Bruchopria Kieffer, 1921: 38

MASNER, LUBOMÍR & GARCÍA R, JOSÉ LUIS, 2002, The Genera Of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) In The New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (268), pp. 1-138 : 39-51

Bruchopria Kieffer, 1921: 38 .

Aulatopria Brèthes, 1927a: 163 . NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium­sized (2.5–2.7 mm) individuals; body light to dark brown, legs and antenna lighter, body smooth and highly shining with abundant pilosity and unique fine velvety upright micropilosity on propodeum and petiole; foamy structures not developed; antennal formula 13–13; female clava nonabrupt, multisegmented; male A3 subequal to or longer than A4; pronotum posteromedially (in front of mesoscutum) strongly raised, sharply carinate; scutellum without any pits; metapleuron and propodeum covered with velvety, dense, fine upright micropilosity; submarginal vein in forewing considerably remote from foremargin of wing; petiole very short and broad, transversely subrectangular, covered with velvety, dense, fine upright micropilosity; anterior margin of syntergite not notched medially.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view globose, frons unarmed; antennal shelf well developed in front of toruli; temple very long; head in lateral view slightly higher than long; antennal shelf moderately projecting; level of toruli at midpoint of eye; eye remarkably small, distinctly shorter than malar space, subcircular, with small ommatidia; oral carina not developed; outer margin of postgena with dense hairy cushion; occipital flange present but narrow and not steplike, noncrenulate; head in frontal view with clypeus almost flat, epistomal sulcus indicated by relatively deep depression; labrum not exposed; malar sulcus not developed, area between lower orbit and mandibular condyle large; tentorial pit not developed; mandible clasped, strong, bidentate, lower tooth longer; palpi very short, palpal formula 4–2; head in frontal view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antennal formula 13–13; scape long, cylindrical, with apical rim only moderately excavate ventrally, rim not produced into flaps; female clava nonabrupt, multisegmented, clavomeres not flattened ventrally, A13 without ventral pit; male A3 subequal to or longer than A4, A3 and particularly A4 sexually modified, A5–A13 very short, almost beadlike, subclavate. MESO­ SOMA. Mesosoma moderately elongate, as high as wide, moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view strongly developed both medially and at sides; cervix strongly developed; pronotal shoulders almost rectangular but rounded at corners; pronotum posteromedially (in front of mesoscutum) strongly raised, sharply carinate, slightly notched medially (better seen in lateral view); side of pronotum moderately convex, smooth and shining, with few scattered hairs, with only moderate strip of denser pilosity along anterior margin; epomium not developed; mesoscutum almost as long as wide, moderately convex, with scattered long erect hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not developed; notaulus not developed; humeral and posthumeral sulci not developed; scutellum without any pits, scutellar disc only slightly convex, without median keel, lateral keels indistinct; axillar carina strongly developed, almost bladelike; posterior margin of axilla rounded, axillar depression small, shallow, weakly defined; mesopleuron only moderately convex, smooth, shining, with only few scattered hairs; median oblique depression not developed; epicnemial pit minute; sternaulus not developed; posterior margin of mesopleuron smooth, noncrenulate; metanotum moderately developed, dorsellum with three short longitudinal keels; metapleuron covered with velvety fine, upright, dense micropilosity; propodeum relatively large but short, covered with dense fine velvety upright micropilosity, median keel shortly raised anteriorly; plica not developed; posterior margin of propodeum not rimlike, with posterolateral corners blunt; nucha extremely short; wing relatively long and narrow, distinctly surpassing tip of metasoma, apex round, with moderate marginal cilia; submarginal vein in forewing not exceeding basal third of wing length, vein considerably remote from foremargin of wing; marginal vein short, almost wedgelike; stigmal vein rudimentary, no other veins present; submarginal vein in hind wing incomplete, hyaline; wings often bitten off by ants; legs relatively long and strong; hind tibia gradually incrassate toward apex. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pedunculate; petiole very short and broad, transversely subrectangular, covered with velvety dense fine, upright micropilosity, smooth, without longitudinal keels; anterior margin of syntergite as wide as petiole, not notched medially, syntergite and following tergites covered with numerous long, semierect, golden hairs.

TYPE SPECIES: Bruchopria pentatoma Kieffer.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among the genera of Spilomicrini , Bruchopria is unique principally because of the fine velvety pilosity of the metapleuron, propodeum, and petiole. The carinate posteromedian margin of pronotum is also peculiar to Bruchopria . The latter two apomorphies are interpreted as adaptations for association with host ants. Within the Spilomicrini , Bruchopria is closest to Spilomicrus , from which it also differs by the structure of the scutellum which is devoid of all pits. Aulatopria is presently made junior synonym of Bruchopria (see above) (types examined).

DISTRIBUTION: Two species are known from South America ( Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay): B. pentatoma Kieffer and B. tucumana (Brèthes) , new combination.

BIOLOGY: The type species was observed among fire ants ( Solenopsis richteri Forel and Solenopsis sp. ), the second species was reared from pupae of Billaea claripalpis (Wulp) ( Diptera , Tachinidae ).

