Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 19-25

Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875

( Figs 4–8 , 11–17 )

Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875 . Ent. monthly Mag. 11 (129): 203; Bogotá, [Cundinamarca, Colombia].—Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 716.— Waterhouse, 1881. Aid Ident. Ins. 1, pl. 55 [male d, v].— Staudinger, 1887, in Staudinger & Schatz. Exot. Schmett. 1 (18), p. 213.— Fassl, 1909. Soc. Ent. 24 (15): 115; biol.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 298.—Fassl, 1914. Ent. Rdsch. 31 (17): 99.—Fassl, 1916. Ent. Rdsch. 33 (5): 26.—Krueger, 1920. Ent. Rdsch. 37 (10): 38; scent organs.— Stichel, 1925. Neue Beitr. syst. Insektenkunde. 3 (8/9): 68.— Biezanko & Ruffinelli, 1962. Rev. Fac. Agron., Montevideo, 50: 146.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l‘École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 163, 173, 178, 184, 185, 203; biogeogr.—DeVries, 1986. Jour. Res. Lep. 24: 327; host plant.— DeVries, 1987. Butt. Costa Rica, p. 248, 251, fig. 32 e6; biol., ecol.—Raguso & Gloster, 1993. Jour. Res. Lep. 32: 157.—R. G. de la Maza E. & J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 183.—Moreno et al., 1998. Marip. Ecuador, p. 155.— Penz et al., 1999. Jour. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 149; host plant.—Viloria, 2005, in Llorente & Morrone (eds). Reg. Biogeo. Iberoamérica, UNAM, Mexico, p. 449.—J. Miller et al., 2006. 100 Caterpillars, p. 135, fig. 12 (larva, female d); biol., host plant.— Austin et al., 2007. Bull. Allyn Mus. 150: 2, 15.—Smith et al., 2008. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sc. USA 105 (34): 12361.—Gaviria-O. & Henao-B., 2011. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 15 (1): 129.— Penz et al., 2011. Zootaxa 2897: 16.—Cassildé et al., 2012. Ann. Soc. ent. France 48 (1/2): 174, 186.— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 3, 12 fig. 27 (phylogenetic tree).—DeVries et al., 2012. Jour. Anim. Ecol. 81 (2): 478; ecol.— Penz et al., 2013. Syst. Ent. 38 (2): 317, 320, 324, 328, fig. 7e (larva, head capsule); phylog.—J. de la Maza E. & R. G. de la Maza E., 2015, in Carabias, J. de la Maza E. & Cadena (eds.). Conserv. Desarr. sust. Selva Lacandona, p. 639.—Shirai et al., 2017. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 110 (2): 147, 149, 155, fig. 5 (phylogenetic tree); biol., phylog.—Glassberg, 2018. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America (2 nd ed.), p. 153 (figs female d, v).— Matos-Maraví et al. 2021, Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133 (3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.—Henao-B. & Gantiva-Q., 2020. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 24 (1): 188.

Opsiphanes tamarindi bogotanus ; Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 510, 523.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 19.— Stichel, 1907. Soc. ent. 22 (13): 99; syn.: aurivillii .— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 69, 71; syn.: aurivillii .— Smart, 1975. Enc. Butt. World, p. 243, fig. 12 (male d).

Opsiphanes tamarindi var. alba Stichel, 1902 (Staudinger in litt.). Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 510, 523; nom. nud. (ICZN, Art. 11.6—as synonym of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus ).

Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 510, 524; julho, Balzapamba, [Bolívar], Ecuador, R. Haensch [leg.].

Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906 . Soc. ent. 21 (3): 20; (4): 27, 1 male [holotype], Colombia .

Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi f. spadix; Stichel, 1908. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 52 (3): 170.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. GrossSchmett. Erde 5, p. 297.

Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus f. spadix; Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 71.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 223, fig. 8d (male d, v).

Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 . Ent. Rdsch. 29 (2): 15; Alto Rio Negro , [Meta], Colombia, 800 m, Fassl leg. — Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 298.—Fassl, 1915. Ent. Rdsch. 32 (8): 44.—Fassl, 1916. Ent. Rdsch. 33 (5): 26.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 39.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l‘École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 173; biogeogr.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 234, 236, 285, figs 12c, d (male d, v), 13d (female d, v).— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204.—Vélez-Estrada & Ríos-Málaver, 2018. Colombia País Marip., p. 465 (fig. v). Syn. nov.

Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus ; Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz (ed.). Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 298.— Rothschild, 1916. Novit. Zool. 23 (3): 311, pl. 6, figs 5 (larva), 6 (pupa); biol.— Bates, 1932. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 27 (3): 158; biol.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 38; syn.: aurivillii .—Boos, 1985- 1986. Living World 1986: 32.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408, 409 (figs male d, v, female d).— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 234, 237, 285 figs 12a, b (male d, v), fig. 13b (female d, v).— Penz et al., 1999. Jour. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 149; host plant.—Andrade, 2002, in Costa et al. Monogr. Terc. Milenio, Zaragoza, 2: 162.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 203; syn.: var. alba , aurivilli.—Coral-Acosta & Pérez-Torres, 2017. Rev. colomb. Ent. 43 (1): 95, 96.

Opsiphanes tamarindi spadix ; Blandin & Descimon, 1975. Ann. Soc. ent. France 11 (1): 8.

Opsiphanes bogotanus ssp.; D’Abrera, 1987 (Bristow Ms). Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 415 (fig. male, female d); Ecuador.

Opsiphanes tamarindi [misidentification]; Vélez & Salazar, 1991. Marip. Colombia, p. 155, fig. 181 (fig. v); biol.—Salazar & Henao, 2000, in Parra; Vargas & Tabares. Marip. Manizales, p. 78, figs 4, 5 (male d, v), 6 (female d).

Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 . Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 234, 237, figs 12e (male d, v), 13c (female d, v); holotype male, II[-1897], Paramba [Imbabura], Ecuador, 3500 ft., Rosenberg leg.; NHMUK.—Moreno et al., 1998. Marip. Ecuador, p. 122, (male v), 155.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204. Syn. nov.

Opsiphanes bogoteus [sic]; Cassildé et al., 2012. Ann. Soc. ent. France 48 (1/2): 177, 180, 182, figs 1a, 1b, 3, 5 (phylogenetic tree).

Taxonomic history. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus was treated as a subspecies of Opsiphanes tamarindi by Stichel (1902, 1904, 1907, 1909). According to the original description and illustration by Waterhouse (1881) the type material likely came from the Oriental Colombian Cordillera. Fruhstorfer (1912) indicated Muzo; Fassl (1914b) stated that it does not occur in Bogotá; Blandin (1977) cited the Magdalena Valley; D’Abrera (1987) cited Western slope of the Andes and the Cauca Valley; and Bristow (1991) also cited the Cauca Valley.

Stichel (1907) synonymized Opsiphanes aurivillii with Opsiphanes bogotanus , citing the illustration of Waterhouse (1881). Bristow (1991) synonymized Opsiphanes aurivillii with Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus , noting that the identity of Opsiphanes aurivillii is doubtful. Although the description is detailed, the variation allows us to consider this taxon as a synonym of either Opsiphanes tamarindi or Opsiphanes bogotanus . Opsiphanes aurivillii was never illustrated, which makes identification difficult. The type locality is not known either, and both Opsiphanes tamarindi and Opsiphanes bogotanus occur in Colombia. Stichel (1907) probably examined the specimen used by Röber (1906), a reason to synonymize the taxon with Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus .

Stichel (1908) described Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix and in 1909 mentioned it as a form of Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus , which was followed by Bristow (1991). Stichel (1925) and Casagrande (2004) considered Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix a synonym of Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus . Blandin & Descimon (1975) raised it to subspecific rank as Opsiphanes tamarindi spadix , but they did not fulfil the conditions specified in Art. 45.5.1 to make the name available.

