Coprinus patouillardii Quél.

Melo, Roger Fagner Ribeiro, Chikowski, Renata Dos Santos, Miller, Andrew Nicholas & Maia, Leonor Costa, 2016, Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 266 (1), pp. 1-14 : 11-12

11. Coprinus patouillardii Quél. , Tab. analyt. Fung. (Paris)(1): 107 (1884)

( Figure 6 , a–f)

Closed pileus initially globose to subglobose,becoming ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid, 6–8 × 3–5 mm, white, pale brown to pale luteous, covered along its entire surface by powdery veil fragments, mainly grouped in the center, spreading towards the edge. Expanded pileus initially conical, becoming hemispherical to campanulate and finally flattened, about 15–20 mm in diameter, dark gray to light gray, with velar remnants forming radial groups of small pyramidal flakes composed of loosely aggregated globular elements, mainly grouped in the center, giving it a pinkish coloration, with margin strongly plicate-sulcate. Lamellae free, initially white, becoming dark gray to black, 15–22 mm long, ca. 1 mm thick, deliquescent. Lamellulae present, 1–2 mm in length. Stipe central, cylindrical to slightly clavate near the base, hollow, finely fibrillose, with sparse velar flakes, especially near the pileus, white to pale gray, opaque to slightly shiny, 40–55 mm long, 1–1.5 mm in diameter. Ring absent. Volva absent. Veil composed of globose tosubglobose elements, up to 50 μm in diameter, interspersed with conspicuous crystals. Cheilocystidia 22.5–40 × 15–27.5 μm, subglobose to ellipsoid, usually collapsing, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. Pleurocystidia 27.5–50 × 25–32.5 μm, subglobose to subellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. Clamp connections absent. Basidia 4-spored, usually interspersed with numerous hyphidial elements. Basidiospores with considerable variation in morphology, heart-shaped, 5-angled in frontal view, cylindrical to ellipsoid in side view, reddish-brown to brown, 7.2–8.6 × 6–7.5 μm, with a central germ pore.

Material examined: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco, Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco ( IPA), Caruaru , on cattle dung, 11 Jun 2012, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86787 !) ; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco ( UFRPE), Recife , on goat dung, 15 Jun 2012, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86788 !) ; on horse dung, 12 Mar 2012, R.F. R. Melo ( URM86789 a!, 86789b!) .

Distribution: —Africa ( Morocco), Europe ( Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands), Oceania ( Australia, New Zealand), North America ( United States of America) and South America ( Brazil).

Notes: — Coprinus patouillardii is the most common basidiomycete species on herbivore dung in Pernambuco, and is a typical member of Coprinopsis . The presence of small basidiomata with plicated-sulcate pileus producing 5-angled, heart-shaped basidiospores in frontal view are the key diagnostic characters of this species. Coprinopsis cordispora (T. Gibbs) Gminder differs by the presence of lageniform cheilocystidia and larger basidiospores.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Coprinus patouillardii a. Habit of a basidioma on dung. b. Basidiomata. c. Lamellae and lamellulae, showing the stipe insertion. d. Globular elements of veil remnants. e. Cheilocystidia. f. Basidiospores. Panaeolus antillarum g. Habit of mature basidioma on incubated dung. h. Basidiomata. i. Lamellae and lamellulae, showing the conspicuous black punctation due to the maturation of basidia and basidiospores. j. Pleurocystidia. k. Basidia. l. Basidiospores. Scale bars: a, g= 200 mm. b= 2.5 mm. c= 2 mm. d= 25 μm. e, j, k= 10 μm. f= 2.5 μm. h= 25 mm. i= 20 mm. l= 7.5 μm. Figure: R.F.R. Melo.