Proboscidea
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/g2009n4a943 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D3087DE-FFC9-9B00-FD7D-FEC4FD0DF94B |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Proboscidea |
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97. “Mastodonte de Sansan, cubitus”.Pencil number: 271, ink label: 1938-582. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A thin bony “scale” probably detached or sawed from a shaft and sectioned transversely. The section (9 × 2 mm) is technically good. One side of the section, flat and perhaps sawed off, is entirely Haversian with small secondary osteons and a few, much larger, irregular ones. Deeper in the section, the bone is entirely formed by larger and larger endosteal osteons, ending into large, broken endosteal trabeculae.
Comments. The structure strongly suggests a perimedullar region in the endosteal margin.
98. “Mastodonte de Sansan, cubitus”.Pencil number: 271, ink label: 1938-582. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A larger section about 10 × 12 mm. The bone, sectioned longitudinally, is compact and displays a complex structure, with large, longitudinally sectioned secondary osteons spreading in a complex of dense endosteal trabeculae.
Comments. This longitudinal section matches the bone organization in an endosteal margin.
99. “Mastodonte de Sansan, cubitus”.Pencil number: 271, ink label: 1938-582. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A large section about 13 × 12 mm. The bone is sectioned longitudinally. The structures, similar to those of no. 98, are typical of a well developed endosteal margin.
100. “ Mastodon arvernensis , cubitus”. Pencil number: 270, ink label: 1938-582. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A small and technically good cross section about 5 × 7 mm, in compact bone. The free surface of the bone cortex is not available. The tis- sue is entirely dense Haversian. Several generations of secondary osteons are locally visible, together with active erosion bays and secondary osteons at various stages of deposition. Osteonal lamellation and cell lacunae with canaliculi are generally well marked. The periphery of most osteons is brightly birefringent.
101. “ Mastodon arvernensis , cubitus”.Pencil number: 270, ink label: 1938-582. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A longitudinal section of 19 × 12 mm in bone cortex. The section contains two fragments with different structures. One fragment, covered by sediment, shows the free external surface of the cortex on its two sides (because of tangential effect of the section in a convex structure). This superficial cortex is largely monorefringent, and contains a few longitudinally and circularly oriented primary vascular canals, and numerous Sharpey’s fibers. Deeper in the cortex, the structure becomes almost entirely Haversian. The external cementing lines of the secondary osteons are clear, as well as their central Haversian canal and its anastomoses branching laterally. This is well developed in the second fragment.
102. “ Elephas meridionalis du Gard , Radius”. Pencil number: 269, ink label: 1938-592. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A longitudinal section (14 × 10 mm) in a relatively spongy bone. The section is entirely composed of secondary endosteal trabeculae, probably from the periphery of the marrow cavity.
103. “ Elephas meridionalis du Gard , Radius”. Pencil number: 269, ink label: 1938-592. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A cross section in cortical bone and endosteal margin. The section broke during the technical process, which hinders observations. The free surface of the bone and its external-most cortex are lacking. Tiny remains of the periosteal bone tissue can nevertheless be observed locally: they contain longitudinally and circularly oriented small primary osteons embedded in an apparent lamellar matrix containing Sharpey’s fibres. No fibro-lamellar organization of the laminar or plexiform subtypes could be deciphered. Most cortical bone is densely Haversian. This secondary cortex gently merges, very progressively, into a well-developed endosteal margin, with larger and larger endosteal osteons and large secondary endosteal trabeculae.
Comments. The sections seem to come from the very large skeleton of E. meridionalis (synomym of Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti, 1825 ) found in Durfort (Gard) and mounted in the Galerie de Paléontologie of the MNHN (see Gaudry 1893).
104. “ Dinotherium teutobochus , humerus”. Pencil number: 272, ink label: 1938-587. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A small (4 × 6 mm) longitudinal section that apparently comes from an endosteal margin subject to diffuse erosion. However, a small region is formed by periosteal tissue with Sharpey’s fibers, and possibly a “bright line” of the laminar bone pattern. The numerous osteocytic lacunae and canaliculi are of exceptional sharpness.
105. “ Dinotherium teutobochus , humerus”. Pencil number: 272, ink label: 1938-587. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A larger (about 16 × 9 mm) and very thin cross section in bone cortex. No remains of the bone free surface are left. The whole section is formed of typical dense Haversian tissue. Several generations of secondary osteons are present. Osteon size becomes larger towards a region likely closer from the endosteal margin.
106. “ Dinotherium teutobochus , humerus”. Pencil number: 272, ink label: 1938-587. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A small (10 × 3 mm plus fragment) longitudinal section probably from the endosteal margin.
107. “ Dinotherium teutobochus , humerus”. Pencil number: 272, ink label: 1938-587. Anat. Comp. 1878.
Description. A small (7 × 5 mm) cross section in cancellous bone. The tissue is formed of complex endosteal trabeculae, with extensive evidence of erosion/reconstruction cycles. In the thickness of some trabeculae, typical smaller secondary osteons were laid down. Between the network of trabeculae, a rather regular pattern of circular marrow spaces is produced.
Comments. No remains of either periosteal bone or tissues of endochondral origin are left within the trabeculae, which suggests a perimedullar spongiosa from the bone shaft.
108. “ Dinotherium de Pikermi ”. No label and date.
Description. A large (about 20 × 10 mm) longitudinal section, in poor condition. Both bad post mortem preservation, technical and curation problems (the balsam is badly cracked) prevent meaningful comments. The cover slip was rectangular and apparently disapeared. Observation at high magnification confirms the generalized invasion of the bone tissue by post mortem boring organisms.
109. (N-13) – “Ivoire fossile lot no. 1650. 1866, Charles Marchand Préparateur à Paris”. Pencil label: 34 no. 99.
Description. A section of 10 × 5 mm in a homogeneous dentinal tissue. Macroscopically, the whole section is divided by numerous wide undulating lines, roughly parallel to each others. They can be observed only in polarized light (crossed nicols) and are produced by the regular ordering of the dentinal tubules over great distances. The numerous tiny dentinal tubules appear to be sectioned transversally and somehow obliquely. The tissue is pervaded by numerous black spots with stellate, irregular limits, which appear to be metallic oxides.
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