Chilomicrus , new genus Figures 32, 33

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium to large­sized (2–4 mm) individuals; body color predominantly brownish, mesosoma frequently lighter than head and metasoma, reddish brown to almost orange, sometimes partly black, appendages usually lighter than rest of body; head and mesosoma predominantly smooth and shining but frequently with large deep setigerous punctures, body with abundant pilosity but no distinct hairy cushions and no foamy structures; labrum not exposed; antennal formula 14–14; A1 with moderate flaps apically; epomium not developed; anterior scutellar pit subreniform, not clearly divided medially; axillar and lateral pits of scutellum not developed; sternaulus at most weakly developed; forewing with basal vein tracheate, vein straight, nonarcuate, perpendicular to submarginal vein; anterior margin of syntergite with deep long median cleft.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view subrectangular to subquadrate, slightly wider than long, with shelf and toruli strongly projecting; toruli connected with carina, carina sometimes with slight median declivity; temples subequal to or longer than length of eye; head in lateral view with antennal shelf well developed; level of toruli at lower half of eye; eye ovoid, slightly higher than long, with long pilosity; oral carina not developed; postgenal cushion not developed; occipital flange moderate to minute, rarely with indication of crenulae; head in frontal view with face moderately elongate; clypeus moderately to distinctly convex, relatively small, subcircular; epistomal depression shallow; anterior margin of clypeus relatively narrow, straight, not flexed; labrum not exposed; malar sulcus usually not developed; lower gena typically without striae, in one species with short fan of striae; tentorial pit absent; mandible short, strong, bidentate, lower tooth longer than upper tooth, lower margin of mandible (from condyle to tip) moderately to distinctly arcuate; mandibular condyle broad, strong; palpi long and slen­ der, palpal formula 5–2; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antennal formula 14–14; A1 long and slender; apex with moderate flaps, distinctly emargin­ ate ventrally; base of A 2 in both sexes strongly compressed between A1 flaps; female antenna with moderate to strong, nonabrupt, multisegmented clava (4–5), clavomeres progressively thickened, moderately to distinctly flattened ventrally, A14 always largest and longest, without ventral pit; male antenna filiform, with moderately long scattered nonverticillate hairs, A3 slightly longer than or subequal to A 4 in length, A4 moderately constricted basally, with distinct longitudinal carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately robust, slightly wider than high, slightly to distinctly flattened dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with distinct cervix, shoulders prominent but rounded; side of pronotum moderately concave, mostly smooth and glabrous, with more distinct pilosity along anterior margin; epomium not developed; posterior margin of pronotum (between forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenulate, at most with setigerous punctures; lower part of propleuron (right above forecoxa) often with raised carina or irregular crenulae, glabrous, upper part of propleuron hairy; mesoscutum semicircular, moderately to distinctly wider than long, smooth and shining, often with deep scattered setigerous punctures, punctures sometimes very large; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines usually present as weak to moderate depressions; notaulus percurrent, arched, not distinctly dilat­ ed posteriorly, noncrenulate, not directly contiguous with transscutal articulation; humeral and suprahumeral sulcus extremely narrow, humeral sulcus sharply rimed externally; anterior scutellar pit subreniform, not clearly divided medially; scutellar disc flat, subquadratic, with lateral keels weakly prominent, axillar pit not developed, lateral pit not developed, usually obscured by deep setigerous punctures; posterior scutellar pits usually crenulate; posterior margin of axilla rounded, axillar depression large and hairy, axillar keel relatively well developed, sharp; mesopleuron almost flat, only slightly convex, smooth shining, predominantly glabrous, median oblique depression not defined; epicnemial pit moderate to strongly developed, with abundant pilosity; sternaulus usually not developed, sometimes rudimentary (posterad epicnemial pit), rarely weakly developed; posterior margin of mesopleuron partly to entirely crenulate; metanotum relatively strongly developed; dorsellum only moderately projecting with three short longitudinal keels and abundant pilosity; metapleuron rough rugulose and with dense pilosity; propodeum relatively long; median keel moderately to distinctly raised medially, pointed; plica usually well developed; posterior margin of propodeum sharply excavate medially with four blunt corners (upper and lower ones) posterolaterally; propodeum intensely hairy dorsally and laterally; nucha moderately well developed; forewing relatively long, rounded apically, with moderately long marginal cilia; wing venation in forewing distinctly surpassing basal third of wing length; costa and submarginal vein strongly developed, tracheate, costal cell moderately wide, marginal vein moderately to distinctly elongate, stigmal and postmarginal vein short, together enclosing sharp angle; postmarginal vein sometimes strongly reduced; basal vein tracheate, straight, nonarcuate, perpendicular to submarginal vein; posterior part of M vein sometimes tracheate (near foot of basal vein); other veins at most lightly nebulous; hind wing with tracheate submarginal vein, basal cell not developed; wings sometimes shortened, not exceeding base of metasoma; legs moderately long, femora distinctly clavate, apex of foretibia (on dorsal side) usually with strong curved spine. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pedunculate; petiole slightly elongate, cylindrical, usually with irregular longitudinal ridges and abundant pilosity on all sides, with only moderate anterior flap; metasoma past petiole moderately elongate, considerably flattened dorsally, anterior margin of syntergite with deep long median cleft, cleft usually flanked by short lateral emarginations; apex of metasoma in female short and pointed; apical sternite short, flat, bluntly triangular; base of S2 sometimes with two or three deep grooves basally.

TYPE SPECIES: Chilomicrus pecki , new species (described below).

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Chilomicrus may be placed at the base of the tribe Spilomicrini largely because of its most plesiomorphic antennal formula (14–14). However, the perpendicular basal vein in the forewing is considered a unique, highly derived state of wing venation, conveniently distinguishing this new genus from all members of the Spilomicrini . Among the genera of Spilomicrini , Chilomicrus differs from Pentapria also by the structure of the anterior scutellar fovea, the structure of the side of the pronotum, and by the relatively high pointed median keel of the propodeum. From Epomium and Ferrugenus it differs principally by the absence of the epomium and the lack of closed cell in hind wing.

ETYMOLOGY: From chilo, in reference to Chile; and micros, in reference to Spilomicrus . The gender is masculine.

