Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 125-128

Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.

( Figs 107–108 , 115–119 )

Opsiphanes badius Stichel, 1902 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 513, 524, pl. 9, fig. 4 (type male d); 3 males, Muzo?, [Boyacá], Colombia; collection Stichel.— Röber, 1906. Soc. ent. 21 (4): 27.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 300, 304.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 42; syn.: f. cauca.— Biezanko & Ruffinelli, 1962. Rev. Fac. Agron., Montevideo, 50: 146.

Opsiphanes quiteria badius ; Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 20.—Fruhstorfer, 1907. Int. ent. Ztschr. 1 (5): 30.— Stichel, 1907. Soc. ent. 22 (13): 99: syn.: var. cauca .— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 75, 79.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 410.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 241, figs 16c (male d, v), 17c (female d, v); syn.: f. pseudospadix; LECTOTYPUS.—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.— Penz et al., 1999. Jour. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 150; host plant.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204; syn.: f. pseudospadix.—Viloria, 2005, in Llorente & Morrone (eds). Reg. Biogeo. Iberoamérica, UNAM, Mexico, p. 449.

Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916. Lep. Niep. 2, p. 13; 1 male; no locality; Coll. Niepelt.

Opsiphanes quirinus badius ; Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 163, 181; biogeogr.

Opsiphanes quiteria pseudospadix ; Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 242, fig. 16d (male d, v).

Taxonomic history. Stichel (1902) described Opsiphanes badius stat. rest. and soon afterward proposed a new status: Opsiphanes quiteria badius . Stichel (1907) synonymized Opsiphanes badius var. cauca with Opsiphanes quiteria badius . Stichel (1932) then reconsidered Opsiphanes badius stat. rest., and maintained Opsiphanes badius f. cauca as a synonym. Although Stichel (1902) in the original description of Opsiphanes badius stat. rest., mentioned “Muzo?” as the type locality, which is located on the Western side of the Oriental Colombian Cordillera that descends to the Magdalena River, Bristow (1991) designated as the lectotype of Opsiphanes badius Stichel, 1902 a specimen from the Magdalena River. In fact, this specimen has a type label, probably affixed by Stichel, and the identification label. The specimen designated by Bristow (1991) is the same specimen illustrated as a type by Stichel (1902). Bristow (1991) synonymized Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916 with Opsiphanes quiteria badius . Casagrande (2004) considered Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix as synonymous with Opsiphanes quiteria badius .

Type material. Opsiphanes badius Stichel, 1902 was described based on three males from Muzo?, [Boyacá], Colombia, deposited in the Stichel collection. Bristow (1991) designated a male as the lectotype, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Typus/ Type/ LECTOTYPE / Colombia R. Magdalena s e. c. H. Stichel/ O. quit . badius Stich. Type/. This specimen is the same one illustrated by Stichel (1902, pl. 9 fig. 4).

Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916 was described based on a male specimen, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Typus / Type H.T./? loc./ Opsiphanes tamarindi pseudospadix m. ♂ Strand det./ 1. 19./ Presented by J.J.Joicey Esq. Brit. Mus. 1931-291./. Infrasubspecific names are excluded from the provisions of the ICZN (Art. 1.3.4) and thus have no name-bearing types.

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes badius badius stat. rest. differs from Opsiphanes badius angostura stat. nov. and Opsiphanes badius cauca stat. rest. in the following characters: Male and female: DHW with a practically invisible submarginal band. Male: DFW with whitish or slightly yellowish oblique band ( Figs 107–108 ).

Variation. FW, length: male: 44–52 mm (n=5), female: 55–61 mm (n=4). DHW, submarginal band varying from a tiny spot between Sc+R 1 -Rs to absent. VFW, the width of the oblique band. VHW, the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2 ( Figs 107–108 ).

Comments. Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916 remains synonymous with Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest., because after examination of the “ type ” ( Figs 118–119 ) and considering the morphological variation, no characters were found to justify it as a subspecies.

