Garcinia celebica L.

Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Leksungnoen, Nisa, Chaiprasongsuk, Minta & Thunthawanich, Raweewan, 2024, A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Garcinia (Clusiaceae) in Thailand, PhytoKeys 244, pp. 175-211 : 175-211

1. Garcinia celebica L. , Herb. Amboin.: 7. 1754; DC., Prodr. 1: 561. 1824; Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (2): 507. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 14: 328. 1860; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 13. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 404. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 9: 367. 1903; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 1: 387. 1963; Nazre, Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 57: 1256. 2010; Nazre et al., Phytotaxa 373 (1): 17. 2018.

Figs 1 , 2 , 3

≡ Brindonia celebica (L.) Thouars in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 5: 341. 1806.

≡ Oxycarpus celebica (L.) Poir. , Encyc. Suppl. 4: 258. 1816.

≡ Stalagmitis celebica (L.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 621. 1831 . Type. Rumphius’s illustration, Mangostana celebica Rumph. , Herb. Amboin. 1: 134. t. 44 ( Rumphius 1741) (lectotype, designated by Merrill 1917: 373).

= Garcinia cornea L. , Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 368. 1774; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 214. 1825; G. Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 620. 1831; Roxb. in Carey, Fl. Ind. 2: 629. 1832; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1 (10): 6. t. 105. 1839; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (2): 506. 1859; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 14: 325. 1860; Laness., Mém. Gen. Garc.: 20. 1872; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43 (2): 86. 1874 et Forest Fl. Burma 1: 88. 1877; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 12. t. 78 B. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 397. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 374. 1917; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 122. t. 2. fig. 16. 1964; Nazre, Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 57: 1256. 2010. Type. Rumphius’s illustration, Lignum corneum Rumph. , Herb. Amboin. 3: 55. t. 30 ( Rumphius 1743) (lectotype, designated by Merrill 1917: 374).

= Garcinia affinis Wall. [Numer. List: 171. Wallich Cat. 4854. 1831, nom. nud.] ex Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 16. t. 78 C, 79 G. 1883, nom. illeg.

= Garcinia speciosa Wall. , Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 37. 1832; Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 14: 326. 1860; T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1 (2): 260. 1874; Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43 (2): 86. 1874 et Forest Fl. Burma 1: 88. 1877; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 14. t. 79 H, I. 1883; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 154. 1890; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 402. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Brandis, Indian Trees: 50. 1906; C. E. Parkinson, Forest Fl. Andaman Isl.: 90. 1923; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1 (1): 117. 1925; Gagnep. in Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl.: 267. 1943; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 123. t. 2. fig. 18. 1964; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: 125. 1993; S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn & V. Anusarnsunthorn, Field Guide Forest Trees of N. Thailand: 50. fig. 53. 2000; Nazre, Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 57: 1256. 2010; S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn & Chayam., Forest Trees S. Thailand 1: 355. fig. 545. 2015. Type. Myanmar, Amherst, 1827, Wallich Cat. 4855 (lectotype, designated by Maheshwari 1964: 123), CAL [CAL 0000065160, photo seen]; isolectotype K-W [K 001104074!]).

= Garcinia fabrilis Miq. , Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 496. 1861 [as Discostigma febrile ]; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 15. t. 80 A. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 401. 1893. Type. Indonesia, Sumatra, Priaman, s. d., Diepenhorst HB 2152 (lectotype, designated by Nazre 2010: 1256), L [U 1572338, photo seen]).

= Garcinia benthamii Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (4): t. 55, 56. 1882 [as Garcinia benthami ]; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 109, 110. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 392. 1893 [as G. benthami ]; Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 364. 1908 [as G. benthami ]; Pit. in Lecomte et al., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (4): 305. 1910 [as G. benthami ]; Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 83. 1923 [as G. benthami ]; Gagnep. in Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl.: 261. 1943 [as G. benthami ]; P. H. Hô, Câyco Vietnam 1: 561. fig. 1550. 1991 [as G. benthami ]. Type. Vietnam, ad Bung in prov. Saïgon, Jan 1875, Pierre 700 (lectotype, designated by Nazre 2010: 1256), P [P 00329872, photo seen]; isolectotypes A [without barcode, reported by Nazre 2010 and Nazre et al. 2018, not seen], K [without barcode, reported by Nazre 2010 and Nazre et al. 2018, not seen], L [U 1208099, U 1208248, photos seen], P [P 04701491, photo seen].

= Garcinia ferrea Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (4): t. 57. 1882; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 110, 111. 1889; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte et al., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (4): 303. 1910; Gagnep. in Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl.: 261. 1943; Pételot, Arch. Rech. Agron. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 1: 60. 1952; P. H. Hô, Câyco Vietnam 1: 562. fig. 1553. 1991. Type. Vietnam, Phu Quoc, Jan 1877, Herb. Pierre 3634 (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1256), P [without barcode], second-step designated here P [P 00379823!]; isolectotype P [P 00379824!]).

= Garcinia basacensis Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (4): t. 58. 1882 [as G. bassacensis ]; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 398. 1893 [as G. bassacensis ]; Pit. in Lecomte et al., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (4): 306. 1910 [as G. bassacensis ]; P. H. Hô, Câyco Vietnam 1: 561. fig. 1549. 1991 [as G. bassacensis ]. Type. Laos, Bassin d’Attopeu, Mont de Bassac, Feb 1877, Harmand 1074 (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1256), P [without barcode], second-step designated here P [P 00329871!]; isolectotypes K [K 000380454!], P [P 00329870!, P 05062473!]).

= Garcinia riedeliana Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 12. t. 79 A. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 156. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 388. 1893. Type. Indonesia, Sulawesi, Gorontalo, 1875, Riedel s. n. (lectotype, designated by Nazre et al. 2018: 17), K [K 000380456, photo seen]; isolectotypes P [P 04700635!, P 04700640!, P 04700639, photo seen]).