In the original description of Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes , the type locality is the Río Negro , on the Eastern side of the Oriental Colombian Cordillera. Blandin (1977) considered it to be Amazonian, and D’Abrera (1987) and Bristow (1991) suggested that it occurs in the Magdalena Valley.

Type material. Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875 was described based on an unknown number of specimens from Bogotá [Cundinamarca, Colombia]. Waterhouse (1881, pl. 55) stated in the preface of his study that he illustrated the type of Opsiphanes bogotanus from a specimen belonging to Mr. Horniman. This information was indirectly confirmed by Stichel (1902, p. 510), who transcribed the reply of W. L. Distant: “the figure in Waterhouse’s “Aid” of my Opsiphanes was taken from the actual type specimen”. According to Horn et al. (1990), the types from the Horniman collection were transferred to the British Museum (N. H.) [ NHMUK]. Bristow (1991), M. M. Casagrande, O. H. H. Mielke, and G. Lamas did not find the type material at the NHMUK, or at the Horniman Museum. Therefore, a male neotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875 is hereby designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon. The selected neotype specimen has the same morphological characters as the male illustrated by Waterhouse (1881, pl. 55), D’Abrera (1987) and Bristow (1991), comes from Col[ombia], Boyacá, Otanche, and is deposited at the DZUP, with the following labels: / NEOTYPUS / OM 35.330/ VI-1993 Col[ombia]. Boyacá, Otanche Le Crom leg./ BC-OM/ Neotypus Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/.

Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix Stichel, 1902 was described based on an unknown number of specimens from Balzapamba, [Bolívar], Ecuador, July, R. Haensch [leg.]. Bristow (1991) mentioned that the male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Typus/ Type/ Ecuador Balzapamba e. c. H. Stichel/ ab. spadix. tamarindi fa. Stich./ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1./. This definition of holotype by Bristow (1991) was a mistake, as infrasubspecific names are excluded from the provisions of the ICZN (Art. 1.3.4) and thus have no name-bearing types.

Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906 was described based on a male [holotype] from Colombia. Bristow (1991), M. M. Casagrande, O. H. H. Mielke, and G. Lamas did not find this specimen. Therefore, a male neotype of Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906 is hereby designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon. The specimen selected as neotype is the same here designated as the neotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875 , as interpreted by Stichel (1909, 1932) and Casagrande (2004), is deposited at the DZUP, and the following label will be attached: / Neotypus Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/.

Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Alto Río Negro , [Meta], Colombia, 800 m, Fassl leg. In the RMS collection, where part of the Fruhstorfer types are deposited, G. Lamas (pers. comm.) found a male syntype corresponding to the original description, with the following labels: / Ober. Rio Negro Ost Colomb. 800 m. Coll. Fassl/ Opsiphanes prataphernes [sic] ♂ Fruhst./ bogotanus Dist. var./. In order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon, this specimen is hereby designated as the lectotype, and the following labels will also be attached: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotypus Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/.

Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 was described based on the holotype male, illustrated by D’Abrera (1987) and Bristow (1991). The holotype is deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ Paramba, 3500’ II.97. dry season. (Rosenberg)./ Rothschild Bequest B. M. 1939-1. / Ops. bogotanus blandini /.

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus differs from Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus stat. rest. in the color of the DFW oblique band, which ranges from white to light-yellow ( Figs 4–8 ).

Variation. FW, length: male 47–52 mm (n=8), female 59–60 mm (n=3).

Comments. After examination of the type material ( Figs 14–17 ) and the morphological variation found in a series of specimens, we consider as synonymous with Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 the following names: Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 syn. nov. and Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 syn. nov., because of the variability in morphological characters, mainly the color and width of the oblique band on the DFW. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus is sympatric with Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi stat. nov.

Natural history. Egg cream-yellow with narrow longitudinal stripes ( Fassl 1909). The last-instar larva has a reddish-orange longitudinal median band; this character can be used for species identification ( Miller et al. 2006). Pupa green ( Fassl 1909; Rothschild 1916), with a gold spot laterally ( Rothschild 1916). The odor produced by the adult male’s abdominal glands resembles tar ( Krüger 1920).

