Charinus, Simon, 1892

Souza, Priscila Emanuela De, Reis-Venâncio, Paulo César, Torres, Richard A. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2024, A new cave-dwelling species of Charinus (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from northern Brazil, Zootaxa 5399 (4), pp. 418-432 : 426-428

Key to the Brazilian species of Charinus

The key presented in this study is an adapted version of the one created by Miranda et al. (2021), with certain modifications and the inclusion of additional characters.

1. Lateral eyes developed (e.g., fig. 2)....................................................................... 2

- Lateral eyes reduced (e.g., Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: fig. 3)................................................. 7

2. Patella of the pedipalp with three dorsal spines.............................................................. 3

- Patella of the pedipalp with four or more dorsal spines....................................................... 23

3. Patella of the pedipalp with two ventral spines.............................................................. 4

- Patella of the pedipalp with three ventral spines............................................................. 5

4. Median eyes present.................................................................................. 6

- Median eyes absent.................................................................................. 18

5. Femur of the pedipalp with four or five dorsal and four or five ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 57 E–F).................................................................................................. C. diamantinus

- Femur of the pedipalp with three dorsal and three ventral spines ( Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2002: fig. 9)............. C. acaraje

6. Basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo-articles................................................... C. brescoviti

- Basitibia of leg IV divided in four pseudo-articles........................................................... 17

7. Distitibia IV with sc and sf series each with five trichobothria.................................................. 8

- Distitibia IV with sc and sf series each with six trichobothria.................................................. 9

8. Claw on the cheliceral with four denticles (e.g., Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 2F)............................... 10

- Claw on the cheliceral with five or more denticles.......................................................... 11

9. Median eyes present; eight setae on the anterior margin of the carapace ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: fig. 3)...................................................................................................... C. caatingae

- Median eyes absent; ten setae on the anterior margin of the carapace ( Baptista & Giupponi, 2003: figs. 1, 2)... C. eleonorae

10. Median eyes present ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 9A); three pseudo-articles of the basitibia IV.......... C. orientalis

- Median eyes absent ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 6A); two pseudo-articles of the basitibia IV............. C. bonaldoi

11. Basitibia of leg IV divided in two pseudo-articles.......................................................... 12

- Basitibia of leg IV divided in three or four pseudo-articles................................................... 13

12. Femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig 5E)......................... C. ricardoi

- Femur of the pedipalp with three ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 69F)......................... C. monasticus

13. Basitibia IV with three pseudo-articles................................................................... 14

- Basitibia IV with four pseudo-articles.................................................................... 15

14. Tibia of leg I with 21 articles and tarsus I with 37 articles; claw on the cheliceral with seven denticles ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 2G)................................................................................. C. ferreus

- Tibia of leg I with 23 articles and tarsus I with 42 articles; claw on the cheliceral with six denticles ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 2E)...................................................................................... C. carajas

15. Median eyes present and reduced....................................................................... 16

- Median eyes absent; patella of the pedipalp with three dorsal and two ventral spines; claw on the cheliceral with ten denticles ( Baptista & Giupponi 2002: figs. 1, 6, 8)........................................................ C. troglobius

16. Median ocular tubercle present but reduced; median eyes reduced exhibiting dark pigmentation (Vasconcelos et al. 2016: figs. 1–3); pedipalp patella with six or seven dorsal spines and Pd-IV two-thirds length of Pd-III (Vasconcelos et al. 2016: fig. 6).............................................................................................. C. taboa

- Median ocular tubercle absent; median eyes reduced unpigmented ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2017: figs. 1–3); pedipalp patella with five or six dorsal spines and Pd-IV one-fifth length of Pd-III ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2017: fig. 11)........ C. spelaeus

17. Femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 78F); claw on the cheliceral with four or five denticles........................................................................................ C. una

- Femur of the pedipalp with five ventral spines ( Vasconcelos et al., 2013: fig. 3); claw on the cheliceral with nine to thirteen denticles ( Vasconcelos et al., 2013: fig. 6)........................................................ C. potiguar

18. Bifid tooth with dorsal cusp larger than ventral cusp (1a>b) (e.g., fig. 7)......................................... 19

- Bifid tooth with ventral cusp larger than dorsal cusp (1a<b) ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 2H)........... C. bichuetteae

19. Sucker-like female gonopods (e.g., Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 7E)....................................... C. carvalhoi

- Cushion-like female gonopods (e.g., Miranda & Giupponi 2011: fig. 8)......................................... 20

20. Base of female gonopod sclerotized..................................................................... 21

- Base of female gonopod unsclerotized................................................................... 22

21. Femur of the pedipalp with three dorsal and three ventral spines ( Miranda & Giupponi 2011: figs. 4–5)......... C. vulgaris

- Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal and four ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 32 E–F)........... C. perquerens

22. Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines, proximal spine 1/2 length of distal spine ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 7D); tetrasternum and pentasternum rounded ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 7B); basal trichobothria, bf, bc and sbf equidistant ( Giupponi & Miranda 2016: fig. 3D)................................................................. C. guto

- Pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines, proximal spine 1/3 length of distal spine ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 30E); tetrasternum and pentasternum flattened ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 30B); distitibia trichobothrium bc situated closer to sbf than to bf (e.g., Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2002: fig. 4)............................................................. C. magalhaesi

23. Patella of the pedipalp with four dorsal spines............................................................. 24

- Patella of the pedipalp with five or more dorsal spines....................................................... 27

24. Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal and three or four ventral spines......................................... 25

- Femur of the pedipalp with five dorsal and five ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 52 E–F).............. C. carioca

25. Cheliceral claw with eight denticles ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 10G); femur of the pedipalp with three ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 44F); distitibia IV with 14 trichobothria............................................ C. alagoanus

- Cheliceral claw with ten or eleven denticles; femur of the pedipalp with four ventral spines; distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria .................................................................................................. 26

26. Frontal process triangular, clearly visible in dorsal view (fig. 8); cheliceral claw with ten denticles (fig. 7)............................................................................................... C. tocantinensis sp. nov.

- Frontal process subtriangular, not visible in dorsal view ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 66 A, C); cheliceral claw with eleven denticles.................................................................................. C. imperialis

27. Femur of the pedipalp with three ventral spines................................................... C. montanus

- Femur of the pedipalp with more than three ventral spines................................................... 28

28. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal and three ventral spines............................................... 29

- Patella of the pedipalp with different number of dorsal and ventral spines........................................ 32

29. Femur of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines; tetra- and pentasternum display small platelets (e.g., Miranda et al. 2016: fig. 1B)........................................................................................ C. schirchii

- Femur of the pedipalp with three or four dorsal spines (females of C. brasilianus may have five dorsal spines); tetra- and pentasternum forming single convex platelet (e.g., Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 44B).................................. 30

30. Distitibia IV with sc and sf series each with five trichobothria........................................ C. brasilianus

- Distitibia IV with sc and sf series each with six trichobothria................................................. 31

31. Cheliceral claw with eight denticles ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 10I); sucker-like gonopods sclerotized basally ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 6A)................................................................................. C. renneri

- Cheliceral claw with ten or eleven denticles ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: fig. 15); sucker-like gonopods unsclerotized basally ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: fig. 21)............................................................... C. iuiu

32. Distitibia IV with 16 trichobothria, sc and sf series each with five trichobothria................................... 33

- Distitibia IV with 18 trichobothria, sc and sf series each with six trichobothria.................................... 34

33. Cheliceral claw with seven denticles............................................................ C. sooretama

- Cheliceral claw with nine denticles................................................................ C. souzai

34. Cheliceral claw with up to nine denticles................................................................. 35

- Cheliceral claw with ten or more denticles................................................................ 39

35. Femur of the pedipalp with six ventral spines ( Giupponi & Kury, 2002: fig. 6)........................... C. mysticus

- Femur of the pedipalp with four or five ventral spines....................................................... 36

36. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with nine denticles................................. 37

- Patella of the pedipalp with six or seven dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with eight denticles.......................... 38

37. Patella of the pedipalp with four ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 54F)........................... C. cearensis

- Patella of the pedipalp with five ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 62C)........................... C. euclidesi

38. Basitibia of leg IV with trichobothria on the last pseudo-article located medially ( Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2002: fig. 4)................................................................................................... C. asturius

- Basitibia of leg IV with trichobothria on the last pseudo-article located proximally....................... C. santanensis

39. Carapace anterior margin with six setae (e.g., Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2017: fig. 3)................................ 40

- Carapace anterior margin with eight setae ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 47C).................................. C. apiaca

40. Cheliceral claw with 10 to 12 denticles; patella of the pedipalp with up to five ventral spines........................ 41

- Cheliceral claw with 13 denticles; patella of the pedipalp with six ventral spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 49F)... C. carinae

41. Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines; marked secondary sexual dimorphism in the length of the pedipalps (pedipalps are larger in males than females) ( Vasconcelos et al. 2014: figs. 5–8)................................... C. jibaossu

- Patella of the pedipalp with five dorsal spines; no marked sexual dimorphism in pedipalp length...................... 42

42. Femur of the pedipalp with four dorsal spines ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 71D); cheliceral claw with 11 denticles..... C. puri

- Femur of the pedipalp with five or six dorsal spines; cheliceral claw with 10 denticles.............................. 43

43. Carapace dark ocher ( Miranda et al. 2016: fig. 1A); pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing five setae... C. ruschii

- Carapace light ocher ( Miranda et al. 2021: fig. 64A); pedipalp coxa, rounded dorsal carina containing seven setae..................................................................................................... C. goitaca