Sulciclivina attenuata attenuata ( Herbst, 1806 )

Balkenohl, Michael, 2023, Revision of the genus Sulciclivina Balkenohl, 2022 from Asia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini), European Journal of Taxonomy 915 (1), pp. 1-57 : 7-13

Sulciclivina attenuata attenuata ( Herbst, 1806)

Figs 1 , 4–5 , 24–26, 36–37, 53

Scarites attenuatus Herbst, 1806: 264 (original description).

Clivina picipes Bonelli, 1813: 481 (original description).

Clivina melanaria Putzeys, 1846: 586 (original description).

Scarites attenuatus – Putzeys 1846: 626 (observation); 1863: 51 (comparaison).

Clivina picipes – Putzeys 1846: 623 (redescription); 1863: 51 (additional description); 1867: 110 (first list of synonyms). — Bates 1889: 262 (list of synonyms); 1891: cccxxv (enumeration of synonyms); 1892: 275 (enumeration of synonyms). — Andrewes 1922: 393 (whereabouts of types); 1926: 374 (whereabouts of types); 1927: 98 (whereabouts of types); 1929: 355 (catalogue of synonymies); 1930: 111 (catalogue). — Balkenohl 1994: 25 (list of synonyms); 2001: 14 (catalogue); 2017: 255 (catalogue). — Csiki 1927: 497 (catalogue).

Clivina melanaria – Putzeys 1863: 51 (faunistics); 1867: 110 (first list of synonyms). — Bates 1889: 262 (list of synonyms); 1891: cccxxv (enumeration of synonyms); 1892: 275 (enumeration of synonyms). — Andrewes 1919: 206 (whereabouts of types); 1922: 393 (whereabouts of types); 1926: 374 (whereabouts of types); 1927: 98 (whereabouts of types); 1929: 355 (catalogue of synonymies); 1930: 111 (catalogue). — Balkenohl 1994: 25 (list of synonyms); 2001: 14 (catalogue); 2017: 255 (catalogue). — Csiki 1927: 497 (catalogue).

Clivina attenuata – Putzeys 1867: 110 (catalogue). — Bates 1889: 262 (faunisctics); 1891: cccxxv (faunistical enumeration); 1892: 275 (redescription and fanunistics). — Andrewes 1919: 206 (whereabouts of types); 1921: 340 (faunistics); 1922: 393 (whereabouts of types); 1924: 11 (faunistics); 1926: 374 (whereabouts of types); 1927: 98 (whereabouts of types); 1929: 355 (redescription); 1930: 111 (catalogue). — Balkenohl 1994: 25 (faunistics); 2001: 14 (catalogue); 2017: 255 (catalogue). — Choi et. al. 2022: 190 (catalogue). — Csiki 1927: 497 (catalogue); 1933: 639 (catalogue). — Kult 1951: 25 (enumeration).

Clivina (Eoclivina) attenuata – Lorenz 2005: 145 (catalogue); 2022: 5ZB8C (catalogue).

Sulciclivina attenuata – Balkenohl 2022: 108, figs 2, 6, 46 (figures of gonocoxites and habitus, anatomy and new combination).

Diagnosis

A large-sized species with a peltate pronotum, with interval eight of the elytra reticulated, and the proepisternum slightly swollen laterally. It is the largest-sized species of the genus and differs from the most similar species S. bhamoensis by the pronotum, which shows basolaterally only a very small group of punctures or no punctures at all. In addition, the clypeal wings are slightly visible. Distinguished from all species of the genus by the gonocoxites with the seta-generating punctures tuberculate and with a protuberance at apex.

Type material of S. attenuata

Lectotype (by present designation)

INDIA • ♀; with grey black-framed, handwritten data in green ink: “attenuata n. Scarit. att. Ht.* Cl. picipes Dej. Bengal. ” / white, black printed “4045” / white, black framed, handwritten in black ink and black printed “Hist.-Coll. 4045 Bengalen Zool. Mus. Berlin” / yellow, black-framed, printed “Hist.- Coll. Coleoptera Nr. 4045 Clivina attenuata n. Scarit. att. Ht.* Cl. picipes Dej. Bengalen Zool. Mus. Berlin” / white, black printed crossed, signed, dated in black ink “ Pseudoclivina attenuata HBST. det. Balkenohl, 1996” / red, black printed “LECTOTYPE Sulciclivina attenuata attenuata ( Herbst, 1806) des. M.Balkenohl 2023”; MFNB.

Paralectotypes

INDIA • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for lectotype but without first two labels; MFNB.

