Neogreenia lonicera Wu & Nan

Wu, San’An & Nan, Nan, 2012, Neogreenia lonicera sp. nov., a new species of Margarodidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from China, with a key to species of Neogreenia MacGillivray and placement of the genus in the family Kuwaniidae, Zootaxa 3274, pp. 43-54 : 47-53

Neogreenia lonicera Wu & Nan , sp. nov.

Material examined. Holotype: adult female, collected at Helan Mountain, Bayan Hot [N° 38.50 E °105.41], Alxa Meng, Inner Mongolia, China, in the bark crevices of Lonicera microphylla ( Caprifoliaceae ) by Nan Nan, 27 July 2010. Paratypes: 11 adult females, 9 first-instar nymphs and 18 second-instar nymphs: data as for holotype.

Adult female ( Figs 2 , 5 , 6 ). Unmounted material. Body elongate; dorsum convex and venter flat; derm membranous, orange-yellow; eyes and mouthparts black; antennae, legs and spiracles yellow-brown and well developed; body surrounded by white wax. Located in bark crack of host plant.

Mounted material. Oblong, 2.43–5.00 mm long, 1.20–1.63 mm wide. Antennae ten-segmented, 550–750 long, placed close together (70–80 apart, less than 2/3 width of base of antennae) on apex of head; proximal 3 segments each a truncated cone, apical 7 segments each an inverted truncated cone in outline; scape much enlarged, with 1 or 2 rings of setae in middle section; segment II (pedicel) with 1–3 rings of setae and 3–5 circular sensory pores (mostly 3); other segments sub-equal in size; segments III–IX each bearing a ring of setae on distal margin, of which one or two often conspicuously stouter sensory setae; segment X with truncated apex and with 10–12 setae at apex, mostly long and thin but about 4 stout and sensory. Eyespot circular, located outside base of antennae. Mouthparts present, labium short conical, one-segmented or indistinctly 2-segmented; stylet usually present. Legs well-developed, each face of trochanter bearing 3 sensory pores (campaniform sensilla) and 1 long hair-like seta; femur strong, three times as wide as tibia; tibia slightly curved, about 1.2 times length of femur, with a tuft of 6–8 long, sharply-tipped setae at distal end; tarsus obviously bent and sickle-shaped, half length of tibia; claw with 3 small denticles and a pair of sharply-tipped digitules, each shorter than claw. Length: front leg: coxa 68–90, trochanter + femur 238–273, tibia 193–248, tarsus 103–125, claw 35–38; middle leg: coxa 78–88, trochanter + femur 223–270, tibia 193–250, tarsus 113–128, claw 38–40; hind leg: coxa 75–91, trochanter + femur 233–275, tibia 210–270, tarsus 115–135, claw 35–38. Thoracic spiracles each with a large group (13–16) of multilocular disc pores at inner end of atrium. Abdominal spiracles in 6 pairs on abdominal segments I–VI, each smaller than thoracic spiracles and with few (4–5) multilocular pores within atrium. Anal opening dorsal, located on anterior margin of segment IX, with a sclerotized semi-circular anal ring. Vulva longitudinally slit-like, placed on venter between abdominal segments VIII and IX. Tubular ducts absent.

Dorsum. Disc pores of 2 types: large discoidal pores and small loculate pores. Each large discoidal pore 10.0 in diameter, present as follows: with 1–3 pores on each side of head; one pore sub-marginally on each thoracic segment, and 2–6 pores in a group on each side of abdominal segments I–VIII. Small loculate pores, each 7.5 in diameter with 2–5 central loculi but no peripheral loculi, in transverse rows or bands on each segment. Setae short, simple and hair-like, always present as a row or band anterior to each band of small loculate pores.

Venter. Disc pores of 4 types: (i) large discoidal pores, (ii) small discoidal pores, (iii) small loculate pores and (iv) multilocular pores. Large discoidal pores similar in size and structure to those on dorsum, few, with single pores present medially on meso- and metathorax and submarginally on abdominal segments VI–IX. Each small discoidal pore 4 in diameter, only present on abdominal segments VII–IX, intermixed with small loculate pores. Small loculate pores similar in size and structure to those on dorsum, forming transverse rows or bands across each segment. Each multilocular pore 5.0– 8.5 in diameter with 4–8 central loculi and 14–16 peripheral loculi, present only around each thoracic and abdominal spiracle and within spiracular atrium. Setae similar to those on dorsum but longer, also forming rows or bands on each segment. Derm micro-sculptured medially.

First-instar nymph (crawler) ( Figs. 3 , 7 ).

Unmounted material. Body yellow, oblong, 0.61–0.74mm long and 0.20–0.24mm wide. Posterior extremity blunt, with a pair of long caudal setae, each about 112 long.