= Garcinia hombroniana Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 12. t. 79 D – F, J. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 113. 1889; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 155. 1890; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 395. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 171. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. 1 (1): 115. 1925; Corner, Wayside Trees Mal. 1: 318. fig. 109. ed. 2. 1952; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 121. t. 2. fig. 15. 1964; Corner & Watan., Ill. Guide Trop. Pl.: t. 190. 1969; Whitmore in Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 212. fig. 7. 1973; S. W. Jones, Morphology and Major Taxonomy of Garcinia (Guttiferae), Ph. D. Thesis (unpublished): 290. 1980; H. Keng, Concise Fl. Singapore: 49. 1990; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: 111. 1993; M. Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 47 (1): 262. 1995; S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn & Chayam., Forest Trees S. Thailand 1: 354. fig. 544. 2015. Type. Peninsular Malaysia, Malacca, 1841, J. B. Hombron s. n. (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1256), P [without barcode], second-step designated here P [P 00329889!]; isolectotypes P [P 00329878, P 04700177, P 04700178, P 04700180, P 04700181, P 04700182, photos seen]).

= Garcinia rumphii Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 13. t. 77 A. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 114. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 400. 1893. Type. Indonesia, Bangka Island, Nov 1881, Treub 4169 (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1256–1257), P [without barcode], second-step designated by Nazre et al. 2018: 17, P [P 04700302!]; isolectotypes K [K 000380451, photo seen], P [P 04700298!, P 04700299!]).

= Garcinia kurzii Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 14. t. 78 A. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 18. t. 114. 1889; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 155. 1890; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 403. 1893; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 123. 1964; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: 115. 1993. Type. India, South Andaman, 1867, Kurz 24 (lectotype, designated by Maheshwari 1964: 123), CAL [without barcode, not seen]; isolectotypes P [P 00329891!, P 00329890, photos seen]).

= Garcinia jawoera Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 37. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 399. 1893. Type. Indonesia, Java, Tandjoor, cultivated in Hort. Bog., 1877, Pierre 4607 (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1257), P [without barcode], second-step designated by Nazre et al. 2018: 17), P [P 00379817!]; isolectotypes L [without barcode, reported by Nazre 2010 and Nazre et al. 2018, not seen], P [P 00379816!, P 00379818!]).

= Garcinia krawang Pierre , Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 37. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 398. 1893. Type: Indonesia, Borneo, South Kalimantan, Pulau Lampei (Lampei Island), s. d., Korthals 1313 a (Herb. Pierre 4601) (lectotype, first-step designated by Nazre 2010: 1257), P [without barcode], second-step designated by Nazre et al. 2018: 17), P [P 00379812, photo seen]; isolectotype P [P 00379813, photos seen]).

= Garcinia kingii Pierre ex Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 407. 1893; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 124. 1964; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: 114. 1993. Type: Andaman Island, 1884, King’s Collector s. n. (lectotype, designated by Nazre 2010: 1257), K [K 000380453, photo seen]).

Description.

Habit trees, 5–25 - (– 30) m tall, 30–150 (– 200) cm GBH, sometimes with buttresses near the base of the main stem of large trees; latex white, turning yellow, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - ridged, glabrous. Bark greyish brown, brown, dark brown or blackish brown, scaly or fissured; inner bark reddish pink or red. Leaves: lamina variable in shape and size, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 10–24 × 4–9.5 cm, apex acute, base cuneate or oblique, margin repand or undulate, thickly coriaceous, smooth, shiny dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 12–25 each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, flattened on both surfaces, intramarginal veins not grooved above, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex, conspicuous below; petiole green, stout, 1–2 cm long, 2–4 mm in diam., grooved above, distinctly transversely rugose, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlet; young leaves brownish green, turning pale green, glossy; fresh leaves tough when crushed; mature leaves turning greenish yellow to pale yellow before falling off; dry leaves pale brown or reddish brown. Inflorescences terminal; bracts 2, caducous, narrowly triangular or triangular, 0.8–1.3 × 0.1–0.4 cm, apex acute (in female inflorescences). Flowers: sepals and petals glabrous; sepals concave; petals creamish white or pale yellow, somewhat fleshy, concave or not concave, apex rounded, margin entire or irregularly lobed and undulated. Flower buds subglobose to globose, 0.5–1 cm in diam. Male flowers lightly fragrant, in a cluster of 2–7 flowers, 1.8–2.5 cm in diam.; bracteoles caducous; pedicel pale yellow, reddish pale yellow or yellowish red, slender, terete (circular in cross-section) or slightly 4 - angled, 0.4–1 cm long, 1.5–3 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale yellow, reddish pale yellow or yellowish red, thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic, elliptic, suborbicular or orbicular, 0.5–1 × 0.4–1 cm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, suborbicular, orbicular, broadly elliptic or elliptic, 0.7–1.2 × 0.5–1.1 cm, subequal; stamens 144–198, united into a single 4 - lobed bundle (35–53 each lobe), surrounding a pistillode, lobes 5–9 × 5–8.5 mm; filaments very short; anthers 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm; pistillode fungiform, 5–7.5 mm long; sterile stigma pale yellow or yellow, sessile, convex, radiate, shallowly 4–9 - lobed, 3.5–5 mm in diam., smooth. Female flowers solitary or in a cluster of 2–3 flowers, 2–2.8 cm in diam.; bracteoles caducous, triangular, 1.5–5 × 1–4 mm; pedicel (of a flower in an inflorescence) or peduncle (of a solitary flower) green, stout, terete or slightly 4 - angled, 0.4–1.5 cm long, 2–4 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, thickly coriaceous, suborbicular, orbicular or broadly elliptic, 0.4–1.2 × 0.4–1.2 cm, the outer pair slightly smaller than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, suborbicular, orbicular, broadly elliptic or elliptic, 0.7–1.5 × 0.7–1.3 cm, subequal; staminodes absent or present, united into 9–15 bundles, surrounding the ovary, each bundle 1–2 mm long; pistil fungiform, 0.5–1 cm long; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 4–6.5 × 4–7.5 mm, glabrous, 4–9 - locular; stigma pale yellow or yellow, convex, radiate, shallowly 4–9 - lobed, 2–4 mm long, 5.5–8 mm in diam., smooth. Fruits pale green, turning yellow, orange, reddish orange to red when ripe, smooth, glabrous, with a sticky white latex, turning yellow, broadly ellipsoid, subglobose, globose or depressed globose, 1.8–5.5 × 2–5.6 cm (length including a beak), without or with a short, thick beak at the apex, 2.5–6.5 × 5–11.5 mm, pericarp 2–7 mm thick, fleshy, becoming woody when dry; persistent stigma dark brown or blackish brown, flattened, radiate, shallowly 4–9 - lobed, 0.4–1.1 cm in diam.; persistent sepals green or green tinged with red, turning yellowish green to yellow or yellow tinged with red, thickly coriaceous, 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1.4 cm, usually larger than in flowering materials; fruiting stalk green, strong and thick, 0.5–1.7 cm long, 2.5–6.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Seeds 4–9, sometimes aborted, brown mottled with irregular lines, ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid, 0.7–2.4 × 0.4–1.6 cm, compressed, rounded at both ends, with a white fleshy pulp.

