Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 80-82

Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007

( Figs 59–60 )

Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007 , in Austin et al. Bull. Allyn Mus. 150: 3, figs 3–6 (male d, v), 9–12 (female d, v), 14 (female v), 15 (male v), 16 (male gen.), 17 (female gen.), 18 (geogr. distr.), 19–23 (larva, pupa); holotype female, Mexico: Sonora; Mexican route 16, canyon with palms near km 196, 30 August 1997; MZAH.— Vargas-Fernández et al., 2008. Nymph. Mexico 2, p. 9, 63.— Penz et al., 2011. Zootaxa 2897: 10.—Penz & Mohammadi, 2013. Biota Neotrop. 13 (3): 169.— Neves & Paluch, 2016. Neotrop. Ent. 45 (1): 13, 14, 17, 18; cit.— Vargas-Fernández et al., 2016. Adicion. Série Papilionoidea México, p. 68, pl. 5, figs 1, 2 (male, female d, v).— Matos-Maraví et al. 2021, Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133 (3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.

Taxonomic history. Female holotype and a male paratype were illustrated in the original description, and by Vargas-Fernández et al. (2016).

Type material. Holotype female, with the following labels: / HOLOTYPE / MEXICO: Sonora; Mexican route 16, canyon with palms near km 196, 30 August 1997 / Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae / Austin & A. Warren /; MZAH ( Fig. 59 ) .

Diagnosis. Among the species described in Opsiphanes , the sympatric Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae and Opsiphanes boisduvallii ( Austin et al. 2007) are notable for their predominantly orange coloration, but both were recovered in the “ quiteria group” ( Fig. 2 ) as closely related, with 2.1–2.2% genetic distance. Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae differs from Opsiphanes boisduvallii in having the VHW with predominantly grayish shades and the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1 with a wide dark-brown outline, reaching M 1 ( Fig. 59a ).

Male genitalia. See Austin et al. (2007).

Female genitalia. See Austin et al. (2007).

Variation. FW, length: male: 45–46 mm (n=2), female: 57 mm (n=1). VFW may have eyespots between M 2 and CuA 2 ( Fig. 59 ).

Natural history. Information on the immature stages of Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae can be found in Austin et al. (2007).

Host plants: Arecaceae : Brahea aculeata (Brandegee) H. E. Moore ( Austin et al. 2007) .

Geographic distribution. Mexico (Sonora, Colima). The species occurs at 1,200 m of altitude ( Austin et al. 2007) ( Fig. 60 ) .

Temporal distribution. March, April, August–November.

Etymology. Named in honor of Margery Minerva Blythe Kitzmiller, whose family contributed to the authors’ research on Lepidoptera .

Specimens examined. Photos of the holotypus of Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007 , and the following specimens: MEXICO: Sonora — Cocurpe Road (18 m SE Magdalena ), 14-X-1979, 1 male, Rab leg. , UFFLMNH MGCL 1103327 ( MGCL); Mexican route 16 (‘fig-tree’ canyon near km 196), 16-IX-1999 , 1

female, D. D. Mullins leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1103329 ( MGCL) ; Alamos , 27-VIII-1994, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1103328 ( MGCL) . Colima — La Salada , 300 m, 8-V-1967, 1 female, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1103330 ( MGCL) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 59. Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1092345-MGCL), b. (FLMNH MGCL 1103327-MGCL) Sonora. Female, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: c. (FLM- NH MGCL 1103329-MGCL) Sonora; a., b., c. Paratypes of Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae. The white arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species.

FIGURE 60. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes blythekitzmillerae Austin & A. Warren, 2007.