Host plants: Musaceae : Musa sp. ( Rothschild 1916) ; Marantaceae : Calathea inocephala (Kuntze) H. Kenn. & Nicolson ( Bristow 1991) .

Geographic distribution. Panama (Colón, Panamá, Darién) ; Colombia (Nariño, Valle del Cauca, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Huila, Santander, Meta, Caquetá) ; Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Cotopaxi, Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Bolívar , Napo) ( Fig. 13 ), at altitudes between 100 and 1,600 m .

Temporal distribution. Throughout the year.

Etymology. Reference to Bogotá, Colombia.

Specimens examined. Photos of the “type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix Stichel, 1902; lectotypus of Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 syn. nov.; holotypus of Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 syn. nov., and the following specimens: neotypus of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 ; neotypus of Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906 . PANAMA: no data, 1 male, ex-coll. R. C. Shannon, US- NMENT01590839 (USNM). Colón — Gatún, 9-VII-70, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590840 (USNM), 10-X-1972, 1 male, H. L. King leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092359 (MGCL) (Fort Gulick), 15–22-IX-1977, 1 male, I– X-1977, 1 male, 24-III-1978, 1 female, ex-coll. A. Thurman, USNMENT01590836, 01590837, 01590842 (USNM); Piña, 14-XI-1982, 1 female, 100 m, 29-III-1971, 1 female, H. L. King leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092331, 1092333 (MGCL). Panamá —Cerro Campana, 18-VIII-1970, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590841 (USNM), 19-VIII-1970, 1 male, H. L. King leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092358 (MGCL), 800 m, 14-VIII-1978, 1 male, S. L. MacDonald leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092360 (MGCL); El Llano, 27-XII-1974, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590843 (USNM). Darién — 400 m, 9-VII-1981, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590838 (USNM). COLOMBIA: no data, 100 m, 16-V-1976, 1 male, DZ 42.915 (DZUP); 3 males, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USNMENT01590847, 01590850, 01590846 (USNM); 2 males, F. L. Sailsgo leg., USNMENT01590848, 01590849 (USNM); 2 males, AMNH_IZC 00197464, 00197467 (AMNH); 10 males, 3 females, F. Ovalle leg., AMNH_IZC 00352670–00352682 (AMNH). no department —El Centro, 1 female, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00197469 (AMNH). Nariño —Ricaurte, 20-IX-1980, 1 male, Schmidt-Mumm leg., DZ 42.916 (DZUP). Valle del Cauca — Darién (Lago Calima), 19-VII-1981, 1 male, Schmidt-Mumm leg., DZ 42.914 (DZUP); Cali, 1,000 m, 16-IV-1970, 1 male, 1 female, XII-1980, 1 male, Denhez leg., DZ 2521, 42.917, 42.919 (DZUP), (Pance), 1,200 m, 22-I-1989, 1 male, J. Sullivan leg., USNMENT01590765 (USNM). Cundinamarca — San Antonio de Yacopí , X-1933, 1 male, UF FLMNH MGCL 1092370 (MGCL). Boyacá —Otanche, VI-1993, male, Le Crom leg., OM 35.330 (DZUPOM); Muzo, V-1978, 2 males, OM 12.484, 12.485 (DZUP—OM); Tunja (La Soledad— Río Opón region), 650– 1,500 m, 27-XII-1945, 1 male, XII-1945, 1 male, L. Richter leg., AMNH_IZC 00115476, 00197468 (AMNH), 850 m, 15-II-1946, 1 male, 750– 1,000 m, 28-XI-1945, 1 male, L. Richter leg., ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00197462, 00197463 (AMNH). Huila —La Plata, 1,500 m, 31-VII-1963, 1 male, Schmidt-Mumm leg., DZ 42.918 (DZUP). Santander — Río Suárez , 900– 1,000 m, 11–28-VIII-1946, 1 male, L. Richter leg., AMNH_IZC 00115477 (AMNH). Meta —Alto Río Negro , 800 m, 1 male, 1 female, Fassl leg., ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USNMENT01590844, 01590851 (USNM). Caquetá —San Vicente del Caguán (Parque Nacional Natural Cordillera de los Picachos), 2.789980 N, – 74.855645W, 1,530 m, 1-XII-1997, 1 male, Giovanny Fagua leg., GIO 1202 (GIO); Yari, 11-XI-1989, 