Distribution.

India [North-Eastern India (Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal), Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Bangladesh, Myanmar (Martaban, Tenasserim), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Malacca), Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku), Borneo [ Malaysia ( Sarawak, Sabah), Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan)], Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao), New Guinea [ Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea].

Distribution in Thailand.

Northern: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae, Phitsanulok; North-Eastern: Loei, Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Sakon Nakhon, Khon Kaen; Eastern: Chaiyaphum, Ubon Ratchathani; South-Western: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Central: Saraburi; South-Eastern: Sa Kaeo, Prachin Buri, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; Peninsular: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.

Habitat and ecology.

This species is found in a very wide variety of habitats, including coastal strand vegetations, littoral dry evergreen forests, dry evergreen forests, tropical evergreen rain forests, freshwater swamp forests, lower montane rain forests, lower montane coniferous forests, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forests, mixed deciduous forests, secondary forests, on limestones, on sandstone plateaus, sometimes along streams, 0–1,500 m amsl.

Phenology.

Flowering and fruiting more than once, nearly throughout the year; flowering usually in November to February; fruiting usually in February to May.

Conservation status.

Garcinia celebica is widely distributed from Eastern India to the Malesian region. It is known from many localities and has a large Extent of Occurrence ( EOO) of 21,968,911.92 km 2 and a relatively large Area of Occupancy ( AOO) of 700 km 2. In Thailand, this species is known to be naturally distributed throughout the seven floristic regions, and has an EOO of 427,003.87 km 2 and an AOO of 96 km 2. Because of this wide distribution and the number of localities, therefore, we consider the conservation assessment here as Least Concern ( LC).

Etymology.

The specific epithet of Garcinia celebica indicates the type locality, Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes), Indonesia ( Nazre 2010), as described by Rumphius (1741). The specific epithet of G. speciosa is a Latin word meaning showy or splendid ( Stearn 1992; Gledhill, 2002) and refers to the ripe fruits are orangish red to red. The specific epithet of G. hombroniana is named after J. B. Hombron, a French physician and explorer who collected the type specimen during his journey from Singapore to Malacca (Peninsular Malaysia) ( Corner 1952; Whitmore 1973; Nazre 2010).

Vernacular names.

Kwak mai (กวกไหม) (Bueng Kan, Nongkhai, Laos); Kawa (กะวา) (Surat Thani); Khwat (ขวาด) (Chiang Rai, Laos); Chamuang (ชะม ่ วง) (Phichit); Phawa (พะวา) (Surat Thani); Mada khinok (มะดะข ี ้ นก) (Chiang Mai, Laos); Mapong (มะป ่ อง) (Northern); Mangkhut pa (ม ั งค ุ ดป ่ า) (Narathiwat); Wa (วา) (Phangnga, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Yala); Wa nam (วาน ้ ำ) (Trang); Sommong Pa (ส ้ มโมงป ่ า) (Nongkhai); Saraphi pa (สารภ ี ป ่ า) (Central, Chiang Mai); Mak kwak (หมากกวก) (Bueng Kan, Nongkhai, Laos); Beruas, Bruas, Mangis hutan (Peninsular Malaysia); Parawa ( Myanmar); Jungle mangosteen, Seashore mangosteen (English).

Uses.

The fleshy pulp surrounding the seeds can be consumed and has a sweet-sour taste. The wood is used for house construction, making oars ( Maheshwari 1964; Burkill et al. 1966), the handles of the tools, and bridge posts ( Maheshwari 1964). In Andaman Islands, the wood is used for making bows ( Maheshwari 1964). In Malaysia, Garcinia celebica have been recorded at more than 50 cm dbh and may be logged for timber ( Nazre et al. 2018). The fruits are reported to cause constipation ( Sastri 1956). In Peninsular Malaysia, the roots and leaves are used to relieve itching ( Sastri 1956; Maheshwari 1964). A decoction of the root may be administered after childbirth as a preventive medicine ( Burkill et al. 1966).

Lectotypifications.

Garcinia ferrea was named by Pierre (1882: t. 57), who cited three gatherings: Herb. Pierre 3634, 3635, and 3695 but he did not mention the name of the herbarium where the materials were kept, and following Art. 9.6 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018), they constitute syntypes. The name G. ferrea has been lectotypified twice, first by Nazre (2010: 1256), who selected a specimen Herb. Pierre 3634 in Cambodia, and deposited at P [without barcode], while Nazre et al. (2018: 17) chose a Cambodian specimen of Pierre (Herb. Pierre 3635) housed at P [P 00329882]. Hence, the first lectotypification has priority (as the first-step). We located two sheets of the specimen Herb. Pierre 3634 at P [P 00379823, P 00379824]; therefore, the P [P 00379823] specimen is selected here in a second-step lectotypification (following Art. 9.17 and Ex. 14 of the Shenzhen Code). Incidentally, from our examination of specimens at P Herbarium, Herb. Pierre 3634 (Phu Quoc) and Herb. Pierre 3635 (in montibus Dinh ad Baria Gallicae Austro-Cochinchinae) were not collected from Cambodia as mentioned by Nazre (2010) and Nazre et al. (2018), but were collected in Vietnam.

