Chiasmocleis quilombola, Tonini, Joao F. R., Forlani, Mauricio C. & de Sa, Rafael O., 2014

Tonini, Joao F. R., Forlani, Mauricio C. & de Sa, Rafael O., 2014, A new species of Chiasmocleis (Microhylidae, Gastrophryninae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo State, Brazil, ZooKeys 428, pp. 109-132 : 113-117

Taxon classification Animalia Anura Microhylidae

Chiasmocleis quilombola sp. n. Figure 4

Holotype.

MZUSP147478, adult male, collected at the Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto (Figure 4A), Municipality of Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo State, Brazil (18°21'19"S, 39°50'39"W), collected on December 8-16, 2009, by L. P. Costa, J. F. R. Tonini, J. Dalapicolla, R. Duda, and C. M. Mattedi.

Paratopotypes.

Males: MZUSP147471-73, MZUSP147475-76, MZUSP147494; female: MZUSP147479 (Figure 4B), Municipality of Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo State, Brazil (18°21'19"S, 39°50'39"W), collected on December 8-16, 2009, by L. P. Costa, J. F. R. Tonini, J. Dalapicolla, R. Duda, and C. M. Mattedi.

Diagnosis.

A small-sized species of Chiasmocleis (males SVL mean= 14 ± 1.4 mm; female SVL = 17.1 mm), diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) body slender; (2) snout rounded in lateral and dorsal views; (3) all fingers slightly fringed, not webbed, in males and female; (4) all toes fringed and slightly webbed in males and female; (5) dermal spines on fingers and toes of males can be present or absent, absent in female; (6) dermal spines on dorsal surface of males can be present or absent, absent in female; (7) dermal spines absent on ventral surface in males and female; (8) dermal spines on chin and snout of males can be present or absent, absent in female; (9) dermal spines over outer surfaces of legs and cloaca in males can be present or absent, absent in female; (10) female has para-cloacal glands; (11) incomplete occipital fold; (12) vocal slits present in males; (13) dorsal coloration brown; (14) medial ventral body surface light cream colored, whereas ventrolateral surfaces have a light brown and cream marbled pattern; (15) ventral surfaces of fore and hind limbs with a homogeneously and finely dark pattern over a cream background; (16) dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs light brown with a few cream spots or blotches, more distinct on the fore limbs; (17) male throat infuscate; (18) mid-dorsal and/or line on posterior surface of thighs may be present; and (19) tympanum indistinct.

Description of holotype.

Body small (SVL = 15.7 mm), slender, slightly ovoid (Figure 5); head triangular in shape, broader than long; snout short, tip of snout rounded (Figure 5 A–B); nostrils located closer to the tip of snout than to eye, not protuberant, directed laterally (Figure 5C); inter-nostril distance smaller than eye–nostril distance and smaller than eye diameter; canthus rostralis slightly defined; loreal region slightly convex; lips not flared; eyes small, slightly protruding; inter-orbital area flat; incomplete occipital fold; tympanum indistinct; upper jaw projecting beyond lower one; tongue large, elongate, and laterally free; premaxillae, maxillae, and vomerine teeth absent; choanae small, rounded, widely separated, positioned anterolaterally to eye; vocal slit present.

Arms slender, lacking tubercles on forearm. Hands not webbed (Figure 5D); fingers tips rounded, not expanded, and slightly fringed; fingers lacking dermal spines; finger lengths I<II<IV<III; thumb without nuptial asperities; subarticular tubercles well developed and rounded, proximal subarticular tubercles larger than others; supernumerary tubercles absent; thenar tubercle well developed, ovoid, and at the base of finger I; two palmar tubercles, a rounded inner tubercle and an elongated outer one (Figure 5D). Legs short, moderately robust; knee and heel lacking tubercles; tibial and tarsal ridges absent. Foot slightly webbed (Figure 5 A–B, E); toes slightly fringed; toe tip rounded lacking disks; subarticular tubercles well developed, ovoid; supernumerary tubercles absent; an oval inner, but no outer, metatarsal tubercle. Toe lengths I<II<V<III<IV; toes lacking dermal spines; tibia length slightly shorter than thigh length; combined thigh and tibia lengths approximately 82.8% of snout-vent length; foot length approximately 43.9% of snout-vent length.

Skin smooth, dorsal surfaces of body lacking dermal spines. Throat black and few dermal spines found on chin and snout (Figure 5B). Cloaca lacks para-cloacal tubercles or glands.

Coloration in preservative.

Dorsum dark brown with a few small cream spots and blotches; dorsal surface of limbs dark brown with cream blotches and small spots, particularly on the proximal forelimb; palm of hands marbled brown and pale cream, foot dark brown; belly surface cream, dorsolateral and ventral surfaces with a marbled pale brown and cream pattern; throat dark brown to black. Ventral surface of thighs light brown with a finely reticulated dark pattern over a cream background cream with a few cream spots more evident close to the edges; ventral surfaces of tibia and tarsus finely marbled in light brown with cream, lighter than the dorsal surface. Absence of distinct lines on the body and limbs.

Measurements of holotype

(in mm). SVL 15.7; HDL 3.4; HDL4 2.3; HL 2.7; HW 4.5; ED 1.3; IOD 2.8; IND 1.1; END 1.2; THL 6.5; TBL 6.4; FL 6.9, FAL 3.2; 3FD 0.3; 4TD 0.4.

Variation in the type series.

Measurements data of the type series are given in Table 2 and information of the comparative material are provided in Appendix 1. Overall, the type series agrees with the holotype coloration; one specimen has a mid-dorsal line and a line on the posterior surface of the thighs and also more dermal spines (MZUSP147475). The incomplete occipital fold varied from indistinct to weakly visible laterally (= incomplete). The combined mean thigh and tibia length represents approximately 81% of mean snout-vent length in males, and 77.7% in females; foot length approximately 41.6% of snout-vent length in males and 39.7% in females.

Etymology.

The specific epithet quilombola refers to people who inhabit quilombo communities. Historically, quilombos were communities constituted by and used as refuges for escaped slaves between 1530 and 1815 during colonial Portuguese rule in Brazil. Nowadays in the north of Espírito Santo Estate quilombola communities still remain and maintain alive their traditions, such as quilombola food and craftwork. This species' name is indeclinable.

Distribution.

Chiasmocleis quilombola sp. n. is known from localities between the Doce River and the Mucuri River, e.g., Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto and Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Municipality of Conceição da Barra; Reserva Biológica Córrego Veado, Municipality of Pinheiros; Reserva Natural, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, and Cocoa plantations in Povoação, Municipality of Linhares (Appendix 2). The populations assigned to Chiasmocleis lacrimae and Chiasmocleis capixaba at northernmost of Espírito Santo State are allocated to the new taxon Chiasmocleis quilombola sp. n. (Figure 1).

Natural history.

Chiasmocleis quilombola sp. n. was collected in pitfall traps after heavy rains at Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto (Figure 6). The lines of pitfalls were installed at the vicinity of a permanent lagoon and a temporary swamp. The Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto has 2,830 ha and an elevation between five to 50 m above the sea level. The soil is typical of coastal areas, mostly sand. The area consists of secondary forested areas and plantations with few remnants of primary Atlantic Forest.