DISTRIBUTION: The present known distribution of the genus is in the Valdivian forest of Chile; one Chilean species is known to us from the dry Coquimbo region. Altogether we examined approximately 10 undescribed species (CNCI).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Chilomicrus pecki , new species Figures 32, 33

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, 3: Length 3.6 mm; body distinctly bicolored, head and metasoma past petiole predominantly black, mandible, clypeus, antennal shelf, palpi, mesosoma, petiole antenna, and legs including coxae reddish brown; mesopleuron (especially median part) dark brown; forewing slightly infuscate especially in median part (below stigmal vein), basal vein distinctly pigmented. HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly wider than long (68:61, shelf includ­ ed), subrectangular, with scattered setigerous punctures; OOL distinctly longer than LOL (13:5); temple only moderately bulging, shorter than eye (19:23), only moderately receding; toruli connected anteriorly by shelf, shelf very lightly sinuate medially, gap between toruli shorter than diameter of torulus; head in lateral view slightly higher than long (67:61), eye moderately higher than long (34:23); eye height: malar space (34:15); head in frontal view with vertex distinctly topped around ocellar triangle, outer margin of gena slightly bulging; antennal shelf medially with irregular transverse rugulosity; A1 entirely smooth without microsculpture, with scattered setigerous punctures; antennal segments in relative proportions (55:10), (11: 8), (31:8), (24:9), (21:8), (21:7.5), (21:7.5), (20:7.5), (21:7.5), (21:7.5), (21:7), (21:7), (20.5:7), (31:6.5); hairs on A3–A14 shorter than width of antennomeres; A4 with sharp longitudinal keel exceeding basal half of segment. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than wide (130:85); pronotum dorsally densely hairy, hairs not forming cushion; side of pronotum moderately concave with abundant pilosity dorsally and anteriorly, with moderate setigerous punctures on margin and shoulder, with single deep pit diagonally below spiracle, with several longitudinal rugae above forecoxa and with three deep setigerous punctures along posterior margin; propleuron with irregular rugose crenulae above forecoxa, propleuron predominantly smooth in upper part; mesoscutum with parapsidal line deeply impressed, groovelike; anterior parallel lines not developed; notaulus only indistinctly broadened basally, not contiguous with transscutal articulation; median lobe and scapulae with very few medium­sized setigerous punctures; anterior scutellar pit as wide as space between outer margins of notauli; axilla with 4–5 larger setigerous punctures; posterior margin of mesopleuron with 4–5 transverse crenulae in lower half; propodeum in dorsal view with median keel extending posteriorly to basal third and here forked; space between median keel and plica with dense appressed pilosity; posterior margin of propodeum with posterolateral corners projecting but not pointed; apex of foretibia dorsally with distinct curved spine. META­ SOMA. Petiole only moderately elongate (35:23), with irregular longitudinal rugulosity, with slightly pointed protuberance on each side in anterior third; metasoma past petiole longer than wide (115:71); cleft on anterior base of syntergite not exceeding basal third of syntergite, anterolateral corners of syntergite with short hairy incision; posterior margin of syntergite without micropunctures, with two rows of long semierect hairs; following tergites with one row of hairs each.

FEMALE: Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: 263. Holotype, 3 ( CNCI no. 22451), CHILE, Alto de Vilches, 70 km E Talca, December 5, 1984 – February 20, 1985, S. & J. Peck, Nothofagus forest, FIT, 1300 m. Paratypes, 253, same data as holotype ( AMNH, BMNH, CNCI, MIZA).

ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon­ or of Dr. S. B. Peck (Carleton University, Ottawa) who collected many diapriid wasps in Chile.

DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

VARIATION: Considerable variation exists in crenulation of posterior margin of mesopleuron; extreme cases are specimens with crenulae indicated only at base to those with margin entirely crenulate.

Doddius , new genus Figures 39, 40

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Large individuals (4–6 mm); body color from light to dark brown, rarely parts of body reddish, body sculpture often rough rugose (head, mesosoma, petiole), less frequently smooth, with abundant pilosity, but no hairy cushions or foamy structures; antennal shelf not developed, toruli separated by gap, in some species toruli almost contiguous but not connected by carina; cheek and gena with fan of strong striae reaching lower orbit, striae obscuring malar sulcus; forewing with marginal vein remarkably elongate, vein longer than its distance from junction of basal and submarginal veins; marginal vein 3.3–5.5 times longer than stigmal vein; petiole remarkably elongate, pencil­like, slightly shorter (females) or longer (males) than rest of metasoma; anterior margin of syntergite with deep slit or emargination medially.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view transverse, subrectangular; temples long, distinctly rounded; toruli separated by gap or almost contiguous, not connected by carina; head in lateral view with antennal shelf not developed, level of toruli in lower half of eye; eye subovate; oral carina not developed; occipital flange narrow, sometimes crenulate; postgenal cushion not developed; head in frontal view with long face; mandible short but strong, bidentate, lower tooth distinctly longer; clypeus considerably convex, narrow, higher than wide, with anterior margin almost flexed; epistomal sulcus not defined; labrum not exposed; tentorial pits small; malar sulcus obscured by fan of strong striae radiating on cheeks and gena from tentorial pit to lower margin of eye; head in ven­ tral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; palpi long and slender; palpal formula 5–2; antenna in both sexes 13­segmented; A1 elongate, distinctly longer than A3; apical rim of A1 not emarginate ventrally, female antenna usually with light nonabrupt clava, clavomeres gradually incrassate, A13 always longest and widest; male antenna filiform with scattered fine pilosity, A4 modified, usually only moderately bent, with longitudinal carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, as high as wide, highly convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with long cervix and prominent but rounded shoulders, side of pronotum without hairy cushion, but often with very dense pilosity; epomium developed, usually obscured by rugulose sculpture; mesoscutum strongly convex; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines usually well impressed, notaulus complete, noncrenulate, deeply incised, often moderately dilated basally; humeral and suprahumeral sulci deep but narrow, usually noncrenulate; anterior scutellar pit large and deep, wider than long, with two or more longitudinal keels on bottom; scutellar disc slightly to distinctly convex with no lateral keels and no lateral scutellar pits; posterior scutellar pits well developed; posterior margin of axilla distinctly rounded, gently sloping into shallow axillar depression; mesopleuron moderately convex, with moderate median oblique depression; epicnemial pit large, often rugose; sternaulus often developed, but sometimes replaced by rough rugosity; posterior margin of mesopleuron (above mid coxa) with row of crenulae or transverse pits; metanotum relatively broad, dorsellum usually with three subequal keels obscured by dense pilosity, median keel rarely produced into long spine; metapleuron distinctly rugose, partly hairy; propodeum generally hairy, in dorsal view moderately elongate, with median keel and posterolateral corners only slightly elevated; plica not developed; posterior margin of propodeum not distinctly rimed; nucha short; forewing long and large, usually infuscate, and/or maculate, rounded apically, with fairly long marginal cilia; costa often less pigmented than submarginal vein, costal cell relatively broad; marginal vein remarkably elongate, 3.3–5.56 times longer than stigmal vein, slightly longer than section of submar­ ginal vein from junction with basal vein; stigmal vein short, slightly slanted toward marginal vein; postmarginal vein rudimentary; basal vein tracheate, not arcuate, joining submarginal vein at acute angle; posterior part of M vein (past basal vein) tracheate up to short nebulous stem of 1m –cu; Rs and Cu usually deeply pigmented, nebulous; hind wing with complete submarginal vein, tracheate basal vein, and nebulous continuation of M vein; no short­winged or apterous forms known; legs long and slender, especially trochanter and base of femur. META­ SOMA. Petiole remarkably elongate, pencillike, usually slightly shorter (females) or longer (males) than rest of metasoma, anterior margin of petiole funnelled into flange partially overlapping posterior margin of nucha, surface of petiole either partly longitudinally costate or with transverse rough rugosity; anterior margin of syntergite with deep slit or emargination medially; apex of metasoma past petiole in female either blunt, with apical sternite short, or pointed, long, conical, with apical sternite strongly compressed, plow­shaped; base of S2 anterolaterally with two sharp keels flanking posterior apex of petiole.

