Coprinopsis cothurnata (Godey) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo

Melo, Roger Fagner Ribeiro, Chikowski, Renata Dos Santos, Miller, Andrew Nicholas & Maia, Leonor Costa, 2016, Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 266 (1), pp. 1-14 : 8

6. Coprinopsis cothurnata (Godey) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo , Taxon 50(1): 227 (2001)

( Figure 3 , g–k)

Closed pileus initially ellipsoid to subcylindrical, later ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid, 17–22 × 10–15 mm, covered along its entire surface by powdery veil fragments. Expanded pileus conical to campanulate, 30–35 mm in diameter, becoming flattened, with revolute margin, dark gray to black, with a radial pattern of veil fragments from the center to the margin, composed of small flakes of globular elements, grouped mainly in the center, giving it the brown color where it is concentrated, strongly plicate-sulcate, with crenulated margin. Veil composed of globose to subglobose elements, up to 130 μm in diameter, interspersed with conspicuous crystals. Lamellae adnexed or free, initially white, becoming dark gray to black, up to 1.5 mm thick, deliquescent. Lamellulae present, similar in morphology. Stipe central, cylindrical to clavate, hollow, finely fibrillose, with sparse velar flakes, especially near the pileus, white to pale gray, 80–95 mm long, 2–4.5 mm in diameter. Ring absent. Volva absent. Cheilocystidia 27.5–40 × 15–25 μm, globose, clavate to saccate, usually collapsing, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. Pleurocystidia absent or not observed. Clamp connections rare. Basidia 4-spore, clavate. Basidiospores hexagonal in frontal view, ellipsoid in side view, brown to reddish brown, 12.5–15 × 7.5–9 μm, with a central germ pore.

Material examined: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco, Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco ( IPA), Serra Talhada, on cattle dung, 24 Oct 2012, R.F. R. Melo ( URM 86800!).

Distribution: —Despite the worldwide distribution, this is the first record from Brazil.

Notes: — Coprinopsis cothurnata has relatively large basidiomata for species that grow on fresh herbivore dung in damp chambers. It resembles C. nivea (Pers.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo , differing by the basidiospore shape and the absence of pleurocystidia. It differs from Coprinellus marculentus , which also has hexagonal spores, by the significantly larger basidiomata and basidiospores.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Coprinopsis cinerea a. Habit of basidiomata on dung. b. Basidiomata. c. Lamellae and lamellulae. d. Elongated velar element. e. Cheilocystidia. f. Basidiospores. Coprinopsis cothurnata g. Habit of a basidioma on dung. h. Basidiomata. i. Globular velar elements. j. Cheilocystidia. k. Basidiospores. Scale bars: a, g= 100 mm. b, c, h=5 mm. d= 75 μm. e= 7,5 μm. f, k= 5 μm. i= 30 μm. j=10 μm. Figure: R.F.R. Melo.