Campiglossa gemma (Hering, 1939)

David, Karamankodu Jacob, Hancock, David Lawrence, Salini, Santhamma, Gracy, Ramasamy Gandhi & Sachin, Kandiyil, 2020, Taxonomic notes on the genus Campiglossa Rondani (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Tephritini) in India, with description of three new species, ZooKeys 977, pp. 75-100 : 75

Campiglossa gemma (Hering, 1939) Figures 32-37

Paroxyna gemma Hering, 1939: 183. Type locality: Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.

Material examined.

10♂♂, 4♀♀, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, HRS Kodaikanal, 01.iv.2012, David K.J.; 1♂, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, 02.iv.2012, Salini S.; 1♂, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Shenbaganur, 02.iv.2014, Veenakumari K.; 2♂♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Dindigul, Thandikudi, 08.xii.2019, Sachin, K., 2♂♂ same data as above except for the collector, K.J. David; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, HRS Kodiakanal, 10.xii. 2019, K.J. David; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, same data as above except K. Sachin, 1 larva in slide (III instar): INDIA: Tamil Nadu, HRS Kodiakanal, 10.xii. 2019, K.J. David, (NBAIR).

Description.

Medium-sized fly (male 3.24-3.92 mm; female 4.49-4.83mm) with grey pollinose body, yellow legs, and reticulate wing pattern. Head slightly higher than long; frons fulvous with two frontal setae, two orbital setae (posterior orbital seta white), postocellar and postvertical seta white, lateral vertical seta white, medial vertical seta black, ocellar seta black longer than frontal and orbital seta. Scutum grey pollinose, with postpronotal lobe and notopleuron pale yellow, and well-developed chaetotaxy; posterior notopleural seta white. Scutellum with two pairs of scutellar setae; apical setae as long as basal setae. Legs fulvous, without any black markings. Wing with reticulate pattern; pterostigma black, without any hyaline spot or marking; apex of cell r2+3 and r4+5 without hyaline spot. Abdomen grey pollinose, without any markings.

Male postabdomen: Epandrium elongate, without clear delineation between epandrium and surstylus; lateral surstylar flange lacking, proctiger hyaline, as high as epandrium. Epandrium and surstyli oval in outline (posterior view), medial surstylus with well-developed prensisetae. Phallus 1.58 mm long, with well sclerotised glans (Fig. 37 ).

Female postabdomen: Oviscape brown (0.98 mm), with a median yellow band; eversible membrane (0.78 mm) with spicules on distal and proximal end an inverted U-shaped; distal spicules smaller compared to proximals; aculeus broad, with two preapical indentions (0.77 mm); spermatheca elongate, tubular, with striations.

DNA barcode.

GenBank accession number MT169785 (1♀, INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal HRS, 3.x.2019, K.J.David).

Third instar larva (Figs 38-40 ).

Larva short (2.66 mm), oblong, dull creamy white, with a black triangular marking posterodorsally. Mouthhook pointed with a well-developed preapical tooth as long as apical mouthhook; ventral apodeme broader than mouthook; mandibular neck not prominent; dorsal apodeme pointed posteriorly; labial sclerite elongate; hypopharyngeal sclerite 4 × longer than broad; hypopharyngeal bridge pointed posteriorly; parastomal bar reaching beyond middle of hypopharyngeal sclerite; ventral bridge of hypopharyngeal sclerite not prominent; anterior sclerite present; dorsal cornua undivided; ventral cornua with two branches. Anterior spiracle weakly sclerotised with 15 tubules. Posterior spiracle with spiracular slits oval, slightly longer than wide, devoid of transverse striations; spiracles separated by a distance more than twice length of each slit; dorsal and ventral spiracular bundle absent in specimen examined; lateral spiracular bundle with three unbranched hairs.

Host plant.

Flowers of Conyza sp. ( Asteraceae ).

Remarks.

This species is known only from Tamil Nadu and western Karnataka (Kemmangundi) in southwestern India (this study; Hancock and McGuire 2002). Although there is some slight variation in wing markings, the examined specimens are consistent with Hering’s (1939) original description and most are from the type locality. In the phylogenetic tree, C. gemma is placed as a sister group to all the included Campiglossa species (Fig. 51 ). This might be due to the low taxon sampling or, alternatively, the species may belong to another genus, which should only be considered after a thorough study of other Campiglossa species and related groups.

Figures

Figure 51. Maximum likelihood phylogram of 17 Campiglossa and one Tephritis (outgroup) DNA barcode sequences using General Time Reversible model. The number at each node is the boostsrap value based on ML analysis.

Figures 32 - 37. Campiglossa gemma (Hering) 32 habitus (dorsal view) 33 ovipositor 33 a spicules on proximal end of eversible membrane 33 b spicules on distal end of eversible membrane 33 c aculeus tip 34 spermatheca 35 epandrium and surstyli (posterior view) 36 epandrium and surstyli (lateral view) 37 glans of phallus.

Figures 38 - 40. III instar larvae of Campiglossa gemma (Hering) 38 cephalopharyngeal skeleton 39 anterior spiracle 40 posterior spiracles.