In the original publication of Garcinia basacensis by Pierre (1882: t. 58), only one gathering is mentioned, Hermand 1074 (Herb. Pierre 3637). The name G. basacensis has been lectotypified twice, firstly, Nazre (2010: 1256) lectotypified this name using the material at P [without barcode], with an isolectotype at K [without barcode] collected from Laos, and secondly, Nazre et al. (2018: 17) lectotypified this name using the same material. Therefore, the first lectotypification has priority (as the first-step). However, there are three sheets of this gathering at P [P 00329870, P 00329871, P 05062473] and the P [P 00329871] material is selected here in a second-step lectotypification. We located one sheet of isolectotype at K [K 000380454].

Garcinia hombroniana was named by Pierre (1883: 12. t. 79 D – F, J) based on the specimens collected from Ile de Singapoor-Détroit de Malacca. He did not designate a holotype nor did he mention the name of the herbarium where the specimens were housed. The name G. hombroniana has been lectotypified twice, first by Nazre (2010: 1256), who designated the specimen collected by J. B. Hombron (Hombron s. n.) from Malacca housed in P [without barcode], and second by Nazre et al. (2018: 17), who selected the same specimen. Therefore, the first lectotypification has priority (as the first-step). We traced seven specimens of J. B. Hombron s. n. at P [P 00329878, P 00329889, P 04700177, P 04700178, P 04700180, P 04700181, P 04700182]. The P [P 00329889] specimen is better preserved and more complete than the others, and hence is chosen here as the second-step lectotype.

Notes.

According to Nazre et al. (2018), the shape and size of leaves of Garcinia celebica are elliptic, broadly elliptic, lanceolate, sub-orbiculate or round and 3.3–17.5 × 1.7–11 cm; the male inflorescences in clusters of 2–14 (– 18) flowers; the staminodes are absent; the ovaries have 4–6 locules; and the shape and size of fruits are ovoid, ellipsoid or globose and up to 5 cm across. Furthermore, from our examinations, we found the shape and size of leaves of this species can be elliptic, oblong-elliptic, ovate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-ovate and sometimes larger, 10–24 × 4–9.5 cm; the male inflorescences in clusters of 2–7 flowers; the staminodes are absent or present; the ovaries have 4–9 locules; and the shape and size of fruits can be broadly ellipsoid, subglobose, globose or depressed globose and sometimes larger, 1.8–5.5 × 2–5.6 cm, without or with a short, thick beak at the apex.

Nazre (2010: 1256) notes that no type specimen was mentioned by Wallich ( Wallich, 1832) in his description of Garcinia speciosa but appeared earlier in Wallich Catalogue 4855 ( Wallich, 1828 –1849) collected from Amherst, Myanmar which Maheshwari (1964: 123) considered the specimen at CAL [without barcode] as the lectotype, and Nazre et al. (2018: 17) mentioned with an isolectotype at K-W [without barcode]. However, we located the lectotype at CAL [CAL 0000065160] and isolectotype at K-W [K 001104074].

In the original description of Garcinia benthamii by Pierre (1882: t. 55, 56.), only one specimen is cited, “ Herb. Pierre n ° 70 ” collected from Cambodia but he did not select a holotype nor did he mention the name of the herbarium where the specimen was housed, and following Art. 9.6 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018), it constitutes a syntype. The name G. benthamii has been lectotypified by Nazre (2010: 1256), who designated the specimen Pierre 700 collected from Cambodia, and deposited at P [P 00329872], with isolectotypes at A [without barcode] and K [without barcode]. However, this specimen has a different collector number than that reported in the original publication of this name. According to Nazre (2010), type specimens of G. benthamii have multiple sheets taken from different localities in Cambodia and Vietnam where some were cultivated. However, based on the Pierre 700 sheets that we examined from P [P 00329872, P 04701491] and L [U 1208099, U 1208248], they were all collected in Vietnam (ad Bung in prov. Saïgon). We have not seen isolectotypes at A and K. The collector number Pierre 70 cited in Pierre (1882) appears to have been an error and should have been 700.

Garcinia riedeliana was named by Pierre (1883: 12. t. 79 A), who stated only one specimen, Riedel s. n. collected from Gorontalo, Sulawesi (also known as Celebes). Nazre et al. (2018: 17) designated this material at K [without barcode] as the lectotype, with an isolectotype at P [without barcode]. However, we could locate the lectotype at K [K 000380456] and we located three sheets of isolectotypes at P [P 04700635, P 04700639, P 04700640].

Garcinia rumphii was named by Pierre (1883: 13. t. 77 A), who cited two specimens: Treub 4168 and Treub 4169 collected from Bangka Island, Indonesia. He did not mention the name of the herbarium where the materials were kept, and following Art. 9.6 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018), they constitute syntypes. The name G. rumphii has been lectotypified in a first-step by Nazre (2010: 1256–1257) using the material Treub 4169 at P [without barcode], and in a second-step by Nazre et al. (2018: 17) using the material Treub 4169 at P [P 04700302], with isolectotypes at P [P 04700298, P 04700299, P 04700301]. However, from our examination of specimens, we found that the P [P 04700301] sheet is labeled with Treub 4168. We also located one sheet of isolectotype at K [K 000380451].

In the original publication of Garcinia kurzii by Pierre (1883: 14. t. 78 A.), only one gathering is stated, Kurz 24 collected from Andamans. He did not mention the name of the herbarium in which it was present, and following Art. 9.6 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018), it constitutes a syntype. Maheshwari (1964: 123) selected a specimen at CAL [without barcode] as the lectotype, without isolectotype. However, we could not locate the lectotype at CAL, and we could trace two sheets of isolectotypes at P [P 00329890, P 00329891].