TYPE SPECIES: Bakeria rugosa Dodd , by present designation and new combination.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Doddius is distinct among the Spilomicrini because of the strongly striate cheeks and the unusually long marginal vein in the forewing. Most species known to us exhibit rough rugose sculpture, especially on the mesoscutum and scutellum; however, we know also a number of species with these parts almost entirely smooth. Doddius is related to Entomacis (especially its primitive group of species in Chile), Poecilopsilus , and Xenismarus largely because of similar structure of mesosoma (e.g., mesopleuron), the toruli, apical rim of the A1 and the wing venation of the forewing.

ETYMOLOGY: The only known species of this genus was described by Dodd (1920) un­ der the name Bakeria rugosa from Guerrero ( Mexico). Dodd (op. cit.) indicated that the species may in fact represent an undescribed genus. It is our pleasure to dedicate this new genus in his memory; the gender is masculine.

DISTRIBUTION: At present some 25 undescribed species are known to us from Central and South America (all in CNCI). Most species were collected in Costa Rica, Venezuela (including top of Auyán Tepui), and Ecuador; the northernmost point of distribution is with Doddius rugosus (Dodd) from Mexico (Guerrero), the southern limit with one frequent species in the Valdivian forest in Chile and one isolated species in eastern Brazil (Sierra Bocaina).

BIOLOGY: Hosts are unknown. Adults of Doddius are frequently encountered in moist, cool habitats such as cloud forests, upper mountain forests and paramo, in elevations from 850 m to over 4000 m.

Entomacis Foerster

Figures 48, 49, 50

Entomacis Foerster, 1856: 121 , 123.

Hemilexis Foerster, 1856: 121 , 123, 127. Synon­

ymized by Dalla Torre, 1898a.

Glyphidopria Haliday, 1857: 172 . An objective

junior synonym of Entomacis Foerster.

Hemilexodes Ashmead, 1893: 386 , 399. Synony­

mized by Masner and Muesebeck in Krombein

and Burks, 1967.

Adeliopria Ashmead, 1902: 15 . Synonymized by

Masner, 1964a:123–155.

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Small to medium­sized (1–3 mm), gracile individuals; body color usually brown, rarely bright yellow­orange or almost black, smooth and highly shining; body either glabrous, without micropilosity, usually with sparse long semierect hairs dorsally, or body with abundant pilosity including dense semiappressed micropilosity at least on head; foamy structures not developed; antennal shelf not developed, toruli usually separated by gap, less frequently contiguous; anterior scutellar pit large, deep, subrectangular, without median keel, rarely with irregular longitudinal rugulosity on bottom; mesopleuron posteroventrally (above midcoxa) often with subcircular matte spot; wings usually long and slender, forewing frequently subtruncate to bilobate apically, with remarkably long marginal cilia, stigmal vein in forewing relatively very long, as long as or longer than marginal vein, slanted diagonally or almost perpendicular to marginal vein; metasoma past petiole distinctly elongate, anterior margin of syntergite very nar­ row, subequal in width to petiole, margin straight or notched, tergites past syntergites often very narrow forming broad short triangle, tergites sometimes telescoped under syntergite.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view usually globular, rarely slightly to moderately transverse, hypognathous with frons unarmed; temple long, distinctly rounded; head in lateral view with antennal shelf not developed, toruli separated by gap, rarely contiguous, level of toruli usually in middle of eye; eye subcircular, with ommatidia relatively large and convex; oral carina rarely developed; postgenal cushion not developed; occipital flange short but sharply defined; head in frontal view with long face, mandible short but strong, bidentate; clypeus moderately convex anterior margin of clypeus often rimlike; epistomal sulcus replaced by shallow declivity; labrum not exposed; tentorial pits usually well developed; malar sulcus absent, rarely in some species weakly developed; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; palpi slender and long, palpal formula 5–2; antenna in both sexes 13­segmented; A1 long and slender with apical rim unarmed and not emarginate ventrally; female antenna generally with light, nonabrupt multisegmented clava, rarely antennomeres 12 and 13 broadly approximated, seemingly confluent; male antenna usually filiform, A3 subequal to A4, A3–A13 with long hairs, A4 modified, usually with sharp carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, usually as high as wide, often highly convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix distinctly elongate and constrict­ ed; pronotal shoulders moderately to strongly projecting, side of pronotum without hairy cushion; epomium not developed; mesoscutum often strongly convex; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not developed; notaulus complete, abbreviate or absent; humeral and suprahumeral sulci present or absent; anterior scutellar pit large, deep, subrectangular, without median keel, rarely with irregular longitudinal rugulosity on bottom; scutellar disc subrectangular to subquadrate, with lateral keels often sharply pointed anteriorly; lateral scutellar pits reduced or absent; posterior scutellar pits rarely developed; posterior margin of axilla rounded; axillar depres­ sion large, deep usually smooth at bottom and glabrous; mesopleuron moderately convex, with moderate median oblique depression; epicnemial pit and carina present, rudimentary or absent; sternaulus not developed; mesopleuron posteroventrally (above midcoxa) often with subcircular matte spot, posterior margin of mesopleuron sometimes with row of crenulae or pits; dorsellum usually with three longitudinal keels, middle keel sometimes produced into short spine; metapleuron usually smooth and glabrous; propodeum generally hairy, in dorsal view short with median keel usually sharply projecting dorsally, posterolateral corners of propodeum usually acute, spikelike, posterior margin of propodeum rimlike, plicae well developed; wings usually long and slender, forewing frequently subtruncate to bilobate apically, with remarkably long marginal cilia, stigmal vein in forewing relatively very long, as long as or longer than marginal vein, slanted diagonally to almost perpendicular to marginal vein, marginal vein in one species not reaching foremargin of wing; forewing with costa rarely tubular, usually nebulous or absent; submarginal vein distinctly remote from foremargin of wing, distinctly surpassing basal third of wing, basal vein absent or nebulous, nonarcuate, joining submarginal vein at acute angle, posterior section of medial vein often nebulous, Rs, Cu, and posterior section of medial vein at most nebulous; hind wing with submarginal vein tubular or absent; wings may be shortened to stumps in several undescribed species; legs very long and slender, femora often subclavate in posterior half. METASOMA. Metasoma relatively slender and elongate, distinctly overlapped by wings; petiole moderately to distinctly elongate, cylindrical, usually with longitudinal keels, with few scattered hairs but no dense cushions of micropilosity; metasoma past petiole distinctly elongate, anterior margin of syntergite very narrow, subequal in width to petiole, margin somewhat elevat­ ed and flexed upward, with moderate to deep median notch and sometimes with additional crenulae or short striae at sides, rarely anterior margin not notched, tergites past syntergite usually very narrow, forming broad short triangle, tergites sometimes telescoped under syntergite.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Entomacis is a very large genus, especially in the Neotropical region with large numbers of undescribed species. Entomacis is related to Doddius and Poecilopsilus ; from Doddius it differs principally by the nonstriate cheeks and the ratio of marginal and stigmal veins, from Poecilopsilus by the structure of the notauli and the absence of a long median process on the dorsellum. Entomacis is represented by numerous undescribed species in the Valdivian forest of Chile (also in New Zealand and temperate Australia); these are considered the most primitive stock of the genus as exemplified by relatively complete venation of the forewing, more widely separated toruli, and the presence of epicnemial pit, epicnemial carina and the crenulae along the posterior margin of the mesopleuron. These species are also remarkable for dense micropilosity of the body.

