Clepsis neglectana ( Herrich-Schaeffer , 1851)

Zlatkov, Boyan & Huemer, Peter, 2019, Remarkable confusion in some Western Palearctic Clepsis leads to a revised taxonomic concept (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), ZooKeys 885, pp. 51-87 : 51

Clepsis neglectana ( Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851)

neglectana Herrich-Schäffer, 1847 (uninominal): pl. 9, fig. 59

Tortrix (Lozotaenia) neglectana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: 167 (Germany)

Tortrix (Heterognomon) betulifoliana Lederer, 1859: 248 (Poland)

Cacoecia delibatana Rotschild, 1912: 27 (Hungary)

Tortrix dorana Kennel, 1919: 60 (Kazakhstan: Ili)

Tortrix flavana Duponchel, 1834: 87, pl. 239, fig. 6 (France)

non Tortrix striolana Ragonot, 1879

non Tortrix xylotoma Meyrick, 1891

non Tortrix trivia Meyrick, 1913

non Cacoecia acclivana Zerny, 1933

Material examined.

Lectotype ♂ (here designated): pinned, genitalia on a slide, with 7 labels: “Typus!” [handwritten] “Origin.” [red printed] "ex coll. 1/1 / Staudinger" [printed] "Dresden / n. sp." [handwritten] "Genital-Unters. / Nr. 0024" “H.-Sch.” [both printed] "Lectotype / Tortrix neglectana / Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 / des. Zlatkov & Huemer 2019" [red printed].

GERMANY • 1 ♂; Dresden; Staudinger leg.; GS (genitalia slide) 0024; MFN.

Other material: GERMANY •1 ♂; Disque leg.; GS M.044; ZSM • 1 ♂; Southern Germany; Disque leg.; GS 1/2.11.2018; ZSM • 1 ♂; Dresden; Schmidt leg.; GS 1/5.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♀; Dresden, Loschwitz; GS 3/4.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♀; Dresden [?];6 Jul. 1897; GS 4/4.12.2018; MTD • POLAND • 1 ♂; Szczecin, Dabie; 30 Jul.; unknown leg.; GS 1/5.11.2018; ZSM • FINLAND • 2 ♂♂; Valkeala; 28 Jul.-4 Aug. 1999; T. Mutanen leg.; GS 1/2.2.2018, 2/9.2.2018; ZMUO • 1 ♂; Valkeala; 22-27 Jul. 1999; GS 1/7.11.2018; ZMUO • 2 ♂♂; Valkeala; 20-24 Jul. 1998; P. Sundell & T. Mutanen leg.; GS 1/5.2.2018, 1/9.2.2018; ZMUO • 1 ♂; Haapasaari; 15 Jul. 1973; J. Jalava leg.; GS 1/3.2.2018; ZMUO • 2 ♀♀; Haapasaari; 6-7 Aug. 2004; J. Junnilainen leg.; GS 1/14.12.2018, 2/14.12.2018; CJJ.

Diagnosis.

Externally, C. neglectana is similar to the other species in the C. neglectana species group (apart from C. striolana ) and C. consimilana , but the markings are darker and the costal fold is rudimentary. The male genitalia are very close to C. striolana , with the most obvious difference in the shape of labis; additionally, the setal tuft of the valva is less compact and smaller, the sacculus is straighter, and the vesica most often bears a single cornutus. Clepsis neglectana differs from C. acclivana and C. trivia by the shape of the uncus and numerous characters on the valvae and phallus. Apart from the forewing pattern, the female differs from C. striolana by the presence of a transparent protrusion of the colliculum on the right side, and from C. trivia by the length and shape of the colliculum. In contrast to C. trivia , both C. neglectana and C. striolana lack a plate-like signum.

Description.