Pierre (1883: 37) established Garcinia jawoera based on the materials collected from Tandjoor, Java but he did not choose a holotype nor did he mention the name of the herbarium where the specimens were housed. This name has been lectotypified twice, first by Nazre (2010: 1257), who designated the material Pierre 4607 at P [without barcode] collected from Tandjoor, Java, with isolectotypes at P [without barcode] and L [without barcode], and second time by Nazre et al. (2018: 17), who selected the same collection at P [P 00379817], with isolectotypes L [without barcode] and P [P 00379816, P 00379818]. We have not seen the isolectotype at L.

Pierre (1883: 37) erected Garcinia krawang based on the specimen Korthals 1313 a collected from Pulau Lampei (Lampei Island), South Kalimantan, Borneo. The name G. krawang has been lectotypified in a first-step by Nazre (2010: 1257) using the specimen Korthals 1313 a at P [without barcode], and in a second-step by Nazre et al. (2018: 17) using the specimen Korthals 1313 a (Herb. Pierre 4601) at P [P 00379812], without isolectotype. However, we located an isolectotype at P [P 00379813].

Garcinia kingii was named by Pierre but unpublished, and then this name was described by Vesque (1893: 407) based on the specimen collected from Andaman Island. This name has been lectotypified twice, first by Nazre (2010: 1257), who selected the specimen collected by King (King’s Collector s. n.) from Andaman Island housed in K [without barcode], and then again by Nazre et al. (2018: 17), who designated the same specimen. The first lectotypification has priority. We viewed the lectotype at K [K 000380453].

Additional specimens examined.

