in shell shape, but different from P. myersii by a smaller shell size with purplish shell colour, bright orange spire, expanded bright orange to red apertural lip and bold wrinkles on the dorsal side of last whorl, and different from P. m. monochroma by a larger shell size, yellow to bright orange spire and apex, and a distinct karyotype pattern of (6m+4sm+2st+1t) ( Kongim et al. 2009, 2010, 2013).

Distribution.

Phetchabun Range in central and northeastern Thailand, and probably in both Cambodia and Laos ( Kongim et al. 2013; Inkhavilay et al. 2019).

Remarks.

Pain (1974) treated P. mouhoti as a subjective synonym of P. myersii , whereas Kongim et al. (2013) regarded P. mouhoti as valid because these two species are distinct in several shell characters and karyotype pattern. Thus, the distribution range of P. myersii is restricted to limestone areas of Vientiane to Luang Prabang, Laos, and probably to the northern part of Thailand, whereas P. mouhoti mostly occurs in central and northeastern Thailand ( Kongim et al. 2013).

One differential diagnostic character of P. nicoarlingi is "special sculpture with many large, broad, and deep holes on dorsal side" ( Thach 2021). This character is not unique because all the type specimens and recently collected specimens of P. m. mouhoti have this kind of shell sculpture, although to a different degree. The "special colour" of a very red columellar outer lip and parietal wall, and an orange spire and apex of P. nicoarlingi conform to the type specimens of P. m. mouhoti , although there is variation in the spire and apex colour from dark brown to bright orange. Other differences in shell shape, apertural lip, columella and sculpture of umbilicus between P. nicoarlingi and P. m. mouhoti as stated by Thach (2021) are possibly due to different shell condition and infraspecific variation. Moreover, P. nicoarlingi is described from the same vicinity of P. m. mouhoti specimens examined in this study. Therefore, P. nicoarlingi is regarded herein as a junior subjective synonym of P. m. mouhoti .

Figures

Figure 6. A, B Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma: A juvenile specimen CUMZ 12182 from Tham Suea Lueang Temple, Loei and B paratype CUMZ 1562 from Tam Pha Bing Temple, Loei C-E Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti C lectotype of Hybocystis mouhoti NHMUK 20130071 / 1 from Lao Mountains, Camboja D holotype of ' Pollicaria nicoarlingi ' MNHN-IM- 2000 - 37277, and E specimen CUMZ 12166 from Wang Daeng Cave, Phitsanulok F Pollicaria myersii, holotype of ' Pollicaria huberi ' NHMUK 20180253. Photo: F. Prugnaud, MNHN (D).

Figure 8. Live specimens of A, B Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti: specimens A CUMZ 12166 and B CUMZ 12175 from Wang Daeng Cave, Phitsanulok C Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma, paratype CUMZ 1562 from Tam Pha Bing Temple, Loei D Tortulosa tortuosa, specimen CUMZ 12155 from Tham Suea Temple, Krabi E-H Pupina artata: specimens of E CUMZ 12006 from Pha Daeng Cave, Mae Hong Son F CUMZ 12008 from Tham Nam Pha Pha Ngam Temple, Lampang, and G, H CUMZ 12029 from Khao Tham Raet Temple, Chachoengsao showing the brown (G) and grey (H) shell morphs; All not to scale.