Remarks. For the lectotype, the specimen with the most complete number of labels and specifications has been selected which is also the most complete specimen. Nevertheless, the following parts are missing: left front leg with two terminal tarsomeres, right intermediate and left hind leg with four terminal tarsomeres, right hind leg completely missing. In the paralectotypes, antennomeres, palpomeres, tarsomeres and legs are missing. All four specimens show a pinhole on the right side with more or less cracked elytron and parts of the lower surface. Acronyms and symbols written on labels of the type material of Herbst are explained in Kuntzen (1912).

Other type material

Type of S. picipes

COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♂; with light grey, small labels and data handwritten in black ink: “picipes Bon. Dej. ” / “picipes Bon. ” / “ C. Dejean ”; MNHN .

Remarks. Half of the left hind tibia and tarsomeres one to five are missing. According to Putzeys (1846), the type material of C. picipes consists of one specimen indicated to be from “Amérique boréale”. It should be in the Collection Dejean. According to Andrewes (1926) it should be deposited in the “Turin Zool. Mus.”. He also emphasized that the specimen there is “doubtfully the type ” ( Andrewes 1926). In 1922, Andrewes already described an exchange of coloured labels including those for C. picipes and with “America”. However, Andrewes did not see the type of Scarites attenuatus Herbst ( Andrewes 1922, 1926). The specimen listed above was located in MNHN among specimens of Clivina belonging to a different species group and I am convinced it also presents type material.

Types of S. melanaria

INDIA • 1 ♂; with white printed label and data: “Assam.” / “ Clivina indica Putz. Teste Jun.1918 , H. E. Andrewes. ” / handwritten in black ink “melanaria Hope ” / white, large, black framed, printed and handwritten in black ink “TYPE COL: 775 2/2 Clivina melanaria Putzeys HOPE DEPT.OXFORD ”; OUMNH .

Remark. The following parts are missing: right front leg and in the right intermediate leg four apical tarsomeres.

COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♂; with identical labels as for the preceding specimen but additional small handwritten label “XIV” and large label “TYPE COL: 775 1/2 Clivina melanaria Putzeys HOPE DEPT. OXFORD ”; OUMNH .

Remark. The following parts are missing: left maxillary palpomere, right antennomeres from pedicellus onwards, right hind tibia and tarsomeres, and left hind tarsomeres three to five.

COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♀; with light grey labels and data: handwritten in black ink “Melanaria Putz. Inde Type” / printed, black framed “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech”; MNHN .

Remarks. The following parts are missing: three apical right antennomeres, four apical left antennomeres, left terminal tarsomere of hind leg, and all tarsomeres of right hind leg. In the description of C. melanaria, Putzeys (1846) mentioned one specimen from Assam in Coll. Hope. However, in the Hope collection ( OUMNH) there are two specimens. Andrewes (1926) uses for C. melanaria and C. striata the term “ types ” (in plural), indicating that there is more than one specimen which seems to be correct. The name “C. metanaria” in Andrewes (1927: 98) is obviously a typing error.

Taxonomic remarks

The type material investigated consists of eight specimens belonging to the three available names attenuata , melanaria and picipes . The eight specimens are conspecific. This result also reflects the comparison of the aedeagi and the external reproductive tracts of females. It confirms the findings of Putzeys (1867), Andrewes (1929), and the catalogue listings in Csiki (1927), Balkenohl (2001, 2017) and Lorenz (2005, 2022).

Additional material

BHUTAN • 1 ♂; “Phuntsholing 2” / “ 400 m; 5 May 1972 ” / “Nat.-Hist, Museum Basel – Bhutan Expedition ” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbst. det. Balkenohl XI 1991 ”; NHMB • 1 ♀, 1 spec. [one without pronotum and head]; “Bootan; Dr. Templeton” / “Ind. Mus. 79.64.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.”; NHMUK .

