Laevistrombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758

Maxwell, Stephen J., Dekkers, Aart M., Rymer, Tasmin L. & Congdon, Bradley C., 2019, Laevistrombus Abbott 1960 (Gastropoda: Strombidae): Indian and southwest Pacific species, Zootaxa 4555 (4), pp. 491-506 : 496-497

Laevistrombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758

Figures 4 & 5 A–D

Synonymy 1758 Strombus (Ampliati) canariu Linnaeus, 10 th edn., p. 745, no. 438. = Strombus (Ampliati) canarium Linnaeus, 1767, p. 1211 , no. 507, partly. Gmelin 1791, p. 3517, no. 24, partly. = Lambis canarium Gmelin—Röding 1798, p. 65 , nos. 828 and 829. = Strombus canarium Born, 1778, p. 279 . Dillwyn 1817, p. 670. Gould 1833, p. 85. Quoy & Gaimard 1834, p. 73, no. 9, pl. 51,

fig. 10. Anton 1839, p. 85, no. 2807. Kiener 1843, p. 33, pl. 29, fig. 1. Hanley 1856, p. 124, pl. 25, fig. 27. Martens 1889,

p. 189, in part. Mohanraj et al. 2010, p. 205, pl. 1. = Gallinula canarium Linnaeus—Mörch 1852, p. 61 . = Strombus (Gallinula) canarium Linnaeus — Adams & Adams 1858, p. 259. = Harpago canarium Linnaeus—Hanley 1860, p. 74 . = Strombus (Strombus) canarium Linnaeus — Tryon 1885, pp. 110 and 136, pl. 2, fig. 19. = Strombus (Laevistrombus) canarium Linnaeus — Abbott 1960, p. 48. Wagner & Abbott 1978, p. 09–653. Walls 1980, pp. 75

and 76. 1777 Alata gallinula gibba Martini, p. 107, pl. 79, fig. 818. = Strombus ( Gallinula ) gibbus Martini—Adams & Adams 1858, p. 259. = Strombus gibbus Martini—Abbott 1960, p. 49. = Epidromis gibba Seba—Adam & Leloup 1938, p. 109. = Strombus gibbus Tapparone-Canefri—Dodge 1956, p. 275. = Strombus gibbus Issel & Tapparone-Canefri—Wagner and Abbott 1978, p. 09–654. Walls 1980, p. 189. Man in ‘T Veld & de

Turck 1998, p. 95. 1777 Alata tenuis Martini, p. 168, pl. 89, fig. 876. 1791 Strombus (Ampliati) latissimus Gmelin, 13 th edn., p. 3516, no. 21β, partly.

Linnaeus (1758) provided six literary illustrations, some of which support the hypothesis that the species intended was the Indian and Sri Lankan L. canarium ( Figure 4 ). The reference to “Argenv. Conch t. 17, f. Q” is interpreted as coming from d'Argenville (1742) L’ Histoire Naturelle Eclaircie dans deux de ses Parties Principales La Lithologie et la Conchyliologie dont l’une Traite des Pierres et l’autre des Conquillages shows an illustration of L. canarium ( Figure 4A ). The final reference provided by Linnaeus is to “Klein. Ostr t. 4, f. 73” refers to Klein (1753) Tentamen Methodi Ostracologicae. This illustration differs from L. vanikorensis in having a blunter spire and a greatly inflated body whorl, with rounded lip and no pattern, which is more indicative of L. turturella ( Figure 4B ). The Petiver (1709–1711) Catalogus Classicus and Topicus, t. 98, f. 11 reference by Linnaeus can be attributed to L. canarium , determined by the overall shape, the shift in pattern on the presutural ramp, and the shortened spire ( Figure 4C ). The reference to “Gualt. Test. t. 32, f. N” points to an image from Gualtieri (1742) Index Testarum Conchyliorum , which shows both dorsal and ventral sides of the shell ( Figure 4D ). The outer lip of this specimen is not fully calloused, but the short spire and broad and inflated body whorl indicates the Gualtieri (1742) images are illustrations of L. canarium . Two images from Rumphius (1705, 1741) D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer cited as “Rumph. Mus. t. 36, f. X” and “ t. 36, f. N” deal with two different species. The plate 36 figure N is probably L. vanikorensis , given the locality of Amboina ( Ambon) ( Figure 4E ). While plate 36 figure X illustrates Dolomena septimus Duclos, 1844 which is the only non - Laevistrombus cited by Linnaeus (1758) ( Figure 4F ).

Type material. To stabilise the nomenclature we hereby select a syntype from the Linnaean Collection (London) {A–F 0 0 20064 specimen 1} lot LSL. 435, as lectotype of L. canarium Linnaeus, 1758 .

Type locality. Abbott (1960) designated for L. canarium Ambon as the type location based on “O. Asiae” in the Linnaeus (1758) text. However, images from the Linnaean Society Collection clearly conform to the Indian examples of L. canarium (http://linnean-online.org/17229/ accessed 12/02/2017). Furthermore, the Ambon specimens at hand are Strombus taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 . Therefore, we redesignate the type locality of L. canarium to Keelamlarai, India, and base our comparisons on specimens from there.

Description. “488. S. testae labro rotundato brevi retuso, spiraque laevi ” (Linnaeus 1758, p. 745). The Strombus shell lip is round, short and blunted; the spire is smooth (Translation SM).

Distribution. Laevistrombus canarium is restricted to India and Sri Lanka. Records: India —Keelarkarai (AMD x 4; SM x 2; TM x2); Kottaipattinam (AMD x 2); Rameswaren (AMD x 5; SM x 4). Sri Lanka — Trimcomalee (AMD x 1).

Figures

FIGURE 4. The Linnaeus (1758) reference images of Laevistrombus canarium: A) d'Argenville (1742) L’ Histoire Naturelle Eclaircie dans deux de ses Parties Principales la Lithology et la Conchyliologie dont l’une Traite des Pierres et l’autre des Conquillages t. 17 f. Q; B) Klein (1753) Tentamen Methodi Ostracologicae t. 4, f. 73; C) Petiver (1709–1711) Catalogus Classicus and Topicus t. 98, f. 1; D) Gualtieri (1742) Index Testarum Conchyliorum t. 32, f. N; E) Rumphius (1705, 1741) D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer t. 36, f. N; F) Rumphius (1705,1741) D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer. t. 36, f. X.

FIGURE 5. Laevistrombus canarium: A) syntype, designated from lot LSL. 435, Linnaean collection (http://linneanonline.org/17229/ {A–F 0020064 specimen 1} accessed 12/02/2017); B) Keelamkarai, India, 5 m, 2015, L 58.7 mm (TM); C) Keelamkarai, India, L 59.0 mm (AMD STR2569); and D) Rameswaran, India, L 60.9 mm (AMD STR0259); Laevistrombus guidoi: E) Efate Island, Vanuatu (VC) 59 mm; and F) Vanuatu, 50–60 ft. in Rubble, 58.0 mm (AMD STR0031).