Cyclidia substigmaria ( Huebner , 1831)

Jiang, Nan, Liu, Shuxian, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang, 2016, A review of Cyclidiinae from China (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae), ZooKeys 553, pp. 119-148 : 123

Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Drepanidae

Cyclidia substigmaria ( Huebner, 1831)

Euchera substigmaria Hübner 1831: 29. pl. 90, figs 519, 520. Syntypes, China.

Cyclidia substigmaria : Guenée 1858: 63.

Abraxas capitata Walker, 1862a: 1121. Holotype ♀, China: Hong Kong (BMNH).

Euchera capitata : Strand 1911: 196.

Cyclidia substigmaria brunna Chu & Wang, 1987: 205. Holotype ♂, China: Sichuan: Emeishan, Qingyinge (IZCAS). Syn. n.

Cyclidia tetraspota Chu & Wang, 1987: 206. Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong (IZCAS). Syn. n.

Diagnosis.

In external appearance, this species is distinguishable from other congeners by the following characters: the discal spots of hind wing are very distinct on the upper side and the underside; the discal spot of the forewing is covered with white scales on the upper side; two greyish brown markings are present inside the anal angle of the forewing. The male genitalia of the species are close to those of Cyclidia rectificata , but the terminal part of the uncus and the socii are narrower; the vesica is much more scobinate. In the female genitalia, the two signa are close to each other posteriorly, while in Cyclidia rectificata , they are almost parallel.

Remarks.

There are five subspecies of Cyclidia substigmaria :

Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria ( Hübner, 1831), most parts of China and Vietnam;

Cyclidia substigmaria intermedia Prout, 1918 in Tibet;

Cyclidia substigmaria nigralbara Warren, 1914 in Japan and Korean Peninsula;

Cyclidia substigmaria modesta Bryk, 1943 in Myanmar;

Cyclidia substigmaria superstigmaria Prout, 1918 in India and Nepal.

Distribution.

China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.

Biological notes.

Sugi (1987) and Holloway (1998) mentioned that larval Cyclidiinae may be uniquely associated with the plant family Alangiaceae (now incorporated in Cornaceae ). However, Cyclidia substigmaria also has been recorded from Malvaceae ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) ( Chu 1981, Chu and Wang 1987, 1991, Kadoorie Farm and Botanical Garden 2004). The morphology of the eggs, larva, pupa and life history of Cyclidia substigmaria were described in detail by Zhou and Wang (1985), Chu and Wang (1991) and Yan et al. (2009).