Natural history. Host plants: Arecaceae : Bactris sp. ( Penz et al. 1999).

Geographic distribution. Colombia (Santander, Cundinamarca, Boyacá) ; Venezuela (Zulia,

Aragua, Carabobo, Barinas, Táchira) ( Fig. 117 ), at altitudes between 50 and 1,400 m .

Temporal distribution. January–October.

Etymology. Likely a reference to the brown coloration.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotypus of Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.; “type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916, and the following specimens: COLOM- BIA : Santander —Barrancabermeja (Casabe—across Río Magdalena), 1–18-IV-1958, 1 female, D. S. Bos leg., AMNH_IZC 00197489 (AMNH). Cundinamarca —Bogotá, 1 male, ex-coll. W. Schaus, USNMENT01590461 (USNM); San Antonio de Yacopí , 16-IX-1945, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1103450 (MGCL). Boyacá —Tunja (La Lechera— Río Opón ), 850 m, 15-II-1946, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1103465 (MGCL); Otanche, VIII-1980, 1 female, Schmidt-Mumm leg., DZ 42.572 (DZUP); Muzo, 800 m, 1 male, Fassl leg., USNMENT01590458 (USNM). VENEZUELA: Zulia —Rosario de Perijá ( Villa del Rosario), 50 m, 12–13-I-1977, 1 female, L. Joly, T. Salcedo & J. Clavijo leg., DZ 42.592 (DZUP); Río Tucuco , 420 m, 21–27-V-1971, 1 female, Salcedo-Ramirez leg., DZ 42.593 (DZUP). Aragua —Maracay, VI-1970, 1 male, 1,000 m, VII-1970, 1 male, ex-coll. N. Tangerini, DZ 42.584, 42.585 (DZUP), I-1989, 1 female, 1 male, L. Otero leg., DZ 42.583, 42.586 (DZUP), VI-1977, 1 male, Kesselring leg., OM 12.299 (DZUP—OM), (Choroní), 1,400 m, III-1979, 1 male, DZ 42.587 (DZUP), (Rancho Grande), 10º37′N, 67º68′W, 8-V-1973, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1103448 (MGCL), 1,050 m, 31-VIII-1960, 1 female, J. & F. Preston leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1103449 (MGCL), 3-IX-1960, 1 female, F. Preston leg., AMNH_IZC 00197493 (AMNH), 20-X-1972, 1 female, Clavijo leg., DZ 42.582 (DZUP). Carabobo —Borburata, 300 m, 17–24-VI-1971, 1 male, Yépez & Salcedo leg., DZ 42.591 (DZUP). Barinas —Reserva Forestal Ticoporo, 230 m, 3–10-IV-1966, 1 female, 2 males, F. Fernández & L. Joly leg., DZ 42.588 –42.590 (DZUP). Táchira —La Morita, 300 m, 13–17-V- 1972, 1 female, Yépez leg., DZ 2522 (DZUP), 300 m, 6–14-IV-1972, 1 male, Salcedo leg., DZ 42.595 (DZUP); San Joaquín de Navay, 225 m, 10–12-V-1972, 1 female, 1 male, Salcedo leg., DZ 42.594, 42.596 (DZUP).

Figures

FIGURE 107. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Colombia: (USN- MENT01590458-USNM) Muzo; b. Venezuela: (DZ 42.586; CMBUT1157-19) Maracay. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 108. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Colombia: (FLMNH MGCL 1103450-MGCL) San Antonio de Yacopí; b. Venezuela: (DZ 42.583-DZUP) Maracay. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 115. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 42.585-DZUP).

FIGURE 116. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 2522-DZUP).

FIGURE 117. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest., Opsiphanes badius cauca Röber, 1906 stat. rest. and Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.; Asterisk (*) inside the sampled locality indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography.

FIGURE 118. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest. Lectotype of Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 119. Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. pseudospadix Strand, 1916 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.