DISTRIBUTION: Entomacis is nearly worldwide in its distribution; in the New World we examined specimens from Ellesmere Island in the high Arctic of Canada to Patagonia of Chile, with individuals occurring from lowland rainforest to the highest elevations in the Andes (paramo).

BIOLOGY: One species was reared from terrestrial Ceratopogonidae ; it is highly probable that the entire genus is associated with Ceratopogonidae , as exemplified by the occurrence of its members in wet, moist, semiaquatic habitats.

Epomium , new genus Figure 53

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium to large­sized (3.5– 4 mm) robust individuals; body color predominantly black with appendages lighter; head and mesosoma partly to predominantly roughly sculptured, head rugose­punctate, mesosoma with longitudinal keels and carinae and irregular rugose sculpture, shining, with abundant dense pilosity, no hairy cushions or foamy structures; clypeus slightly elongate, relatively narrow, with anterior margin projecting and flexed; apex of A1 deeply emarginate ventrally, with apical flaps well developed; epomium strongly developed, angular and pointed; scutellar pit bifoveate; forewing with costal cell very broad; upper part of basal vein strongly arcuate, bent backward; hind wing with closed basal cell, basal and median veins tracheate, but without pigment, almost transparent; anterior margin of syntergite with deep long median cleft.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly transverse, subrectangular, with shelf and toruli projecting; toruli connected with carina, carina sometimes with slight median declivity; temples subequal to or shorter than length of eye; head in lateral view with antennal shelf partly developed; level of torulus at midpoint of eye; eye subcircular, with long pilosity; oral carina not developed; postgenal cushion not developed; occipital flange moderate; head in frontal view with face relatively long; clypeus strongly convex, subtriangular; epistomal depression distinctly developed; anterior margin of clypeus strongly projecting and distinctly flexed; labrum not exposed; malar sulcus strongly developed; lower gena usually with fan of strong striae, striae rudimentary to absent in some species; tentorial pit minute or absent; mandible short, strong, bidentate, with lower tooth longer; palpi long and slender, palpal formula 5–2; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antennal formula 13–13; A1 long, typically widest at base and gradually tapering, apical rim deeply excavate ventrally, produced into two distinct flaps; A 2 in both sexes in dorsal view strongly compressed basally, wedge­shaped, fitting between flaps of A1; female clava nonabrupt, multisegmented (6–7 segments); clavomeres progressively thickened, only moderately flattened ventrally; A13 largest, slightly longer than A12, with no pit ventrally; male antenna filiform, with short scattered pilosity; A3 shorter than A1, longer than or subequal to A4; A4 only slightly emarginate, with longitudinal carina. ME­ SOSOMA. Mesosoma short, robust, wider than high, remarkably flattened dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with distinct cervix and sharply angular pronotal shoulders; side of pronotum considerably concave medially, mostly smooth and glabrous, with sharply carinate epomium, with dense pilosity in front of epomium; posterior margin of pronotum (between forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenulate, at most with one shallow pit; pro­ pleuron almost smooth, with short scattered appressed pilosity; mesoscutum almost semicircular, predominantly with coarse longitudinal rugulosity or longitudinal keels, with scattered semierect long hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines replaced by strong keels; notaulus percurrent, deeply compressed, noncrenulate; humeral and suprahumeral sulci developed, sometimes obscured by rugosity; anterior scutellar pit bifoveate, pits large, irregular, often obscured by rugosity; scutellar disc subquadrate, with lateral keels relatively well developed; axillar and lateral pits present but often obscured by rugosity; posterior scutellar pits always well developed; posterior margin of axilla sharp; axillar depression deep, filled with fine pilosity; mesopleuron almost flat, predominantly glabrous and smooth; median oblique depression not well defined; epicnemial pit deep, with abundant pilosity; sternaulus strongly developed, broad, noncrenulate; posterior margin of mesopleuron with several large irregular pits; metanotum relatively well developed; dorsellum distinctly elevat­ ed, with three short longitudinal keels and abundant pilosity; metapleuron rough rugulose, entirely hairy; propodeum moderately long, median keel moderately raised anteriorly; posterior margin of propodeum excavate medially, with four blunt corners (upper and lower ones) laterally; median part of propodeum less hairy, with more abundant pilosity at sides; plica often obscured by irregular keels on propodeum; nucha short, not distinctly exposed; forewing relatively short and narrow, rounded apically, with short marginal cilia; foremargin of forewing with series of long semierect bristles on costal vein; wing venation of forewing reaching middle of wing length; costa either tracheate or hyaline, submarginal vein strongly tracheate, costal cell moderately wide, marginal vein strongly pigmented, moderately elongate, rarely as long as wide, short stigmal vein slanted toward marginal vein, postmarginal vein rudimentary; basal vein tracheate, upper part of basal vein strongly arcuate, bent backward in acute angle with submarginal vein; posterior part of M vein partly tracheate; basal part of Rs, apex of M and often Cu nebulous; hind wing with tracheate submarginal vein and basal cell closed by tracheate veins, veins glassy without pigment; wings often shortened, not exceeding base of syntergite; legs moderately long, trochanters strongly elongate, anterior constrict­ ed part of femora relatively short. META­ SOMA. Metasoma long pedunculate; petiole distinctly elongate, cylindrical to subcylindrical, at least twice as long as wide, typically with longitudinal irregular carinae or with irregular rugulosity, generally glabrous dorsally, hairy ventrally, with moderate to distinct anterior flap; metasoma past petiole ovoid, moderately wider than high, only slightly convex dorsally; anterior margin of syntergite with deep cleft medially; apex of metasoma in female only shortly pointed, hypopygium broadly triangular, not distinctly compressed; anterior margin of S2 with moderate to strong rim.