Mounted material. Derm membranous. Antennae 7-segmented, each 130–145 long, located at apex of head, bases close together, almost touching; basal segment largest, followed by segments VI and VII, then II, IV and V, segment III smallest. Segment I truncated cone-like, II and VII column-like, III ring-like, IV–VI inverted truncated cone-like; segment II with a circular sensory pore; segment VII somewhat swollen with 3 long thin setae, 4 sensory setae and a pair of coeloconic sensilla at apex, plus a sensory seta at base. Eyespots present. Mouthparts well developed, located between front and middle legs; labium 2-segmented; stylet very long, up to 2 or 3 times body length, rolling into 3 or 4 rings. Legs well developed, front legs stouter and shorter than middle and hind legs. Femur broad, front femur widest; trochanter with one long seta and two sensory pores (campaniform sensilla) on each face; claw slender, with a denticle near extremity plus a pair of claw digitules, each with a slightly swollen apex, longer than claw. Length: front leg: coxa 20–23, trochanter +femur 55–70, tibia 20–25, tarsus 25–28, claw 13–15; middle leg: coxa 20, trochanter + femur 55–70, tibia 28–33, tarsus 28–33, claw 13–15; hind leg: coxa 18–20, trochanter + femur 53–73, tibia 25–33, tarsus 25–33, claw 13–18. Thoracic spiracles with one disc pore in each atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, only present on abdominal segment I, without pores in atrium. Anal opening with a semi-circular sclerotized ring, located near center of last dorsal segment.

Dorsum. With 3 pairs of multilocular disc pores, one 4–5 in diameter, usually with 5 or 6 loculi but occasionally only 3 loculi in pore located near base of each antenna; one pair 7 in diameter with 4–6 loculi located on lateral margin of head, plus a pair with 5 or 6 loculi on margin of prothorax. Setae hair-like, distributed marginally and submarginally, with 3 pairs of longer setae on last abdominal segment.

Venter. Abdominal segment VI and VII each with one circular cicatrix. Disc pores of 2 types: single quinquelocular pores, each 8 in diameter, near each spiracle; and a bilocular pore with 2 loculi, 6 long and 4 wide, present on either side of labium. Ventral setae longer than dorsal setae. Derm micro-sculptured medially on metathorax and abdomen.

Second-instar nymph (cyst) ( Figs. 4 , 8 ).

Unmounted material. Body oval or oblong, posterior extremity more or less sclerotized, 1.13–2.25mm long and 0.78–1.38mm wide.

Mounted material. Antennae reduced to small oval disks, each bearing 5 or 6 setae. Mouthparts well developed, labium 2-segmented, stylets present; legs wanting. Thoracic spiracles of moderate size, each with a narrow apodeme and with a large group (10 or 11) of multilocular disc pores within atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, 6 pairs as in adult female in abdominal segments I–VI, each with a few (5 or 6) multilocular disc pores within atrium. Anal opening with a semicircular sclerotized ring, located at centre of last dorsal segment.

Dorsum Discoidal pores, each 11 in diameter, forming a submarginal row, with one on each side of head and each thoracic segment, plus 1 or 2 on each side of abdominal segment I–VIII. With sparse, short spinose setae, 7–9 long.

Venter Multilocular disc pores each 9 in diameter with 4–6 central loculi and 14–16 peripherical loculi, forming a marginal band on head and prothorax, and also in short transverse rows or bands near each thoracic and abdominal spiracle. With short setae, 9–12 long, among multilocular disc pores, and 3 pairs of long setae, each about 20 long, on site of 3 pairs of legs.

Adult male. Not found.

Etymology. The specific name lonicera is derived from the generic name of the insect’s host plant.

Remarks. The genus Neogreenia now includes five species, which can be divided into two groups. Group 1 includes N. zeylanica and N. zizyphi , and Group 2 the other three species ( N. osmanthus , N. sophorica and N. lonicera ). The adult females of species in Group 1 are reddish in colour, without a group of discoidal pores on the posterior ventral abdomen and male stages have been collected. In Group 2, the body of the adult female is yellowish, there is a large group of simple pores on the posterior ventral abdomen and no male stages have yet been found.

The three species of Group 2 of Neogreenia are all very similar. The adult female of N. lonicera differs from that of N. osmanthus in having long acute setae on the distal end of each tibia rather than capitate setae; it differs from N. sophorica in having three denticles on each claw (only two on N. sophorica ) and the disc pores on either side of the mouthparts of the first-instar nymph are bilocular pores rather than trilocular pores as in N. sophorica .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Neogreenia lonicera Wu & Nan, adult female. Where: A. apical segment of antenna; B. thoracic spiracle; C. abdominal spiracle; D. multilocular pores; E. hind trochanter; F. small loculate pores; G. microsculptured derm; H. large discoidal pore; I. small discoidal pore; J. vulva; K. ventral seta; L. dorsal seta; M. hind tibia and tarsus; N. hind claw; O. anal ring.

FIGURE 3. Neogreenia lonicera Wu & Nan, first-instar nymph (crawler). Where: A. apical segment of antenna; B. a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C. bilocular pore; D. thoracic spiracle; E. quinquelocular pore; F. hind claw; G. dorsal disc pores; H. hind trochanter.

FIGURE 4. Neogreenia lonicera, Second-instar nymph (cyst). Where: A. antenna; B. ventral setae; C. abdominal spiracle; D. multilocular disc pore in atrium of spiracles; E. ventral multilocular disc pores; F. thoracic spiracle; G. dorsal discoidal pore.

FIGURE 5. Lonicera microphylla infested by Neogreenia lonicera. No visible damage was displayed even to at the highest population density of up to 6 or 7 individuals per square centimeter.

FIGURES 6 – 8. Neogreenia lonicera, slide-mounted specimens. 6. adult female; 7. first-instar nymph; 8. second-instar nymph.