Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008

Blandin, Patrick, Bristow, Roger, Neild, Andrew, Sousa, Juan Carlos De, Gareca, Yuvinka & Huertas, Blanca, 2014, Revisiting the Andean butterfly Eryphanis zolvizora group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): one or several species?, European Journal of Taxonomy 71, pp. 1-66 : 32-33

Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008 stat. rev.

Figs 5A-B , 7C , 13A-C , 15I

Eryphanis greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008 ; Penz 2008: 15-17 , figs 1H, 2H, 4H, 5H, 6H.

Diagnosis

HW projection strongly pronounced ( Fig. 5A ); on the DFW the R5-M1 orange patch is usually missing or very reduced; the isolated white spot in the VFW cell is medium to large ( Fig. 5A-B ); on the VFW, in space Cu2-2A, the inner tooth of the distal stripe forms a black point which may just connect with the outer black margin of the proximal stripe ( Fig. 5B ); in the VHW cell and above the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus, faint dark brown lines are generally visible; the VHW costal ocellus has a narrow, bright white outer ring ( Fig. 5A-B ). The valva axis has no swelling; the dorsal ridge has a row of more than 6 spines, diminishing towards the extremity ( Fig. 13A ).

Type material

Holotype

ECUADOR: ♂, three labels: // Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, 5km W of Cosanga , May 2007 // reared on Chusquea scandens, H. F. Greeney // Eryphanis grteeneyi Penz and DeVries HOLOTYPE // ( BMNH).

Paratypes

Detailed information in Penz (2008). ECUADOR: 5 ♂♂, Napo Prov., Yanayacu Biological Station ( BMNH); Provincia Napo ( MECN); Provincia Napo ( AMNH); Rio Blanco , near Baños, (DeVries Collection, USA); Balzapampa , Ecuador ( FLMNH). 4 ♀♀, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station ( BMNH); Napo Prov., Yanayacu Biological Station ( MECN); Napo, Biol. Yanayacu ( AMNH); Provincia Napo, San Isidro (DeVries Collection, USA).

Type locality

Ecuador, Napo Province, Cosanga.

Description

Male

The FWL varies from 55 to 66 mm (our data, and according to Penz 2008). Average P = 5.5 (n = 11; cf. Table 3 ), as in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov., differing in this way from other subspecies from the Northern Andes. On the DFW the R5-M1 orange patch is more often missing or very reduced; the other orange marks are well separated, at least by the veins; their size is very variable; the violet iridescence is fainter than in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov.; the androconial patch is a bright creamy, pale citrus yellow ( Fig. 5A-B ). The underside is close to that of E. z. opimus as it is generally lighter, with a more yellowish tint, than in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov. ( Fig. 5A ); however, there are intermediate specimens, which resemble more closely specimens of E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov. ( Fig. 5B ). On the VFW, the isolated white spot in cell is medium to large, with an irregular, more or less quadrangular, triangular or oval shape; there is no white spot in the angle formed by the cubital vein of the cell and Cu2, or it is very small ( Fig. 5A ); on the VFW, in space Cu2-2A, the inner tooth of the distal stripe is well developed, forming a black point which in some specimens forms a narrow black bridge with the outside black margin of the proximal stripe ( Fig. 5A-B ). On the VHW, the white stripes extend far beyond the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus, notably the distal one, which reaches vein 2A; in the cell and above the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus, the dark brown lines are generally visible, but very faint in some specimens; the VHW costal ocellus has a narrow, bright white outer ring (sometimes the white scales do not cover the ring entirely); the black ring is generally complete ( Fig. 5A-B ); the widest diameter of the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus has an average value of 9.5 mm (n = 11; cf. Table 5 ). Genitalia exhibit weak individual variations ( Fig. 13A-C ). The valva axis has no swelling, and the dorsal ridge bears a row of more than 6 spines, decreasing in size more or less regularly towards the extremity; in that way, E. z. greeneyi strongly differs from E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov., while it is similar to Colombian and Venezuelan subspecies. The gnathos is smaller than in E. z. chachapoya ssp. nov., but its size probably falls within the range of individual variations in E. z. opimus .

Note. The five orange spots that comprise the FW band vary in size. In the holotype from Yanayacu, the three lower spots are crescentic and just touch; in others, the spots are smaller, less obviously crescentic and do not touch. Both types of FW band are seen in Río Blanco specimens and it is assumed that they represent individual variation. A more extreme example is the male figured by Piñas (2004, figs 653 and 654) from Baeza, where the FW spots are large and contiguous ( Fig. 5B ). As Baeza lies fairly close to Yanayacu, it is assumed that this phenotype falls within the variation of E. z. greeneyi .

Female

The FWL varies from 64 to 68 mm (our data and after Penz 2008). Considering the habitus ( Fig. 7C ), the diagnostic characters correspond to those of the males, except the size of the Cu1-Cu2 ocellus, which can be large (Φ = 11.5 mm in a female from Valladolid). The violet iridescence is limited but bright on both the FW and HW. The underside is lighter than in males. The dorsal branches of the sterigma are close to the internal side of the arch. Moreover, they have marked irregular outlines; in that way, E. z. greeneyi differs from other subspecies.