INDIA • 1 spec.; “ India Orient ” / “ Fry Coll. 1905.100” / “9630” / “attenuata Herbst ” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst picipes Bon. melanaria Putzeys (Putz) India or-”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; same data as for preceding but “ Clivina Indica Putzeys (Putz) ; India or-” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbst. det. Dr. A. Dostal 1994”; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 2 specs; “N. India 77.15” / “india”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “ Assam; W.Wittmer C.Baroni U. 1976” / “ Kaziranga 75m 7-9 May 1975 ” / “ CLIVINA (Eoclivina) sp. P.Bulirsch det. 2016”; NHMB • 1 ♀; “ Konba ” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst ”; RBINS • 3 ♀♀; “Dacca; Stev.” / “melanaria ” / “Soc. Ent. Belg. Coll Putzeys”; one of the specs with additional label “Ces exemplaires sont par les Types rev. H.E.Andrewes 1920”; RBINS • 1 ♀; “ India: Dacca ; 6 Aug. 1945; D.Leston. B.M. 1945-86” / “Carabides Dacca 6.8.45 ” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbst. det. Dr.A. Dostal 1986”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “ India or. Calcutta. ” / “attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.” / “COLLECTIO KAREL KULT COLL. A.DOSTAL, 1999”; CADW • 1 ♀; “ India or. Calcutta. ” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbst. Andr. ” / “Zool Mus. Berlin” / “ Clivina attenuata det. Balkenohl 1996”; MFNB • 1 spec.; “ Ind. or. (Atkins)” / “ Calc.” / “attenuata Herbst ” / “Zool. Mus. Berlin” / “ Clivina attenuata det. Balkenohl 1996”; MFNB • 3 specs; “ Calc. ” / “Zool. Mus. Berlin” / “ Clivina attenuata det. Balkenohl 1996”; MFNB • 1 ♂; “ Calcutta India ” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.” / “ C. attenuata Hbst. 44 det. K. Kult ”; ETHZ • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; “ Calcutta ”; MNHN • 1 spec.; “ Calcutta maidan. F.H.G.; Ind. Mus.; at light; 25 Jul. 1916; Ind. Mus. Calcutta” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec. [received without pronotum and head]; “ Calcutta; Mus. Collr.; 24Aug. 1907 ” / “Indian Mus. Calcutta” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M.1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 spec.; “ Kierpur Purneah dist. Bihar; 21 Sept. 1915; C. Paiva.” / “Indian Mus. Calcutta” / “H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M.1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 ♂; “ INDIA, Palarnaj Nat. Park Bihar; Jul. 1992; Werner leg.” / “ Clivina attenuata det. Balkenohl XI. 94 ”; CMBB • 1 ♀; “ Panna Nat.Park ; C-INDIA MP; Aug. 1988; Werner leg.” / “ Clivina attenuata HBST. det. Balkenohl 1988”; CMBB • 1 spec.; “ Lachiwala Dehra Dun Sal Bark ; 20 Jun. 1911 ” / “For. Res. Inst. Dehra Dun” / “H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “ India: Rawalpindi ; July 1944; D.Leston. B.M.1946-365.” / “ Coleoptera RWP. ?/7/44” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbst. det. Dr. A. Dostal 1986”; NHMUK • 1 ♂; “ CHAPRA BENGAL MACKENZIE ” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “NAGPUR C.P. INDIA; 1,000 ft.; 18 May 1919; E. A. D’ABREU” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.”; NHMUK • 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 1 spec.; “NAGPUR C.P. INDIA; 1,000 ft.; 29 Jun- 1917, 23 Aug 1917, 5 Sept. 1917, and 14 Sept. 1920; E. A. D’ABREU” / “ under stone /and under flower pot ” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “NAGPUR C.P. INDIA; 1,000 ft.; 4 Feb-1921; E. A. D’ABREU” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “Figured specimen” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina picipes Bon. Compared with type H.E.A.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “NAGPUR INDIA; 16 June. 1917; D’Abreu” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina melanaria Putz. Compared with type H.E.A.”; NHMUK • 3 specs; “NAGPUR C.P. INDIA; 1,000 ft.; 30 Oct. 1916 E. A. D’ABREU; under stone” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “Figured specimen” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.”; one of them with additional label: “attenuata Bon. [sic] 52 det. K. Kult ”; NHMUK • 1 spec. [received with empty abdomen]; “NAGPUR C.P. INDIA; 1,000 ft.; 27 Jul. 1919; E. A. D’ABREU” / “Central Mus. Nagpur, C.P.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.” / “ C. attenuata Hbst. 44 det. K. Kult ”; ETHZ • 1 ♀; “Sitapur, U.P. India; Jul. 1917; HGC” / “1362a” / “H.G. Champion Coll. B.M. 1953-156” / “ Clivina attenuata Hbt. ”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “C. Almora Dn. Kumaon, U.P.; July 1920; HGC.” / “3569” / “narie” [sic] / “ H.G. Champion Coll. B.M. 1953-156”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “Sitapur, W. Almora, India; H.G.C.” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “Pusa 2112” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “ Pusa At Light Bihar; 1 Oct. 1915; U.Bahadur” / “Agric. Res. Inst. Pusa” / “H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.”; NHMUK • 1 spec.; “ Among Dabhi Rarhi and Batri roots Pusa ; Haq. Coll: 8 Sept. 1917 ” / “Agric. Res. Inst. Pusa” / “ H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “N.W. India 84.19” / “Ex Coll. Brit. Mus. ” / “H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M. 1945-97.” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.”; NHMUK • 1 ♂; “H. INDIEN or. Berrar: C. Plason” / “Sammlung H. HESSE SMNS 1995”; SMNS • 1 ♂; “ Madras India ” / “ Clivina attenuata Herbst H.E.Andrewes det.” / “ C. attenuata Hbst. 44 det. K. Kult ”; ETHZ • 1 ♀; “Bacon” [unclear term, possibly a name] / “melanaria Putzeys ”; MNHN .

