Opsiphanes cuspidatus Stichel, 1904

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 228

Opsiphanes cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.

( Figs 213–218 )

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. is distinguished from Opsiphanes invirae by the DFW without an isolated spot in the discal cell and by the oblique yellow band that may or may not reach 2A. Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. has the FW with a more acute apex than in Opsiphanes invirae ( Fig. 213 ). Geographical distributions can also be used to separate the two species; while Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. subspecies are trans-Andean, Opsiphanes invirae subspecies are cis-Andean. Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. as closely related to Opsiphanes invirae ( Fig. 2 ) (1.9–2.8% genetic distance).

Male genitalia. Not examined.

Female genitalia. Not examined.

Comments. Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. is distinguished from Opsiphanes invirae by the DFW without an isolated spot in the discal cell and by the oblique yellow band that may or may not reach 2A. Geographical distributions can also be used to separate the two species; while Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. subspecies are transAndean, Opsiphanes invirae subspecies are cis-Andean. Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes cuspidatus stat. nov. as closely related to Opsiphanes invirae ( Fig. 2 ) (1.9–2.8% genetic distance).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 213. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (US- NMENT01590176-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590180-USNM) Alajuela; Panama: c. (USNMENT01590198-USNM), d. (US- NMENT01590199-USNM) Colón; Colombia: e. (AMNH_IZC 00352466-AMNH) Santander; Ecuador: f. (FLMNH MGCL 1092434-MGCL) Pichincha. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species. Gray arrows indicate some diagnostic characters of the “invirae subgroup”.

FIGURE 214. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USNMENT01590188-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590191-USNM) Alajuela.

FIGURE 215. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Costa Rica: (USNMENT01590183-USNM) Guanacaste; b. Panama: (FLMNH MGCL 1092397-MGCL) Colón.

FIGURE 216. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov.

FIGURE 217. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 218. Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov. [Holotype] of Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.