Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Lonsdale, Owen, 2021, Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the " Delmarva " states, ZooKeys 1051, pp. 1-481 : 1

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Figs 111 , 112 , 636-639

Oscinis trifolii Burgess, 1880: 201.

Agromyza trifolii . Coquillett, 1898: 78; Malloch 1913: 278 [as synonym of Agromyza pusilla Meigen].

Liriomyza trifolii . De Meijere, 1925: 282; Hendel 1931: 213; Frick 1952a: 405, 1959: 410; Spencer 1965: 37 [neotype designation], 1973a: 226, 1984: 25; Spencer and Steyskal 1986: 296; Scheffer and Lewis 2006: 991; Scheffer et al. 2007: 772; Lonsdale 2011: 106, 2017: 97; Eiseman and Lonsdale 2018: 56; Monteiro et al. 2019: 173; Eiseman et al. 2021: 32.

Liriomyza phaseolunata Frost, 1943: 256. Frick 1952a: 404, 1959: 408. Spencer and Steyskal 1986 [synonymy].

Liriomyza alliovora Frick, 1955: 88. Frick 1959: 401. Spencer 1973a [synonymy].

Description

(Figs 111 , 112 ). Wing length 1.2-1.7 mm (♂), 1.5-1.9 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 1.7-3.1. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.1-3.0. Scutum with light greyish pruinosity, rarely subshiny. First flagellomere rounded or with slight anterodorsal angle.

Chaetotaxy: Two ori; two ors. Acrostichal setulae in two to four scattered rows.

Colouration: Head yellow with back of head above foramen, ocellar tubercle, clypeus, and posterolateral margin of frons (not reaching base of outer vertical seta) brown. Scutum with complete lateral yellow stripe. Scutellum yellow with lateral corner brown. Metanotum brown with sclerites lateral to scutellum paler, sometimes with katatergite entirely yellow. Pleuron yellow with large ventral spots on katepisternum (not including seta base) and meron, and anepisternum and anepimeron with small anteroventral spots. Calypter margin and hairs brownish. Legs yellow with base of fore coxa sometimes brown, fore femur sometimes with dorsal mottling, base of mid and hind femora sometimes partially brown dorsally, and tibiae and tarsi brown (paler on fore legs). Abdomen brown with lateral margin broadly yellow and posterior margin of tergites (1)2-4 yellow; tergites 2-4 sometimes with yellow posteromedial emargination (sometimes forming complete line on tergite 4) and tergite 6 with anteromedial spot; epandrium brown, often with dorsum light brown to yellow; tergite 2 sometimes yellow along midline in females; if male abdomen entirely brown (some South American material), only two rows of acrostichal setulae present and most of anepisternum brown.

Genitalia: (Figs 636-639 ) Epandrium with one posterodistal spine. Surstylus subtriangular, apex slightly truncated and with small inner-distal spine. Basiphallus sclerotised along left lateral margin and partially along dorsal margin; largely recessed distally where swollen section of ejaculatory duct dominates. Paraphallus narrow, weakly sclerotised. Hypophallus small, narrow. Mesophallus narrow, pale, slightly longer than wide and weakly fused to distiphallus. Distiphallus small, cup-shaped with subapical constriction; apex with characteristic minute triangular-shaped sclerotisations. Ejaculatory apodeme small with base curved and apex relatively narrow and clear; sperm pump with transverse sclerotisation.

Distribution.

Widespread throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia.

Known hosts.

Host genera are listed in Lonsdale (2011); Abronia ( Nyctaginaceae ) and Mecardonia ( Plantaginaceae ) were added by Eiseman and Lonsdale (2018) and Eiseman et al. (2021), respectively.

Type material.

Neotype [trifolii]: USA. IN: Lafayette, from Alfalfa, 3.ix.1913, J.M. Aldrich (1♂, USNM).

Holotype [ Liriomyza phaseolunata ]: USA. NJ: Bridgeton, 24.viii.1942, B.B. Pepper (1♂, Lost).

Holotype [ Liriomyza alliovora ]: USA. IA: Ames, 8.vi.1932, H.M. Harris, ex. leaf of onion (1♂, USNM).

Additional material examined.

Bermuda. Devonshire, Par., Devonshire Marsh , 20.ix.1987, D.J. Hilburn, N.E. Woodley (1♂, USNM), Pembroke Par., Admirality House Park, 15.xi.1987, D.J. Hilburn, N.E. Woodley (1♂, USNM) . USA. CA: Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, along Rte. 78, 7.iii.2017, em. 19.iii.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Abronia villosa , #CSE3250, CNC940076 (1♂, CNC), DE: Gumboro, 2.viii.1952, C. Sabrosky (1♀, USNM), Rehoboth, 2.viii.1941, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM), FL: Lake Co. , Alexander Springs, 26.iii.2013, em. 12-20.iv.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Hydrocotyle verticillata , #CSE275, CNC358471 (1♂, CNC), MD: Laurel, Chrysanthemum , 31.i.1962 (10♂ 18♀, USNM), Montgomery Co. , Colesville, 28.v.1977 (1♀, USNM), Colesville, Malaise trap, W.W. Wirth, 26.vi.1977 (2♀, USNM), 30.vi.1977 (1♀, USNM), 4.ix.1977 (1♂, USNM), MI: Mio, 29.v.1937, H. Milliron (1♀, USNM), NC: Scotland Co. , Laurinburg, St. Andrews University , 2.vi.2015, em. 20.vi.2015, T.S. Feldman, ex Trifolium repens , #CSE1633, CNC564626 (1♂, CNC), NV: Clark Co. , Charleston Peak, Kyle Canyon, ca 2200 m, 14.vii.1966, P.H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♀, CASC), NY: Orange Co. , Florida, L.L. Pechuman, reared October, leaf miner on celery (1♂, USNM), OH: Wooster, 10.v.1972, ex. celery leaves, J.P. Sleesman (3♂ 3??, USNM), VA: Northampton Co. , Kiptopeke, 4-6.x.1986, W.E. Steiner et al., Malaise trap, dunes between cliff and beach (3♀, USNM). Also see Lonsdale (2011, 2017) .

Figures

Figures 107 - 115. 107 Liriomyza sp., male, with arrow indicating stridulatory file 108 Liriomyza sp., female (S. A. Marshall - Cuba, Santiago) 109, 110 Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), female 109 lateral 110 head, anterior 111, 112 Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), female 111 head, anterior 112 lateral 113 Liriomyza asclepiadis Spencer, female (S. A. Marshall - Virginia, Craig County) 114 Liriomyza sp., female (S. A. Marshall - Ontario, Orangeville) 115 Liriomyza nigriscutellata Spencer, female (P. Bryant - California, Newport Beach).

Figures 636 - 644. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), male genitalia 636 ejaculatory apodeme 637 external genitalia, ventral 638 phallus, left lateral 639 phallus, ventral 640 - 644 L. helianthi Spencer, male genitalia 640 external genitalia, ventral 641 ejaculatory apodeme 642 phallus, ventral 643 phallus, left lateral 644 holotype phallus, left lateral. Originally published in Lonsdale (2011).