1 male, OM 39.290 (DZUP—OM). ECUADOR: no data, 1 male, ex-coll. G. MacBean, USNMENT01590853 (USNM). Ecuador Ocidente —no locality, VII-1919, 1 female, ex-coll. E. W. Rorer, USNMENT01590735 (USNM), 550 m, 1-VI-1978, 1 male, 11-VI-1978, 1 male, USNMENT00941137, 00941138 (USNM). Esmeraldas —Reserva Río Canandé , 00º28′S, 79º12′W, 400 m, 9-XI-2006, 1 male, 27-IX-2006, 1 male, N. Velasco & F. Checa leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092371, 1092372 (MGCL). Cotopaxi — San Francisco de las Pampas, 1,600 m, 18–19-VII-1987, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 15.649 (DZUP—OM). Pichincha —Toachi, 00º19.3′S, 78º57.1W, 800 m, 28-IV-2000, 1 male, S. R. Green & A. Tapia leg., AMNH_IZC 00115389 (AMNH); Tandapi (= Cornejo Astorga), 100 m, 22–23- VII-1987, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 16.334 (DZUP—OM). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas —Santo Domingo de los Colorados (Tinalandia), 1983, 1 male, 1 female, USNMENT01590744, 01590852 (USNM), VI-1983, 1 male, ex-coll. C. Hair, USNMENT01590717 (USNM), 650 m, 5-VI-1972, 1 female, XI-1972, 1 male, Vénédictoff leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092335, 1092374 (MGCL), (12 km E), 750–850 m, 10-V-1988, 2 males, 1 female, 12-V-1988, 1 male, G. T. Austin leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092375–1092377, 109233410 (MGCL), 850 m, 16-V-1986, 1 male, 9-V-1992, 1 male, 750–850 m, V-1988, 1 male, T. C. Emmel leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092700–1092702 (MGCL), 5–10-V-2002, 1 male, P. F. Milner leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092378 (MGCL); Alluriquín, 10–20-VII-1990, 1 male, I. A. Villafuerte leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092373 (MGCL). Bolívar —Balzapamba, 1 male, UF FLMNH MGCL 1092379 (MGCL), 1 male, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USNMENT01590739 (USNM). Ecuador Oriente— no locality, 1 male, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115433 (AMNH). Napo — Río Napo, 10-IV-1985, 1 male, P. F. Milner leg., UF FLMNH MGCL 1092380 (MGCL).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Panama: (FLMNH MGCL 1092359-MGCL) Colón; b. Ecuador: (FLMNH MGCL 1092376-MGCL) Santo Domingo de Los Colorados. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE5.OpsiphanesbogotanusbogotanusDistant,1875:Male,dorsalandventralviews:Colombia:a.(USNMENT01590844- USNM) Rio Negro superior, Coll. Fassl, b. (OM 12.484-DZUP—OM) Muzo.

FIGURE 6. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Colombia: a. (AMNH_IZC 00115478-AMNH), b. (AMNH_IZC 00115479-AMNH) Muzo.

FIGURE 7. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Panama: (USN- MENT01590843-USNM) El Llano; b. Ecuador: (USNMENT01590852-USNM) Tinalândia. The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “cassiae group”.

FIGURE 8. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Colombia: a. (AMNH_IZC 00197471-AMNH) Muzo, b. (USNMENT01590851-USNM) Rio Negro superior, Coll. Fassl.

FIGURE 11. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 42.919-DZUP; CMBUT1221-19). The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “cassiae group”.

FIGURE 12. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 2521-DZUP).

FIGURE 13. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 and Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest.

FIGURE 14. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Neotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 and Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 15. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix Stichel, 1902 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 16. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Lectotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 17. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Holotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.