Wahydra Steinhauser, 1991

Henao, Efrain R., Carneiro, Eduardo, Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Casagrade, Mirna M., 2015, Taxonomic notes on Wahydra Steinhauser (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Anthoptini) with description of four new species, Zootaxa 4040 (1), pp. 59-73 : 60

Wahydra Steinhauser, 1991

Wahydra Steinhauser, 1991 . Bull. Allyn Mus. 132: 30; type-species: Pamphila kenava Butler, 1870 .— Lamas, 2003. Marip. Machu Picchu, p. 30.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 84, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1362.— Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2008. Cladistics 24: 27.— Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2009. Syst. Ent. 34: 498, 516.

Wahydra sp. Orellana, 2003, in Andressen & Monasterio. Mem. IV Simp. Intern. Des. Sust. Andes, Mérida, p. 5-61.

Diagnosis. Male: Genus traditionally recognized by the presence of orange bands on both DFW and DHW, though some species have those bands reduced. Anthoptus Bell, 1942 , Corticea Evans, 1955 , Cantha Evans, 1955 and Zalomes Bell, 1947 (genera of Anthoptini ); Lento Evans, 1955 , Vinius Godman, 1900 , Vinpeius Austin, 1997 (genera of Moncini ), Molo Godman, 1900 , Misius Evans, 1955 , and Racta Evans, 1955 (genera of Hesperiini ), all present such orange bands, but lack the elongated tripartite or bipartite brand on male DFW. Other genera of Hesperiini might also present such bands, but have shorter antennae and/or flatten palp. Additionally, the presence and development of lateral projections in the arms of tegumen besides the gnathos have not been seen in these genera.

Description. Male: Forewing length 10.5–14mm. Eyes red. Vertex black scattered with yellowish to range scales. Antennae longer than 1/2 costa; antennal club short (1/4 shaft), shaft ventrally yellowish in basal portion or on whole ventral surface; nudum 12–14, on apiculus extended to the club. Palpus quadrate (inner edge equal to transverse width), second segment ventrally yellowish, third segment of medium length (around half of the second segment length), cylindrical. Thorax and legs black covered with long yellowish to orange scales; midtibiae spined; hindtibiae with two pairs of spurs. DFW marked with orange spots or bands; brand thin or large, perpendicular to CuA, extended from CuA1 to 2A. VFW costal area and apical spots marked from ground color, either yellowish or orange; colored scales compact, present in entire costal area; apical spot contiguous with marginal band, sometimes also with costa; distal cellular spot faint or absent, opaque, yellowish; cell area different by variable yellowish or orange spot. DHW marked with yellowish to orange discal bands, or completely dark brown. VHW yellowish to dark orange; reddish discal spot, yellowish bands and a marked yellowish streak in CuA2-2A are variably present according to the species. Genitalia. Median posterior apophyses of tegumen present, developed (almost the size or longer than the fenestra), thin or large (lobular), simple or bilobed; fenestra present, triangular or semicircular; lateral apophyses of tegumen present, symmetrical or asymetrical, pointed, squared or rounded. Saccus reduced (shorter than tegumen lenght), lobed. Uncus symmetric or asymmetric, bifid (arms projected); arms medially separated with a pair of small spines on each tip. Gnathos developed, hooked with median membranous patch. Valvae symmetrical or asymmetrical, with dorso-posterior cleft dividing ampulla from harpe; sacculus triangular; harpe projected, hook-like, filled with spines on apex; ampulla thin (less than half of valva width), margin smooth. Aedeagus cylindrical, slightly shorter or longer than the saccs + valva length; coecum of aedeagus globular, short, curved or dorsally straight; dorso-posterior end of aedeagus hollowed, hollow long, extending anteriorly on aedeagus, until the of bulbus ejaculatorius; ventro-posterior end of aedeagus projected as a lobe, with lateral dorsal projections folded over the vesica opening; vesica without cornuti. Fultura inferior directed dorsally and posteriorly; projections broad, extending only laterally of aedeagus; antero-ventral lobes reduced or absent.