NEPAL • 1 ♀; “Nepal, Trisuli; 1998; Bhakta B.Ch.” / “ Clivina attenuata HBST. det. Balkenohl XI 1991 ”; CMBB • 1 spec.; “ Nepal Prov. Bheri Nepalganj; Hotel Sneha ; light trap; 28°02′41″N, 81°37′17″E; 15.VI.2007; F. Creutzburg leg.”; NKME .

PAKISTAN • 1 ♂; “SWAT: Kalam ; 2200-3000m; 26-28 Jul. 1978; A Richter leg”; CMBB .

Specimens with unclear locality

COUNTRY UNSPECIFIC • 1 ♂; “ Inde ” / “Collection P Dupuis” / “ Clivina Parryi P. Dupuis det. 1913”; RBINS.

COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; [hswd]; MNHN; 1 ♂; “ C. picipes Bon. Am. bor.” [The abbreviation Am. bor. is interpreted as America boreale and is considered a label error.] / “Soc. Ent. Belg. Coll Putzeys”; RBINS • 1 spec.; “284”; NHMUK .

Redescription

MEASUREMENTS. Lectotype: body length 8.81 mm, width 2.44 mm; L/W of pronotum 0.99; L/W of elytra 1.88. Other material: body length 7.84–9.42 mm (ẍ: = 8.55 mm *), width 2.23–2.64 mm (ẍ: = 2.44 mm *), L/W of pronotum 0.99–1.01 (ẍ: = 1.0*), L/W of elytra 1.82–1.89 (ẍ: = 1.85*); (*n = 10).

COLOUR. Glossy. Piceous. Labrum, intermediate and hind leg fuscous, antenna and tarsomeres of front leg fuscous. Supraantennal plate at the margin translucent-fuscous.

HEAD. A third narrower than pronotum. Clypeus with central part distinctly bilobed anteriorly; lateral lobe distinctly projecting, wing indistinct but visible ( Fig. 1 ) and not separated from lateral lobe by notch; supraantennal plate laterally regularly convex, laterally somewhat less projecting than eye; clypeus, wing, and supraantennal plate reflexed margined. Supraantennal plate overlapping eye anteriorly by a quarter (dorsal view), with supraorbital keel extended up to mid-eye level, separated from wing by sharp notch. Clypeus transverse, slightly convex, separated from frons by distinct sharp step and sulcus, step and sulcus in form like an inverted flat V. Frons moderately convex, with small but distinct arch-like impression at middle, with supraorbital carina up to posterior eye-level. Clypeus smooth, frons with minute scattered punctures basolaterally, separated from supraantennal plate and supraorbital carina by deep moderately wide furrow, furrow splitting at posterior end into two furrows; with two supraorbital setigerous punctures at posterior third of the eye. Neck constriction missing. Eye moderately convex in dorsal view. Main part of eye situated ventrally where it is globose. Due to the overlapping supraantennal plate, the eye resembles in lateral view the shape of a kidney. Gena distinct, moderately convex, covering a quarter of posterior eye in ventral view. Antenna relatively short, reaching middle of pronotum, antennomeres five to ten elongate (L/W around 1.3). Labrum slightly trilobed anteriorly, with isodiametric reticulation, six setose. Mentum with transverse reticulation at middle, with lobe slightly concavely hollowed out, shape of lobe oval, with isodiametric reticulation, with long carina at middle, median tooth wide, not as protruding anteriorly as lobe, hollowed out and obtusely angled anteriorly.

