Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce, d’Acoz & Verheye, 2017

d’Acoz, Cédric d’Udekem & Verheye, Marie L., 2017, Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea), European Journal of Taxonomy 359, pp. 1-553 : 26-29

Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9F72B38E-2322-43C3-A48A-DCD9823693A0

Figs 8–16

Epimeria macrodonta –? Andres 1985: 124 (in part: form with “schlankeren, spitzen Dorsalzähnen”). — Klages 1988: 72, unnumbered fig. (drawing of antenna 1 incorrect), 75, 77, fig.15c. — Coleman 2007: 43, in part, colour plate 1 fig. d only, not fig. 21a–b (= E. pyrodrakon sp. nov.). — Rauschert & Arntz 2015: 61, pl. 54, unnumbered photograph [picture incorrectly retouched].

‘Clade A similis / macrodonta complex - MA1’ – Verheye et al. 2016a, supplement: 2 (online).

non Epimeria macrodonta Walker, 1906: 16 .

Etymology

Angulócë, dragon — Tolkien’s Quenya language ( Faulskanger 2008). The name, which is a noun in apposition, alludes to the dragon-like facies of the species.

Type material

Holotype

RV Polarstern cruises:

SOUTHERN OCEAN: 1 ♀, cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 228-3, Larsen A, 64°54.96’ S, 60°31.97ʹ W to 64°54.43ʹ S, 60°30.44ʹ W, 277–309 m, bottom trawl, 27 Feb. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert (RBINS, INV. 132961) [extraction I6; Genbank nr, COI: KU870850 , 28S: KU759627 ].

Paratypes

RV Polarstern cruises:

SOUTHERN OCEAN: 8 specs, cruise PS69, ANT-XXIII/8, stn 702-9, southeast of Larsen B, 65°57.85ʹ S, 60°28.42ʹ W to 65°57.42ʹ S, 60°28.12ʹ W, 215–221 m, Agassiz trawl, 12 Jan. 2007, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122565); 1 immature spec., cruise PS69, ANT- XXIII/8, stn 702-9, southeast of Larsen B, 65°57.85ʹ S, 60°28.42ʹ W to 65°57.42ʹ S, 60°28.12ʹ W, 215– 221 m, Agassiz trawl, 12 Jan. 2007, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122563); 1 small juv., cruise PS69, ANT-XXIII/8, stn 702-9, southeast of Larsen B, 65°57.85ʹ S, 60°28.42ʹ W to 65°57.42ʹ S, 60°28.12ʹ W, 215–221 m, Agassiz trawl, 12 Jan. 2007, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122562); 4 specs, cruise PS69, ANT-XXIII/8, stn 725-10, south of Larsen A, 64°55.89ʹ S, 60°40.06’ W to 64°55.92ʹ S, 60°40.31ʹ W, 189–192 m, Rauschert dredge, 22 Jan. 2007, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122561); 2 specs, cruise PS69, ANT-XXIII/8, stn 725-10, south of Larsen A, 64°55.89ʹ S, 60°40.06’ W to 64°55.92ʹ S, 60°40.31ʹ W, 189–192 m, Rauschert dredge, 22 Jan. 2007, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert (MNHN-IU-2014-7322, removed from RBINS, INV. 122561); 7 specs, cruise PS77,ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122893); 1 juv., cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122895); 2 specs, cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122900); 1 juv., posterior half missing, cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122902); 1 juv., cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 132975) [extraction I7; Genbank nr COI: KU870851 , 28S: KU759628 ]; 1 small spec., cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 248-2, Larsen B, 65°57.51ʹ S, 60°28.15ʹ W to 65°57.69ʹ S, 60°28.30ʹ W, 196–202 m, Agassiz trawl, 7 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 132655) [extraction A20; Genbank nr COI: KU870817 , 28S: KU759589 ]; 1 spec., cruise PS77, ANT-XXVII/3, CAMBIO, stn 257-2, Larsen A, 64°54.75ʹ S, 60°39.01ʹ W to 64°54.62ʹ S, 60°39.50ʹ W, 159–169 m, Agassiz trawl, 13 Mar. 2011, coll. C. Havermans and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 122904); 1 spec., cruise PS81, ANT-XXIX/3, stn 185-3, south east of Dundee Island, 63°51.34ʹ S, 55°41.11ʹ W, to 63°51.52ʹ S, 55°41.43ʹ W, 238–244 m, non muddy bottom with a lot of life (sponges, starfishes, ophiuroids, crinoids, Pentapora -like bryozoans), Agassiz trawl, 19 Feb. 2013, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and M. Verheye ( RBINS, INV. 122941) [extraction ANT 34; Genbank nr, COI: KU870821 , 28S: KU759593 ]; 1 ♀, cruise PS81, ANT-XXIX/3, stn 193-8, Bransfield Strait, 62°43.73ʹ S, 57°29.04ʹ W to 62°43.80ʹ S, 57°29.40ʹ W, 428–431 m, Agassiz trawl, 23 Feb. 2013, absolute alcohol, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and M. Verheye ( RBINS, INV. 132962).