TYPE SPECIES: Epomium cicatrix , new species (described below), by present designation.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Epomium is compared best with Ferrugenus , sharing with it several symplesiomorphic character states such as the basal cell in the hind wing enclosed by tracheate veins, tracheate basal vein in forewing, broad costal cell, etc. The two genera also share the strongly angular epomium and the deeply cleft anterior margin of the syntergite. Epomium differs from Ferrugenus by the structure of the clypeus, presence of malar sulcus, the structure of the apex of the A1, the remarkably flattened mesonotum, and by the striate gena in most species.

ETYMOLOGY: The name refers to the strong development of the epomium on the side of the pronotum; the gender is neuter.

DISTRIBUTION: Several species are known to us from the Valdivian forest in Chile. We also examined a member of Epomium from South Africa (relict forest in Drakensberg) suggesting possible Gondwanic origin of the genus.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Epomium cicatrix , new species Figure 53

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, ♀: Length 3.7 mm; head, mesosoma except tegula, petiole, A1 except for apex and coxae black, tegula,

palpi, apex of A1, A2–A7 reddish brown, legs dark brown, tarsi light brown, A8–A13 brown, metasoma past petiole dark brown; small brownish spot below stigmal vein in forewing. HEAD. Head in dorsal view slightly wider than long (72:64); occiput and temple with deep rough rugose punctures; temple distinctly shorter than eye (12:27), strongly receding; toruli separated by space subequal to their diameter; head in lateral view slightly higher than long (71:64), eye slightly higher than long (33:25); eye height larger than malar space (33:28); head in frontal view with space between toruli only slightly emarginate, with shallow declivity below; face smooth, with numerous setigerous punctures; tentorial pits small but distinct; striae on gena not exceeding half distance toward lower orbit; A1 predominantly smooth, with setigerous punctures, distinctly widest basally; antennal segments in relative proportions (57:13.5), (15:12), (27:9), (13: 9.5), (12:10), (11:10), (10:11), (10:12), (10: 12.5), (10:12.5), (10:12.5), (11:12.5), (17: 13). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than wide (125:80); pronotum dorsally rough rugose­punctate, with dense pilosity; side of pronotum considerably concave, smooth and mirrorlike­shining, with two rows of short hairs, one near posterior margin, another in middle; dorsal margin of pronotum (adjacent to mesoscutum) with three large irregular pits, margin of epomium very sharp, almost flexed; mesoscutum with anterior parallel lines replaced by strong keels, parapsidal lines also replaced by keels; median lobe of mesoscutum with percurrent central longitudinal keel and irregular shallow punctures posteromedially; humeral and suprahumeral sulci with some crenulae; anterior scutellar pits divided by low septum; axilla with two or three irregular large punctures; scutellar disc with several irregular longitudinal keels; posterior scutellar pits developed (4–5); mesopleuron predominantly glabrous, with deep longitudinal sulcus dorsally (below tegula); sternaulus broad, borded anteriorly by deep, hairy epicnemial pit; posterior margin of mesopleuron with three large irregular pits; propodeum in dorsal view with three large polygonal fields on each side of median keel; forewing only slightly exceeding tip of metasoma; marginal vein in forewing distinctly elongate (16:7); postmarginal vein rudimentary; stigmal vein distinctly shorter than marginal vein. METASOMA. Petiole pencil­like, distinctly longer than wide (46:20), with irregular longitudinal keels dorsally, otherwise smooth and shining, predominantly glabrous dorsally, with long semierect hairs laterally; syntergite longer than rest of metasoma (100: 62), smooth and shining, with only very few scattered hairs.

MALE: Unknown.