Thailand. Northern. Chiang Mai [Mae Kuang, near Doi Saket, female fl., 1 Mar 1910 (as G. cornea ), A. F. G. Kerr 1020 ( BM, K); Doi Suthep, male fl., 27 Mar 1910 (as G. cornea ), A. F. G. Kerr 1073 (BM, K, L [L 2408860]); Doi Suthep, fl., 11 Feb 1923 (as G. cornea ), Winit s. n. ( BK, BM); Suthep Subdistrict, male fl., 5 Mar 1937 (as G. speciosa ), J. Samutnavee 13 / 2481 ( BKF); Doi Suthep, fr., 28 Apr 1958 (as G. speciosa ), T. SØrensen et al. 3103 ( BKF, C); Doi Suthep, 12 Jul 1958 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. SØrensen et al. 4025 (C); Doi Suthep, 5 Oct 1958 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. SØrensen et al. 5460 (C); Doi Suthep, 19 Feb 1959 (as G. speciosa ), T. SØrensen et al. 6958 ( BKF, C); Montha Than Waterfall, Doi Suthep, sterile, 5 Feb 1983 (as G. thorelii ), W. Wattanadechseri 25205368 ( QBG); Doi Suthep, male fl., 16 Feb 1988 (as G. speciosa ), J. F. Maxwell 88-190 ( AAU, BKF, L [L 2408855]); Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, sterile, 23 Apr 2003 (as G. speciosa ), J. F. Maxwell et al. 4 ( CMUB); Mae Khan, male fl., Mar 1913 (as G. cornea ), Winit 70 ( BM, K); Doi Inthanon, fr., 9 May 1958 (as G. speciosa ), T. SØrensen et al. 3334 ( BKF, C); Wachirathan Waterfall, Doi Inthanon, male fl., 27 Feb 1979 (as G. speciosa ), H. Koyama et al. 15566 ( AAU, BKF); Doi Inthanon National Park, sterile, 21 Jul 1988 (as G. cf. vilersiana ), C. Phengklai et al. 6708 ( BKF); Ban Mae Bon, Phrao District, fr., 12 Jul 1996 (as G. cf. speciosa ), BGO Staff 6823 ( QBG); Ban Kio Lom, Bo Luang Subdistrict, Hot District, male fl., 18 Mar 2003 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert 033-53 ( BKF); Forest Fire Control Station, Doi Inthanon National Park, fr., 18 May 2003 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert & S. Khaoiam 035-25 ( BKF)]; Chiang Rai [Doi Duan, male fl., 19 Mar 1921 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 5107 (BM, K, P [P 04899657]); Mae Fang, fl., 3 Mar 1928 (as Garcinia sp. ), Winit 1876 ( BK, K)]; Phayao [Doi Luang National Park, Mueang Phayao District, fl., 10 Feb 2016 [as G. propinqua ], N. Muangyen 717 ( QBG)]; Phrae [Mae Yuak, male fl., 3 Mar 1911 (as G. speciosa ), Luang Vanpruk 237 ( BKF)]; Phitsanulok [Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, fr., 20 Jun 1967 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Phusomsaeng 243 ( BKF); Lan Hin Taek, Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Nakhon Thai District, female fl., 24 Feb 2007, C. Ngernsaengsaruay G 52-24022007 ( BKF, spirit material)]; North-Eastern. Loei [Phu Kradueng, Wang Saphung District, male fl., 6 Mar 1942 (as G. speciosa ), Amporn 128 ( BKF); Phu Kradueng, male fl., 6 Mar 1942 (as G. speciosa ), Warison 128 ( BKF 2834); Phu Kradueng, male fl., 6 Mar 1946 (as Garcinia sp. ), Nat 214 (P [P 05062030]); Phu Kradueng, fl., 13 Mar 1948 (as G. speciosa ), K. Suvatabundhu 83, 84 ( BK); Phu Kradueng, fr., 20 Apr 1955 (as G. speciosa ), T. Smitinand 2483 ( BKF); near Huai Phai Waterfall, Phu Ruea National Park, male fl., 4 Mar 1993 (as Garcinia sp. ), P. Chantaranothai et al. 1034 ( BKF); Na Haeo, young fr., 26 Apr 1994 (as G. cowa ), W. Nanakorn et al. (BGO. Staff) 3186 ( AAU, QBG); en route from Khok Nok Kraba to Lon Tae, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, very young fr., 14 May 1998 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert et al. s. n. ( BKF 123962); Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, very young fr., 14 May 1998 (as Garcinia sp. ), K. Chayamarit et al. 1398 ( BKF); Huai Baeng Forest Protection Station, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, fr., 22 Jun 2003 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert 036-46 ( BKF); Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, fr., 11 Jun 2023, C. Ngernsaengsaruay G 53-11062023 ( BKF); Phu Ruea National Park, fr., 23 Mar 2004 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Bunwong et al. 267 ( AAU); Phu Ruea District, fr., 23 Jul 2007 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert 077-31 ( BKF)]; Nong Khai [Phon Phisai District, male fl., 25 Feb 1924 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 8572, 8572 A ( BK, BM, K)]; Bueng Kan [Mueang Bueng Kan District (formerly Chaiyaburi), fl., 20 Feb 1924 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 8513 ( BM, K); Chet Si Waterfall, Seka District, male fl., 25 Feb 2003 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. Wongprasert 032-30 ( BKF)]; Sakon Nakhon [Phu Phan National Park, male fl., 9 Mar 1996 (as G. hombroniana ), P. Puudjaa 194 ( BKF)]; Khon Kaen [Locality not specified, female fl. and young fr., 20 Mar 1942 (as G. speciosa ), Jirapha 36 ( BKF 8457)]; Eastern. Chaiyaphum [Phu Khiao, male fl., 25 Feb 1931 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 20261 ( BK, BM, K); Phu Khiao, fr., 3 Aug 1972 (as Garcnia sp.), K. Larsen et al. 31355 ( AAU); Ban Nam Phrom, young fr., 24 May 1974 (as G. speciosa ), R. Geesink et al. 6922 ( AAU, BKF, C, K, L [L 0089486], P [P 05061691]); Tat Ton Waterfall, Tat Ton National Park, fr., 19 Jun 2003 (as Garcnia sp.), T. Wongprasert 036-3 ( BKF)]; Ubon Ratchathani [Huai Phok Waterfall, Dong Na Tham Forest, Pha Taem National Park, Khong Chiam District, fr., 1 Mar 2007 (as G. cowa ), S. Suddee et al. 3082 ( BKF)]; South-Western. Uthai Thani [Ban Rai District, fr., 17 Nov 1961 (as Garcnia sp.), B. Sangkhachand 250 ( AAU, C, K); Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Ban Rai District, male fl., 20 Feb 1970 (as G. cf. hombroniana ), C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 2866 ( AAU, BKF, C, E [E 00839762], P [P 05062059]); ibid., female fl., 20 Feb 1970 (as G. cf. hombroniana ), C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 2879 ( AAU, BKF, C, E [E 00839761], P [P 05062010]); ibid., male fl., 22 Feb 1970 (as G. cf. hombroniana ), C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 2916 ( AAU, BKF); Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, fr., 10 Apr 1996 (as Garcnia sp.), T. Wongprasert et al. s. n. ( BKF 109898)]; Kanchanaburi [Ban Cha Kae Yai, male fl., 28 Feb 1973 (as Garcnia sp.), C. Phengklai et al. 3069 ( BKF, C, K, L [L 2409478], P [P 05062048]); Than Thong Waterfall trail, Chaloem Rattanakosin National Park, Si Sawat District, sterile, 28 Mar 2018 (as G. mangostana ), W. La-ongsri et al. 5577 ( QBG)]; Phetchaburi [Kaeng Krachan National Park, sterile, 8 Mar 1994 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Santisuk et al. s. n. ( BKF); Kaeng Krachan National Park, male fl., 29 Jan 2005 (as Garcnia sp.), K. Williams et al. 1189 ( BKF)]; Prachuap Khiri Khan [Bang Saphan Yai, Bang Saphan District. male fl., 13 Nov 1944 (as G. hombroniana ), Taew 117 ( BKF); Huai Yang National Park, Thap Sakae District, male fl., 26 Jan 2004 (as Garcnia sp.), D. J. Middleton et al. 2509 (A [00466332], BKF)]; Central. Saraburi [Phu Khae Botanical Garden, 23 Apr 2017, C. Ngernsaengsaruay own observation] South-Eastern. Sa Kaeo [Nong I Lom, sterile, 15 Mar 1932 (as G. speciosa ), Unkonwn 82 ( BKF 209)]; Prachin Buri [Yan Ri Subdistrict, Kabin Buri District, sterile, 13 Jun 1936 (as G. speciosa ), S. Arirop s. n. ( BKF)]; Chon Buri [Si Racha District, fr., 14 Apr 1922 (as G. speciosa ), D. J. Collins 788 ( BK, K); Si Racha District, fl. buds, 23 Apr 1923 (as G. speciosa ), D. J. Collins 898 (BK, K, L [L 0535229, L 2408870]); Nong Nok Takrum, near Si Racha District, male fl., 3 Nov 1927 (as G. cf. cornea ), D. J. Collins 1693 (BK, K, L [L 2408856]); Si Racha District, young fr., 19 Dec 1927 (as G. cf. speciosa ), D. J. Collins 1823 ( BK, BM, K); Si Racha District, male fl., Nov 1934 (as G. speciosa ), D. J. Collins s. n. (K, P [P 04701267]); Ko Khram, Sattahip District, male fl., 22 Oct 1999 (as G. speciosa ), C. Phengklai et al. 12064 ( BKF); Khao Khiao Open Zoo, very young fr., 10 Dec 2000 (as G. speciosa ), C. Phengklai et al. 12847 ( BKF)]; Chanthaburi [Khlung District, young fr., 3 Dec 1924 (as G. cf. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 9526 ( BK, BM, K); Khao Khitchakut National Park, fr., 14 Apr 1925 (as G. speciosa ), Nai Noe 71 ( BK, BM, K); Ban Phluang, fl., 24 Nov 1930 (as G. cf. speciosa ), M. C. Lakshnakara 522 (BK, C, K, L [L 2408869], P [P 04701266]); Pong Nam Ron District, male fl., 19 Feb 1956 (as Garcnia sp.), B. Sangkhachand 600 (C, P [P 05062028]); Makham District, fr., 12 Jan 1958 (as Garcnia sp.), T. SØrensen et al. 162, 163 (C); Khao Khitchakut National Park, fr., 8 Feb 1987 (as G. hombroniana ), C. Niyomdham et al. 1319 ( AAU, BKF, C, K); Trat [Bo Rai District, male fl., 27 Nov 1924 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 9451 ( BM, K); Dan Chumphon, fr., 19 Dec 1929 (as G. cf. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 17613 ( BK, BM, K); Khao Kuap, fl., 26 Dec 1929 ( Garcinia sp. ), A. F. G. Kerr 17784 ( BK); Ko Chang, fr., 22 Feb 1955 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Smitinand 2274 ( BKF); Than Mayom Waterfall, Ko Chang, fr., 12 Mar 1970 (as Garcinia sp. ), C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 3195 ( AAU, BKF, C, L [L 0089540, L 2409572, L 2409573], P [P 04700768]); Ao Salat, Ko Kut, fr., 5 Apr 1959 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Smitinand 5678 ( BKF); Ko Kut, fr., 5 Apr 1959 (as Garcinia sp. ), T. SØrensen et al. 7177 ( BKF, C); Ko Kut, female fl. and young fr., 20 Oct 2000 (as G. speciosa ), C. Phengklai et al. 13092 ( BKF); Khlong Chao, Ao Phrao, Ko Kut [Leaves belong to G. celebica but fruits belong to G. cowa ], 7 Apr 2002 (as G. speciosa ), C. Phengklai et al. 13468 ( BKF); Khao Lan, Khlong Yai District, fr., 24 Feb 2018, C. Ngernsaengsaruay G 53-24022018 ( BKF); Ko Kut, 15 Oct 2022, C. Ngernsaengsaruay own observation]; Peninsular. Chumphon [Ban Thung Kha, young fr., 13 Jan 1927 (as G. cf. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 11412 ( BK, BM, K); Sand dune, Pathio District, 24 Apr 2022, C. Ngernsaengsaruay own observation]; Ranong [Ko Boi Noi, fr., 22 Feb 1966 (as G. hombroniana ), Sakol Sutheesorn 902 ( BK)]; Surat Thani [Ko Tao, fr., 30 Dec 1926 (as G. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 11179 (BM, C, K, L [L 2408868], P [P 04701273]); Ko Tao, male fl., 15 Apr 1927 (as G. cf. cornea ), A. F. G. Kerr 12752 (BM, K, L [L 2408857]); Tha Khanon Subdistict, fl., 28 Aug 1931 (as G. speciosa ), Luang Saman 45 ( BKF); Tha Chang District, fl., 15 Jan 1935 (as G. hombroniana ), Luang Saman 2585 (C, SING); Khao Tok Nong, Thung Thong Non-hunting Area, Khiansa District, fl., 23 Apr 2005 (as Garcnia sp.), R. Pooma et al. 5172 ( AAU, BKF); Ko Pha Luai, male fl., 21 Apr 2009 (as G. cowa ), C. Phengklai et al. 15862 ( BKF); Khao Ra, Than Sadet-Ko Pha-Ngan National Park, 17 Sep 2017, C. Ngernsaengsaruay own observation]; Phangnga [Ko Yao Yai, fr., 4 Mar 1929 (as G. cf. speciosa ), A. F. G. Kerr 17338 ( BK, BM, K); Ko Boi Noi, fr., 22 Feb 1966 (as G. hombroniana ), B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 12429 ( BKF, E [E 00839760]); Ko Miang, Mu Ko Similan National Park, fl., 15 Jan 1992 (as Garcnia sp.), C. Niyomdham 2904 ( AAU, BKF); Ko Yao, fr., 2 Apr 1998 (as Garcnia sp.), P. Triboun & M. Triboun 922 ( BK); Ko Yao Yai, sterile, 30 Apr 2007 (as G. mangostana ), C. Phengklai et al. 15518 ( BKF)]; Krabi [Khao Pra Bang Khram, fr., 4 Apr 1988 (as G. hombroniana ), C. Niyomdham & W. Ueachirakan 1762 ( AAU, BKF, K); Khao Pra Bang Khram Wildlife Sanctuary, Khlong Thom Nuea Subdistrict, Khlong Thom District, fr., 26 Mar 2006 (as G. hombroniana ), J. F. Maxwell 06-205 ( CMUB, QBG); ibid. fr., 15 Feb 2022, C. Ngernsaengsaruay