Other material examined

RV Polarstern cruises:

1 spec., cruise PS10, ANT-V/3, stn 527, eastern Weddell Sea, 72°23.5ʹ S, 16°37.4ʹ W, depth uncertain (it is indicated 582–631 m on the specimen label, but there are no depth record in the cruise report: Schnack-Schiel 1987), Agassiz trawl, 22 Oct. 1986 ( RBINS, INV. 132725); 1 spec., cruise PS39, ANT- XXIII/3, EASIZ I, eastern Weddell Sea, no station, specimen kept in aquarium, 18 Feb. 1996, coll. C. De Broyer and G. Chapelle ( RBINS, INV. 132995); 1 spec., cruise PS69, ANT-XXIII/8, stn 603-5, eastern Weddell Sea, 70°30.99ʹ S, 08°48.08ʹ W to 70°30.40ʹ S, 08°48.13ʹ W, 274–297 m, sponge bottom, 7 Dec. 2006, coll. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz and H. Robert ( RBINS, INV. 132978).

RV Marion Dufresne cruises:

SOUTHERN OCEAN: 2 specs, cruise MD42 (SIBEX), stn 22-CP66, Prydz Bay, 66°55ʹ45″ S, 74°04ʹ11″ E, depth missing [Google Earth coordinates for that position: 427 m (accessed 27 Sep. 2016)], 26 Jan. 1985 (MNHN-IU-2014-4264).

Belgian and Belgian-Dutch expeditions:

SOUTHERN OCEAN: 1 ovigerous ♀, Princess Ragnhild Coast, stn 220, Baie du Glacier, exact coordinates unavailable [presumably about 70°18ʹ S, 23°58ʹ E], 414–450 m, trawl, 1 Feb 1965, coll. A. Capart ( RBINS, INV. 132728).

Description

ROSTRUM. Long, reaching mid of article 2 of peduncle of antenna 1 (teeth excluded), very strongly curved, sharp-tipped in lateral view.

EYE. Large, broadly elliptic.

PEREION–PLEOSOME TOOTH PATTERN. Pereionite 1 with small broad and blunt mid-dorsal tooth pointing backwards, with pair of low and blunt, conical, dorsolateral teeth; pereionite 2 much narrower than pereionites 1 and 3, without mid-dorsal tooth and without pair of dorsolateral teeth; pereionite 3 with medium-sized broad and blunt mid-dorsal tooth pointing backwards and pair of low and blunt, conical, dorsolateral teeth; pereionite 4 to pleonite 2 with large, narrow, acute mid-dorsal tooth, of which the anterior border is regularly curved and the posterior border is slightly concave (except for pleonite 2 where the posterior border is straight), with pair of conical dorsolateral teeth, of which the size gradually increases posteriorly (these pairs of teeth are never duplicate); pleonite 3 with large nearly styliform acute-tipped symmetrical mid-dorsal tooth, and pair of large narrowly conical dorsolateral teeth (size of mid-dorsal teeth very weakly increasing from pereionite 4 to pleonite 2; mid-dorsal tooth of pleonite 3 almost as long as tooth of pleonite 2).

COXAE 1–3. Strongly carinate and distally sharp.

COXA 4. Anterodorsal border straight, anteroventral border distally straight, these two borders being joined by a long curve (anterior angle), this anterior angle is weakly projecting forward; ventral tooth long and acute; lateral carina with small tooth obliquely pointing backwards (in dorsal view this tooth form a broad U-shaped concavity with the coxa); carina very distant from margin of coxa at its deepest point.

COXA 5. With long, sharp, narrowly triangular, carinate, lateral tooth pointing backwards (its anterior margin is parallel to body axis or weakly divergent and its posterior margin is oblique).

COXA 6. With mid-sized, sharp, triangular, carinate, lateral tooth pointing obliquely backwards and with anterior border very weakly convex); posteroventral corner rounded, without angular discontinuity.

COXA 7. With ventral border slightly curved, with posterior border straight, their convergence forming a blunt squared angle.

EPIMERAL PLATES 1–3. Posteroventral angle produced into a very long and very sharp tooth.

UROSOME TOOTH PATTERN. Urosomite 1 with large and sharp narrow tooth pointing upwards; urosomite 2 with pair of mid-sized posterior dorsolateral teeth pointing upwards; urosomite 3 with pair of mid-sized posterior dorsolateral teeth pointing obliquely upwards.