TYPE MATERIAL: 17♀. Holotype, ♀ ( CNCI no. 22454), CHILE, Malleco Prov. , 12 km E Malalcahuello, 1350 m, trap site 650, December 13–31, 1982, A. Ne wton and M. Thayer, Nothofagus dombeyi – Araucaria forest ; well preserved. Paratypes, 12♀, same data as holotype ; 2♀, Concepcion , Boca Bio­ Bio, May 24, 1957, no collector ; 1♀, Nuble Prov. Trancas, 1700 m, December 6, 1984 – February 4, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT ; 1♀, Malcho Prov. , Parral­Talca, January 12–26, 1993, L.E. Peña, mixed forest. All type material in CNCI .

ETYMOLOGY: From cicatrix (Latin) , meaning scarred, in reference to the rough sculpture on the head and mesosoma.

DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

VARIATION: No substantial variation encountered in the type series.

Ferrugenus , new genus Figures 54, 55b, 56

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium to large­sized (3.6 mm) robust individuals; body color predominantly reddish brown to ferrugineous, with appendages lighter; head, most of mesosoma and petiole predominantly rough rugose, shining, with abundant dense pilosity, no hairy cushions, and no foamy structures; apex of A1 not emarginate ventrally; A2 subquadrate, with sharply constricted base, A 3 in female remarkably elongate; epomium strongly developed, angular and pointed; notaulus deeply crenulated; scutellar pit bifoveate; axillar keels strongly developed, sharp; forewing with costal cell broad; marginal vein strongly developed, thick; postmarginal vein present; hind wing with closed basal cell, basal and median vein tracheate but without pigment, almost transparent, poste­ rior part of M rudimentary; anterior margin of syntergite with deep long median cleft.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view transverse, subrectangular, with shelf and toruli strongly projecting; temple relatively short, receding; toruli partly separated, with shallow emargination in between; head in lateral view with antennal shelf partly developed; level of torulus distinctly at lower arc of eye; eye subcircular, with long pilosity; oral carina absent; postgenal cushion not developed; occipital flange broad, with rough crenulae; head in frontal view with face relatively broad and short; mandible short but strong, bidentate, lower tooth slightly longer; clypeus moderately convex, distinctly wider than long, anterior margin of clypeus not distinctly flexed; epistomal depression shallow; labrum not exposed; tentorial pit present; malar sulcus not developed; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; palpal formula 5–2; antenna formula 13–13; A1 long and slender, slightly wider basally, tapering apically, apical rim not excavate ventrally, rim not produced into flaps; A 2 in both sexes characteristically constricted basally, subquadrate; A 3 in female remarkably elongate, female clava almost indistinct, 7– 8­segmented, clavomeres only moderately flattened ventrally, A13 slightly longer than A12, with no ventral pit; male antenna almost filiform, with short scattered pilosity, A3 shorter than A1 but longer than A4, A4 with moderate constriction basally and longitudinal carina in basal half. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma short, robust, wider than high, only moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with short cervix and sharp angular pronotal shoulders; side of pronotum deeply concave, partly smooth and glabrous, with sharp angular­pointed epomium and dense pilosity in front of epomium; posterior margin of pronotum (between forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenulate or pits; propleuron almost entirely concealed under head, hairy; mesoscutum almost semicircular, distinctly wider than long, with rough rugulosity and long scattered semierect hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines replaced by keels; notaulus percurrent, very broad, dilated and converging posteriorly, deeply crenulate; humeral and suprahumeral sulci obscured by rough rugosity; anterior scutellar pit bifov­ eate, pits large and irregular; scutellar disc subquadrate without lateral keels; lateral, axillar, and posterior scutellar pits replaced by rugosity; posterior margin of axilla rounded; axillar depression with irregular borders, with abundant pilosity; mesopleuron slightly concave, median oblique depression not well defined; epicnemial pit deep, with abundant pilosity; sternaulus replaced by rugosity; posterior margin of mesopleuron with row of large irregular pits or crenulae; metanotum strongly developed, medially as long as half of scutellum, almost as long as propodeum; dorsellum weakly defined, moderately bulging, with three indistinct longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough rugulose, partly glabrous; propodeum relatively short, median keel moderately raised anteriorly, posterior margin of propodeum deeply excavate, with four strong blunt corners (upper and lower ones), median part of propodeum almost glabrous, sides of propodeum hairy; nucha short, almost smooth, not concealed under anterior margin of petiole; forewing broad, rounded apically, with minute marginal cilia; costa and submarginal vein tracheate, enclosing broad costal cell; marginal vein strongly developed, thick, moderately elongate, stigmal vein subperpendicular and shorter than marginal vein; postmarginal vein shortly developed; basal vein tracheate, nonarcuate, distinctly joining submarginal vein at acute angle; posterior part of M vein (past base of basal vein) tracheate; basal part of Rs distinctly nebulous, apical part of Rs nebulous; hind wing with tracheate submarginal vein and tracheate enclosed basal cell; legs strong and short, apices of femora without distinct flaps. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pedunculate; petiole only moderately elongate, without anterior flap, with irregular rugosity, predominantly glabrous dorsally, with dense long hairs ventrally and at sides; metasoma past petiole ovoid, moderately wider than high, moderately flattened dorsally; anterior margin of syntergite with remarkably long, deep median cleft; apex of metasoma in female almost blunt, apical sternite short, not compressed; anterior margin of S2 flexed, rimlike.

TYPE SPECIES: Ferrugenus chilensis , new species (described below), by present designation.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Ferrugenus and Epomium share several highly plesiomorphic character states such as tracheate basal and posterior median veins, broad costal cell and thick marginal vein in forewing and fully tracheate closed basal cell in hind wing. On the other hand, the deeply crenulate notaulus, the rough rugose sculpture of the head and mesosoma as well as the deep cleft on anterior margin of the syntergite in Ferrugenus is considered highly apomorphic. Ferrugenus differs from Pentapria by the bifoveate anterior scutellar pit, furthermore by the sharply pointed epomium, elongate A 3 in female antenna and moderately developed median keel of propodeum. Ferrugenus shares similar structure of the scapal (A1) rim with Entomacis and Poecilopsilus ; it differs from both in wing venation and structure of the antenna.

ETYMOLOGY: The Latin name implies the prevailing color of the body, which is reddish brown to ferrugineous; the gender is masculine.