Flight periods

E. z. greeneyi appears to fly throughout the year, with May being the commonest month of capture.

Distribution

Ecuador. Eryphanis z. greeneyi extends throughout eastern Ecuador (possibly extending into southern Colombia) at altitudes generally between 1500 and 2220 m, but there are some records (if genuine) which suggest that it may occur as low as 600 m. It is well known from the much-collected area of the upper Río Pastaza between the Río Blanco and Río Verde and extends to the extreme south of Ecuador (Podocarpus, Valladolid and Cordillera Llagunillas). A specimen in MZUJ is labelled from El Oro Province, near Balsas; however, it is likely that this specimen had been mislabelled, as it belongs to material donated by K. Jasiński (Keith Willmott, pers. comm.).

Remarks

The taxon Eryphanis greeneyi , described as a distinct species, was based on 7 males and 4 females, of which several were reared by H.F. Greeney at the Yanayacu Biological Station, near Cosanga, Ecuador (Napo Province). The holotype (a male) and a female paratype are deposited in the BMNH. The name was given in honour of the naturalist Harold Francis Greeney III, who first reared this taxon.

Two males labelled ‘Caqueta’ in the Le Crom collection were probably collected on the road from Altamira to Florencia at a height of between 1500 and 2000 m (J.F. Le Crom, pers. comm). No other E. zolvizora specimen is known from eastern slopes of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. These two males are somewhat darker than most other Colombian specimens. Geographically, they are closest to E. z. greeneyi from Ecuador, to which we putatively attach them; however, the HW projection at Cu1 is only poorly developed and there is no narrow white line surrounding the costal HW ocellus.

Figures

Fig. 5. Habitus of males. Red spot: holotype (HT) or lectotype (LT). A. Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008, stat. rev., HT (Yanayacu, Napo, Ecuador; BMNH). B. E. z. greeneyi, specimen with increased forewing spots (Baeza, Napo, Ecuador, Pinas). C. Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., HT (Altaquer, Nariño, Colombia; ICNUN). D. E. z. casagrande from Western Ecuador (Las Gralarias, Pichincha; FLMNH). E. Eryphanis zolvizora opimus (Staudinger, 1887), LT (Manizales, Colombia; ZMHB). F. E. z. opimus, specimen with reduced spots (Cauca, Colombia; MNHN, CG).

Fig. 7. Habitus of females. Yellow spot: paratype (PT). A. Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877) (San Jacinto, Bolivia; BMNH). B. Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov., PT (San José de Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru; MNHN, PBGL 198). C. Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008, stat. rev. (Ecuador; JFLC). D. Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., PT (La Planada, Nariño, Colombia; IAvH). E. E. z. casagrande ssp. nov. (Huigra, Chimborazo, Ecuador; ANSP). F. Eryphanis zolvizora opimus (Staudinger, 1887) (Río Agua (presumably Río Aguacatal), Valle del Cauca, Colombia; BMNH).

Fig. 13. A-C. Male genitalia of Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008, stat. rev. A. Specimen from Rio Blanco, Ecuador (MNHN, PBB 729). B. Specimen from Rio Blanco, Ecuador (MNHN, PBB 537). C. Specimen from Rio Blanco, Ecuador (MNHN, PBB 257). – D-F. Male genitalia of Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov. D. HT from Altaquer, Nariño, Colombia (ICNUN). E. PT from Ricaurte, Nariño, Colombia (IAvH; drawing by Jean-François Le Crom, JFL 336). F. Specimen from Las Gralarias, Pichincha, Ecuador (FLMNH). – G-I. Male genitalia of Eryphanis zolvizora opimus (Staudinger, 1887). G. Specimen from Manizales, Caldas, Colombia (BMNH 8228). H. Specimen from Arménia, Quindio, Colombia (MNHN, CG). I. Specimen from Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia (BMNH 8227).

Fig. 15. Female sterigma. A. Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877) (Bolivia; MNHN, CG). B-H. Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov. B. PT from Cushi, Pasco, Peru (BMNH 8226). C. PT from Carpish, Huánuco, Peru (MNHN, PBB 2285). D. Specimen from Mallqui, Huánuco, Peru (MNHN, PBB 2327). E. PT from San José de Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru (MNHN, PBGL 198). F. PT from Nieva, Amazonas, Peru (MNHN, PBGL 596). G. PT from Alto Nieva, Amazonas, Peru (MNHN, PBGL 519). H. Specimen from Alto Nieva, Amazonas, Peru (MNHN, PBGL 520). I. Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008, stat. rev., specimen fromValladolid, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (MNHN, PBB 2288). J. Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., PT from La Planada, Nariño, Colombia (IAvH; drawing by Jean-François Le Crom, JFL 337). K. E. zolvizora opimus (Staudinger, 1887), specimen from ‘Colombie’ (MNHN, CG). L. Eryphanis zolvizora reyi ssp. nov., PT from La Mina, Barinas, Venezuela (R, 116-JCSC). M-O. E. zolvizora isabelae ssp. nov. M. PT from Choroní, Aragua, Venezuela (R, 114-JCSC). N. PT from Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela (MIZA, 118-JCSC). O. PT from La Llanada, Distrito Federal, Venezuela (MNHN, PBB 2322).