et al. G 54-15022022 ( BKF, spirit material); Ao Nang, fr., s. d. (as Garcnia sp.), K. Larsen et al. 43371 ( AAU); Ko Lanta, female fl., 5 May 2013 (as Garcnia sp.), B. Sonsupab L- 50 ( BK)]; Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khiriwong, sterile, 1 Sep 1952 (as G. hombroniana ), P. Suvarnakoses 423 ( BKF); Karome Waterfall, Khao Luang National Park, Lansaka District, fr., 17 Mar 1985 (as G. hombroniana ), J. F. Maxwell 85-300 (A [00466348], AAU, BKF, PSU); Krung Ching Waterfall, Khao Luang National Park, Tha Sala District, fr., 14 Mar 2005 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner et al. ST 1671 ( BKF, K); ibid., female fl., 27 Feb 2006 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 1671 a (K)]; Trang [Kachong, sterile, 9 Jun 1933 (as G. speciosa ), Put 271 ( BKF); Khao Chong, male fl., 15 Jun 1966 (as G. speciosa ), C. Boonnab & L. Phuphathanaphong 293 ( BKF); Ton Te Waterfall, Palian District, fr., 2003 (as G. speciosa ), A. Sinbumroong & S. Davies AS 405 ( BKF); Locality not specified, male fl., 14 Jan 1916 (as G. cornea ), Luang Vanpruk 816 (K)]; Satun [Ko Adang, Tarutao National Park, fl., 14 Jan 1928 (as G. cornea ), A. F. G. Kerr 14078 (BK, BM, K, L [L 2408859]); Ko Tarutao, fl., 20 Jan 1928 (as G. cornea ), A. F. G. Kerr 14225 ( BK, K); Ko Tarutao, male fl., 11 Nov 1979 (as G. hombroniana ), G. Congdon 148 ( AAU, PSU); Ko Tarutao, fl., 14 Nov 1979 (as G. hombroniana ), G. Congdon 165 ( AAU, PSU); Ao Phante, Ko Tarutao, sterile, 30 Jul 1980 (as G. cf. hombroniana ), G. Congdon 801 (A [00466349], AAU, PSU); Ao Son, Tarutao National Park, La Ngu District, fr., 10 Feb 2005 (as Garcinia sp. ), P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST 1488 (K); road to Ao Son, Tarutao National Park, La Ngu District, fl., 11 Feb 2005 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner ST 1501 (K); Ao Russi, Tarutao National Park, La Ngu District, sterile, 21 May 2005 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner et al. ST 1859 (K); ibid., fr., 21 May 2005 (as Garcinia sp. ), Gardner et al. ST 1860 (K); Tarutao National Park, La Ngu District, fl., 1 Apr 2006 (as Garcinia sp. ), P. Sidisunthorn ST 2535 (K); Ko Tarutao, young fr., 8 Apr 2008 (as G. mangostana ), C. Phengklai et al. 15703 ( BKF); Ko Tarutao, fr., 8 Apr 2008 (as G. mangostana ), C. Phengklai et al. 15806 ( BKF); Ko Tarutao, 8 Apr 2008 (as Garcinia sp. ), B. Sonsupab 3981 ( BK)]; Songkhla [Sadao District, fl., 22 Feb 1941 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Premrasami s. n. ( BKF); Khlong Huai Phlu, Prik Subdistrict, Sadao District, sterile, 12 Mar 1954 (as G. speciosa ), Snguan s. n. ( BKF); Khao Noi, fl., Feb 1950 (as Garcnia sp.), L. Williams 17272 (K); Khao Noi, female fl., s. d. (as G. hombroniana ), T. Smitinand & Williams 17272 ( BKF); Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, fr., 10 May 1979 (as G. hombroniana ), H & C 444 ( PSU); Ton Nga Chang Waterfall level 5, Hat Yai District, fl., 14 May 2004 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner ST 0524 (K); Ton Nga Chang Waterfall level 3, Hat Yai District, fl., 30 Jan 2006 (as Garcinia sp. ), S. Gardner ST 2278 (K); Boriphat Waterfall Park, Rattaphum District, male fl., 8 Feb 1985 (as G. hombroniana ), J. F. Maxwell 85-167 ( BKF, PSU); Boriphat Waterfall, fl., 17 Dec 2003 (as Garcnia sp.), A. S. Barfod et al. 583 ( AAU); Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai District, fr., 29 Apr 1985 (as G. hombroniana ), P. Sirirugsa 1013 ( BKF, PSU); Khao Kho Hong, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai District, fr., 24 Mar 2008 (as G. hombroniana ), N. Boonnak 006, 007 ( PSU); Khlong Rhang Hill, Na Mom District, fr., 15 May 1985 (as G. hombroniana ), J. F. Maxwell 85-474 ( AAU, BKF, PSU); Khlong Rhang Hill, Na Mom District, male fl., 15 Feb 1986 (as G. hombroniana ), J. F. Maxwell 86-68 ( AAU, BKF, PSU); Khao Tang Kuan, fl., 30 Aug 1997 (as G. hombroniana ), N. Yutaworawit 2 E ( PSU); Ban Taling Chan, Chana District, fr., 17 May 1999 (as G. maingayi ), S. Petchsri 1 ( PSU)]; Pattani [Nong Chik District, fr., 21 Jul 1990 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Santisuk s. n. ( BKF)]; Yala [Betong District, fl., 24 Feb 1941 (as G. hombroniana ), T. Premrasami 129 ( BKF)]; Narathiwat [Waeng District, fr., 6 Sep 1966 (as G. robusta ), B. Sangkhachand & B. Nimanong 1320 ( BKF); Waeng District, fr., 8 Sep 1966 (as Garcinia sp. ), Prayad 373 ( BK); Khao Tan Yong, sterile, 5 Jun 1973 (as Garcinia sp. ), C. Chai-anan 451 ( BKF); Forest behind Wat To Mo, Sukhirin District, fr., 9 Aug 1996 (as Garcinia sp. ), P. Puudjaa 264 ( BKF)].

Figures

Figure 1. Garcinia celebica A branchlets, leaves, and fruit B branchlets and male inflorescences with male flower buds and male flower C male flower (top view) D male flower (side view) E male flower showing 4 - lobed stamen bundle and a pistillode (sepals and petals removed) F female flower (top view) G female flower (side view) H branchlet and fruit I fruit showing persistent sepals J fruit (transverse section) and seeds with a fleshy pulp. Photo: Drawn by Wanwisa Bhuchaisri.

Figure 2. Garcinia celebica A stem and bark B slashed bark with white latex C branchlets and leaves D, E branchlets and male inflorescences with male flower buds and male flowers F branchlet and female inflorescence with female flowers G branchlets, leaves, and mature fruits H, I mature and ripe fruits and seeds with a white fleshy pulp. Photos: Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay.

Figure 3. Lectotype of Garcinia hombroniana, a synonym of Garcinia celebica, J. B. Hombron s. n. (P [P 00329889]) from Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia, second-step lectotype designated here. Photo: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00329889.