DISTRIBUTION: At present, only one species is known from the Valdivian forest of Chile.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Ferrugenus chilensis , new species Figures 54, 55b, 56

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, ♀: Length 3.6 mm; head, mesosoma and petiole dark reddish brown, antenna ferrugineous; tegula, legs including coxae, most of mandible and palpi yellowish brown; metasoma past petiole predominantly chestnut­brown; wings almost clear; forewing with veins, especially marginal vein, deeply pigmented. HEAD: Head in dorsal view slightly wider than long (92:75); upper frons, vertex and occiput with rough rugose sculpture forming irregular polygons with deep pits; temple behind eye shorter than eye length; space between inner rims of toruli subequal to diameter of torulus, shorter than distance between outer rim of torulus and inner orbit of eye; head in lateral view slightly higher than long (85:75), eye slightly higher than long (40:32); eye height larger than malar space (40:30); head in frontal view with toruli divided by shallow declivity; clypeus smooth and shining, without rugosity; A1 predominantly smooth ventral­ ly, with scattered punctures, finely rugulose dorsally, in lateral view broadest at base, with sharp basal margin (right above radicle) gradually tapering toward apex; antennal segments in relative proportions (67:16), (14: 12), (40:12), (12:13), (12:14), (12:14.5), (12: 15), (12:15), (12:15), (12:15), (12:15), (12: 15), (23:15). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than wide (158:110); notaulus with large crenulae, notaulus dilated posteriorly, space between inner margins of notauli subequal to width of notaulus posteriorly; anterior scutellar pits large, irregular, divided by narrow septum; tegula and axillar keel smooth; upper anterior corner of mesopleuron (below tegula) with patch of dense pilosity followed below by zone of coarse areolate rugae, sternaulus replaced by zone of areolate rugae; dorsellum relatively broad, only slightly shorter than propodeum (22:27); forewing venation (tip of postmarginal vein) distinctly exceeding half of wing length; marginal cilia very short in ratio to maximum wing width (5:110); apex of stigmal vein with short tracheate knob (part of Rs). METASOMA. Petiole only slightly elongate (15:10); metasoma past petiole moderately elongate (123:90), incision on anterior margin of syntergite extending to basal sixth of syntergite, syntergite perfectly smooth and almost glabrous, with few erect hairs anterolaterally; following tergites smooth; T7 with distinct pilosity laterally; spiracle on T8 large; cercus on T9 small; apical sternite short, subtriangular with dense pilosity; S2 with two longitudinal rows of long scattered semierect hairs.

MALE: Very similar to female, differing only in structure of A3–A13; antennal segments in relative proportions (58:13), (13: 11), (36:10), (25:10.5), (18:11), (16:11), (17: 11.5), (17:12), (17:12), (17:12), (17:12), (17: 12), (25:11); A3–A12 with dense semidecumbent pilosity not exceeding one­fifth of length of antennomeres; cercus of T9 distinctly more developed than in female.

TYPE MATERIAL: 5♀ 3. Holotype, ♀ ( CNCI no. 22455), CHILE, Nuble Prov. , Las Trancas, 19.5 km ESE Recinto, 1250 m, December 10, 1983, A. Newton and M. Thayer ; left forewing glued on point. Allotype: 3, same data as holotype . Paratypes, 13, CHILE, Nuble Prov. , 22 km ESE Recinto, 1330 m, December 1983 – January 1984, A. Newton and M. Thayer, Nothofagus forest ; 13, Malleco Prov , Princesa, 20 km Curacautin, 1000 m, December 12, 1984 – February 16, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT, Nothofagus forest ; 1♀, Cautin Prov. 21 km NE Pucon, Lago Caburga, 600 m, December 15, 1984 – February 10, 1985, S. & J. Peck, FIT, mixed forest remnant. All paratypes deposited in CNCI .

ETYMOLOGY: The species name refers to the country of origin.

DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Valdivian forest).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

VARIATION: No variation encountered in type material.

Idiotypa Foerster Figures 59, 60

Figures

Figs. 21–33. 21, Basalys sp. female head, dorsal view; 22, Basalys sp. female habitus, lateral view; 23, Bruchopria sp. female pronotum, lateral view; 24, Bruchopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 25, Bruesopria sp. female, lateral view; 26, Bruesopria sp. female, dorsal view; 27, Caecopria sp. male head, frontal view; 28, Caecopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 29, Caecopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 30, Caecopria sp. male, dorsal view; 31, Caecopria sp. male habitus, lateral view; 32, Chilomicrus pecki n. sp. male habitus, lateral view; 33, C. pecki male habitus, dorsal view.

Figs. 34–44. 34, Calogalesus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 35, Cruzia amphoralis n. sp. female, apical tergite; 36, C. amphoralis female habitus, dorsal view; 37, Coptera sp. female habitus, lateral view; 38, Diapria conica (Fabricius) female habitus, lateral view; 39, Doddius sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 40, Doddius sp. female habitus, lateral view; 41, Doliopria sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 42, Doliopria sp. female petiole dorsal view; 43, Doliopria sp. female head, frontal view; 44, Doliopria

Figs. 45–52. 45, Eladio cruzi n.sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 46, E. cruzi female, leg; 47, E. cruzi female habitus, lateral view; 48, Entomacis sp. (Chile), female, forewing; 49, Entomacis sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 50, Entomacis sp. female habitus, lateral view; 51, Ecitovagus gibbus Masner, female habitus, dorsal view; 52, E. gibbus female habitus, lateral view.

Figs. 53–60. 53, Epomium cicatrix n. sp. female habitus, lateral view; 54, Ferrugenus chilensis n. sp. metasoma, dorsal view; 55a, Spilomicrus sp. A1–A2; 55b, Ferrugenus chilensis A1–A2; 56, Ferrugenus chilensis habitus, lateral view; 57, Hansona pauli n. sp. habitus, dorsal view; 58, Labidopria sp. habitus, dorsal view; 59, Idiotypa sp. habitus, dorsal view; 60, Idiotypa sp. habitus, lateral view.