Adult ( Fig. 2 A–C ). Sexual dimorphism not detected. Head. Vertex, frons, palps and antennae monochrome, covered with ochreous scales. Sensilla trichodea (often referred to as “cilia”) on antennae denser and longer in males. Thorax dorsally, legs and tegula ochreous, thorax ventrally creamy. Forewing length in males 6.3-7.4 mm (mean 6.9, N = 10), in females 6.5-8.2 mm (mean 7.3, N = 4). Forewing elongated, with costa convex basally and slightly concave apically, costal fold rudimentary ( Fig. 3A ). Upperside background ochreous to ferruginous with darker transverse or reticulate pattern. Markings brown to grey brown: basal blotch usually ill-defined, expressed mainly at costa and dorsum; median fascia widened at the middle. Subapical blotch triangular, ill-defined, sometimes connected with the median fascia. Cilia concolourous or paler than background. Underside pale grey-brown, sometimes with ill-defined reticulate pattern and creamy longitudinal blotch in the distal half of costa. Hindwing grey on both sides with underside paler, cilia whitish with grey line. Abdomen grey. Male genitalia ( Fig. 4A, B ). Uncus ovoid, widening apically, rounded, gnathos relatively large, socius membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite of valva relatively narrow, with short elliptic labis covered with small acanthae and extended into triangular pointed medial process ( Fig. 5A, B ). Apical part of sacculus ca. 1.4 × longer than basal part, both forming angle of 145-155°, saccular process pointed. Membranous part of valva with protuberance bearing tuft of firmly attached, relatively sparse scales and setae; its terminal part with concave dorsal and convex ventral margin, brachiola ill-defined, pointed dorsolaterally. Posterior part of phallus slightly bent dorsally, with lateral process as long as 0.23 × distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, straight, in single specimen apically bent dorsally. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 130-140°. Caulis large, L-shaped, parallel to coecum. Vesica bent at ca. 110° dorsally, with small basal widening and terminal diverticulum mediodorsally, slightly pointed to right ( Fig. 6A ). One long, slightly curved deciduous cornutus attached ventroterminally adjacent to gonopore ( Fig. 7A ); single specimen with two cornuti. Female genitalia ( Fig. 8A ) with papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores 1.3 × longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with shallow lateral sclerotised pockets cephalad and large excavation on the dorsal wall. Colliculum short, with length 0.14 × length of ductus bursae, straight, funnel-shaped, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation and lateral protrusion at right cranial end consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left to cuticular protrusion, with cestum extending along cranial 0.9 × of its length and expanding for short distance on corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum ( Fig. 9A ).

Preimaginal stages are unknown.

Molecular data

( Fig. 16 ). BIN: BOLD:AAM0282. DNA barcodes identical (N = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest BIN-sharing neighbour, C. striolana , is 1.53%.

Distribution

( Fig. 17 ). Central and Northern Europe. Previous records from other parts of the Palaearctic (e.g., Wang et al. 2003) need reconsideration.

Ecology.

Moths were collected in July and the beginning of August. The larval host plant is stated as Fragaria ( Razowski 2002) but due to repeated misidentifications this record as well as published habitats need verification.

Remarks.

This is the oldest described taxon from the group. Many other taxa were subsequently synonymised, but at least three of them are species bona and three others are incertae sedis (see below).

Figures

Figure 2. Adults of Clepsis neglectana species group A-C C. neglectana: A lectotype of Tortrix neglectana B male, Southern Germany C Female, Germany D-G C. striolana: D lectotype of T. striolana E paralectotype of T. striolana F male, Austria, South Tyrol G female, Austria, South Tyrol H-K C. trivia: H holotype of T. trivia I-J males, Crete K female, Crete L-M C. acclivana: L lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana M paralectotype of C. acclivana N T. severana holotype O Cacoecia unifasciana var. semiana holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm, all to scale.

Figure 3. Costal folds of males of Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana E C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana F C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 1 mm, all to scale.

Figure 4. Male genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group (some without phallus) A, B C. neglectana: A Tortrix neglectana lectotype B C. neglectana, Southern Germany C, D C. striolana: C T. striolana lectotype D C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol E, F C. trivia: E T. trivia holotype F C. trivia, Crete. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Figure 5. Labides of Clepsis spp. A, B C. neglectana: A Southern Germany B Finland C C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol D C. trivia, Crete E C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana F, G C. consimilana: F Germany, neotype of Tortrix consimilana G Italy H C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 6. Phalli with vesicae everted of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana. The phallus of each species is shown in three aspects from top to bottom: sclerotised phallic tube (without vesica) in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with black arrow), vesica in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with white arrow) and whole phallus in left view. 1 cornutus, 2 diverticulum, 3 location of gonopore, 4 phallic process, 5 caulis. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Figure 7. Specialised male setae in Clepsis spp. A-E cornuti: A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana E C. eatoniana, Spain F modified large seta from the medial surface of valva of C. consimilana, Germany. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 8. Female genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete. The top row shows the whole genitalia, the bottom row shows the sterigma and colliculum enlarged. 1 papilla analis, 2 apophysis posterior, 3 sterigma, 4 colliculum, 5 apophysis anterior, 6 ductus seminalis, 7 ductus bursae, 8 cestum, 9 corpus bursae, 10 falcate signum, 11 plate shaped signum, 12 ostium, 13 sclerotised plicae, 14 protrusion. Scale bars: 1 mm (top row), 250 μm (bottom row).

Figure 9. Signa of bursa copulatrix in Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana B C. striolana C C. trivia D C. consimilana E C. eatoniana F A detail of plate shaped signum of C. consimilana consisting of sclerotised papillae. 1 falcate signum, 2 plate shaped signum, 3 cestum. Scale bars: 250 μm (A-E, all to scale), 25 μm (F).

Figure 16. Neighbour-joining tree of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA 6; cf. Tamura et al. 2013). Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2 x scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).

Figure 17. Distribution map of examined material of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net).