Phyllonorycter, Hübner, 1822

Kirichenko, Natalia, Triberti, Paolo, Akulov, Evgeniy, Ponomarenko, Margarita, Gorokhova, Svetlana, Sheiko, Viktor, Ohshima, Issei & Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, 2019, Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding, Zootaxa 4652 (1), pp. 1-55 : 30

Phyllonorycter sp. 1

( Fig. 13F )

Material examined. Russia: PK, Sikhote-Alin Mts, National park “Zov tigra”, 43.60N, 134.30E, 690 m alt., Tilia sp., 10.VII.2010, 1 larva, NK31, KX818885 , (INRA); Vladivostok, Akademgorodok, city plantation, 43.19N, 131.92E, 82 m alt., T. mandshurica , 15.VII.2013, 1 pupa, NK205, KX818718 ; Gornotaezhnoe, MTS, arboretum, 43.69N, 132.16E, 160 m alt., T. taquetii , 25.VIII.2011, 1 larva, NK236, KX818723 ; same location, T. mandshurica , 16.VII.2013, 1 larva, NK208, KX818721 ; same location, T. amurensis , 10.VII.2015, 1 male (reared from leaf mine), M. Ponomarenko leg., NK601, MK403722 , all deposited in INRA.

Leaf mine. The mine ( Fig. 13F ) is not distinguishable from that of Ph. issikii ( Fig. 12C ).

Trophic specialization. Monophagous on Tilia (Malvaceae) . T. amurensis , T. mandshurica , T. taquetii , Tilia sp.

Distribution. Russia: RFE—AO, KK, PK (Baryshnikova 2006); Japan ( Kumata 1963), Korea ( Kumata et al. 1983), China ( Kirichenko et al. 2017c). Phyllonorycter sp. 1 and Ph. issikii occur in sympatry ( Kirichenko et al. 2017c).

Remarks. BIN of unknown species—BOLD:ACC3074. The maximum intraspecific divergence in the cluster represented by five unidentified specimens ( Fig. 3 ) is 1.2%. In East Asia, only one Tilia -feeding Phyllonorycter species is known— Ph. issikii ( Kumata 1963) . The minimum interspecific genetic distance between our unidentified species and Ph. issikii is 5.4% ( Table 2 ), suggesting that Phyllonorycter sp. 1 may be an undescribed species. This putative new cryptic species was already mentioned in our previous study ( Kirichenko et al. 2017c). To confirm its novelty, a representative series of adults is needed for morphological analysis.

Figures

FIGURE 3. COI Neighbor-Joining tree of Gracillariidae species sampled in the Russian Far East. Each specimen is accompanied by its sequence number (BOLD “process ID”), species name, sampling location and host plant. Sampling locations are given between two vertical lines, i.e. |Skov.| Skovorodino; |Blag.| Blagoveshchensk; |MTS| Komarov Mountain-Taiga Station FEB RAS and the forest around; |Rakovka|, |Glukhovka|forest around the villages Rakovka and Glukhovka respectively; |Vlad.| Vladivostok; |Sikhote-Alin| Sikhote-Alin Mountains, national park “Zov tigra”, |Y-S| Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and the area around including Susunay mountain range (see Fig. 1 for details). Host plants: A. pseudosieb.—Acer pseudosieboldianum; * sampling done by sweep netting from the bush, whereas all other gracillariids were collected/ reared directly from their mines. Each leafminer species is supplied with its BIN number retrieved from BOLD; blue BINs correspond to known species, red—new BINs.

FIGURE 12. Mines of Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Ph. cretata, host plant Quercus mongolica; (B) Ph. ermani, B. platyphylla; (C) Ph. issikii, Tilia mandshurica; (D) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica; (E) sampling location of Ph. junoniella; (F) Ph. nigristella, Quercus dentata; (G) Ph. orientalis, Acer pictum; (H) Ph. pastorella, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (l) larva; (p) pupa. Close up: (B) deformation of the leaf due to mines (the view from the upper side); (C, F–H) mine, (E) the bush from that the specimens were collected. Sampling locations: (A–B, F) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno- Sakhalinsk, Gagarin’s Park, 11–20.VII.2017; (E) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Susunay mountain range, 14.VII.2017; (C–D, G–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–26.VII.2016.

FIGURE 13. Mines of Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A–B) Ph. ringoniella, host plant Malus mandshurica; (C–D) Ph. sorbicola, Prunus padus and Prunus maackii respectively; (E) Ph. strigulatella, Alnus hirsuta; (F) Phyllonorycter sp. 1, Tilia mandshurica; (G–H) Phyllonorycter sp. 6, Acer pseudosieboldianum. Indications: (m) mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (b) blotch. Close up: (B–C, F, H) mine. Sampling locations: (A–D, F–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–26.VII.2016; (E) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017.