PRONOTUM. Disk moderately convex in lateral and distinctly convex in frontal view. As long as wide. Reflexed lateral margin nearly smooth, slightly convex attenuating in anterior half, widest behind middle; anterior angle distinct, slightly projecting, posterior angle missing; lateral channel narrow, laterally slightly crenulated, completely and regularly rounded off at level of posterior setigerous puncture and continuing up to base. Median line sharp, narrow, complete. Anterior transverse line punctured, joining median line, not joining anterior margin. Surface glossy, basolaterally with group of two to three punctures of moderate size, with a few transverse wrinkles, whole disk covered with microscopic punctures. Base distinctly marked, twice as wide as lateral channel. Proepisternum slightly visible in dorsal view.

ELYTRON. Disk flattened in anterior half in lateral view, distinctly convex in frontal view. Less than twice as long as wide, with maximum width slightly behind middle. Reflexed lateral margin smooth. Scutellar striole missing; setigerous tubercle at base of first stria, with small but distinct tubercle at base of third interval. Humeral tooth situated at base of fourth stria. Striae moderately deep, distinctly punctuate-striate, one to three free at base, four reaching humerus, one and two, three and four, and five and six joining apically. Intervals moderately convex, more convex laterally, interval eight with blunt carina apically. Setigerous punctures missing on intervals. Surface of intervals glossy, interval eight with isodiametric reticulation, in females interval seven with isodiametric reticulation at humerus and apex, in males interval seven smooth.

HIND WINGS. In the type material, there are no alae visible. In other material, there are forms with reduced alae up to half of the length and width of the elytron looking like a longitudinal spatula. In few specimens, the alae are fully developed.

LOWER SURFACE. Proepisternum covered in lateral half with distinct isodiametric reticulation and with distinct transverse wrinkles. Sternite of abdomen laterally with moderately large punctures, smooth at middle but with microscopic punctures; in females in addition with distinct isodiametric reticulation laterally.

LEGS. Tibia covered with isodiametric reticulation. Protibia with three spines of moderate length, not sulcate dorsally, movable spur apically distinctly arcuate.

MALE GENITALIA (Figs 24–26). Median lobe massive, relatively short in comparison to body size, moderately arcuate at middle, apex with flattened, widened, and slightly distorted and slightly asymmetric spatula, with dorsal bulge in apical half, with no visible microtrichia on the surface. Endophallus densely folded. Ventral paramere with velum-like apophysis, somewhat distorted, apex with four long setae. Dorsal paramere sinus-like arcuate, with robust apophysis, apex with four long setae.

FEMALE GONOCOXITES AND EPIPLEURITE (Figs 36–37). Gonocoxites foliform, widened, flattened dorsally and ventrally, with three or four long nematiform setae positioned at the median side and arising from tubercles, with one long apical nematiform seta arising from the top of a protuberance. Epipleurite semi-rectangular, with conspicuously widened angulated rod.

Variation

In addition to the hind wings, variation was observed in the isodiametric reticulation of interval eight, which is less distinct in some specimens in half of interval eight and extends distinctly to the whole interval in most of the material and the lectotype. The impression on the frons of the head is more or less deeply developed. On the abdominal sternites, the number of lateral punctures varies slightly as well as the extension of the reticulation.

Sexual dimorphism

In males, only interval eight is reticulated. Females show reticulation in addition on interval seven at the humerus and apex. On the sternites, males show less punctuation and less reticulation than the females.

Distribution

Known to occur from the North of Pakistan over the North of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Arunachal Pradesh, and southward up to the middle parts of India (Maharashtra).

Figures

Figs 1–3.Sulciclivina Balkenohl, 2022, head in dorsal view, showing the specific terms used. 1. Sulciclivina attenuata attenuata (Herbst, 1806), ♀, lectotype (MFNB). 2. S. splendida sp. nov., ♂, holotype (NHMB). 3. S. sagittaria sagittaria (Bates, 1892), ♂, paralectotype (NHMUK).

Figs 4–11. Sulciclivina Balkenohl, 2022, habitus, dorsal view. 4–5. S. attenuata attenuata (Herbst, 1806). 4. ♀, lectotype (MFNB). 5. ♂ from Swat (CMBB). 6. S. attenuata semireticulata subsp. nov., ♂, holotype (MNHN). 7. S. bhamoensis (Bates, 1892), ♀, paralectotype (RBINS). 8. S. mikirensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype (NHMB). 9. S. basiangusta sp. nov., ♂, holotype (NHMB). 10. S. coxisetosa sp. nov., ♀, holotype (NHMB). 11. S. splendida sp. nov., ♂, holotype (CADW).