TELSON. Cleft on 0.35; tips of lobes subacute, notch broadly and bluntly V-shaped.

PEDUNCLE OF ANTENNA 1. Article 1 with long lateral and medial teeth reaching mid of article 2 (teeth excluded) and long ventral tooth slightly overreaching tip of article 2 (teeth excluded); article 2 with large lateral tooth of which 0.3 is overreaching tip of article 3, and huge medial tooth of which 0.6 is

overreaching tip of article 3, without ventral tooth; article 3 with medium-sized ventral tooth, about 0.3 times as long as article itself.

GNATHOPODS 1–2. Carpus and propodus of normal slenderness; very slightly broadening distally, palm distinct.

PEREIOPODS 5–7. Merus, carpus and propodus slender; basis of pereiopods 5–6 of normal width, with posteroproximal process rounded and strongly protruding, with posterodistal tooth very strong (as long as basis width); basis of pereiopod 7 broad with posterodistal tooth acute and very large, followed more proximally by distinct concavity, directed posteriorly.

Colour pattern

Whitish to yellowish with orange plain markings (pigmented parts not arranged in dots); rostrum, antennae orange; distal half of walking pereiopods orange or striped with orange; mouthparts and tip of gnathopods red; eyes red.

Body length

Up to 37 mm.

Distribution

Bransfield Strait, Dundee Island, Larsen A and B area, eastern shelf of the Weddell Sea, Princess Ragnhild Coast, Prydz Bay; 189–431 m and possibly 631 m.

Remarks

Epimeria anguloce sp. nov. is morphologically similar to E. corbariae . See key to the subgenus and account for the latter species for differences. Two E. anguloce sp. nov. from the eastern shelf of the Weddell Sea were examined. These specimens were not adequately fixed for genetic studies and were not in very good condition. However they showed traces of an orange mottled colour pattern similar to that of specimens from the Antarctic Peninsula region. The mid-dorsal tooth of their pereionite 1 and 3 is a bit stronger and the posterodistal tooth of the basis of their pereiopod 7 a bit shorter than in Peninsular specimens. The same form was found off Princess Ragnhild Coast and Prydz Bay.

The collection locality of the ‘ Epimeria macrodonta ’ illustrated by Rauschert & Arntz (2015: 61 plate 54) was given in a preliminary draft of the book made available to the present authors. The specimen was collected during cruise ANT-XV/3, at stn 355: north west of King George Island, 61°60ʹ S, 59°15ʹ W, 128– 130 m. On the published picture, the mid-dorsal tooth of pereionite 3 appears as almost as long as the tooth of pereionite 4, i.e., much longer than in any known species of the macrodonta complex, and acute-tipped. Coleman (2007) published a photograph, which was absolutely identical (plate 1 fig. d), except for the mid-dorsal tooth of pereionite 3, which is less than half as long as that of pereionite 4, and blunt-tipped (i.e., as in all known species of the macrodonta complex). It seems therefore that the photograph has been erroneously altered in the book of Rauschert & Arntz (2015). One of the authors presumably believed that the tooth was broken and tried to ‘repair’ it.

Figures

Fig. 8. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., presumably ♀♀, habitus, colour in life. A. Paratype, Bransfield Strait, ANT-XXIX/3, stn 193-8, RBINS, INV. 132962 (photograph: C. d’Udekem d’Acoz). B. Western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-4, specimen not examined (photograph: C. Havermans and H. Robert). C. Western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-4, specimen not examined (photograph: C. Havermans and H. Robert).

Fig. 9. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.

Fig. 10. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Facial habitus. B. Head in facial view.

Fig. 11. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Coxae. B. Coxa 7 and posterior part of coxa 6. C. Urosome and posterior part of pleosome.

Fig. 12. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Head in lateral view. B. Urosome in dorsal view. C. Telson.

Fig. 13. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Gnathopod 1. B. Gnathopod 2.

Fig. 14. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, holotype, western Weddell Sea, Larsen A, ANT-XXVII/3, stn 228-3, RBINS, INV. 132961. A. Pereiopod 4. B. Pereiopod 5. C. Pereiopod 6. D. Pereiopod 7.

Fig. 15. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, non type, adult, eastern Weddell Sea, no station, ANT-XXIII/3, EASIZ I, specimen kept in aquarium, 18 Feb. 1996: 1 paratype, coll. C. De Broyer and G. Chapelle, RBINS, INV. 132995. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.

Fig. 16. Epimeria (Drakepimeria) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., ♀, non type, adult, Prydz Bay, RV Marion Dufresne, cruise MD42 (SIBEX), stn 22-CP66, MNHN-IU-2014-4264. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus.