Cochranella pulverata ( Peters, 1873 )

Guayasamin, Juan M., Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. & Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago, 2008, Taxonomic identity of Cochranella petersi Goin, 1961 and Centrolenella ametarsia Flores, 1987, Zootaxa 1815, pp. 25-34 : 27

Cochranella pulverata ( Peters, 1873)

Hyla pulverata Peters, 1873:614 . Holotype: ZMB 7842, according to Duellman, 1977:194. Type locality: “Chiriqui”, Panama; at the time of the description "Chiriqui" included both Atlantic and Pacific versants of extreme western Panama according to Myers, 1982:5.

Centrolene pulveratum— Dunn, 1931:393.

Centrolenella pulveratum— Taylor, 1949:258.

Cochranella pulverata— Taylor, 1951:35. Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2006, Zootaxa, 1244:1.

Centrolenella pulverata— Savage 1967:328.

Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum— Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991:24.

Cochranella petersi— Goin, 1961:96. Holotype: BM 1902.5.27.24. Type locality: "Rio Durango, [Province of Esmeraldas] N. W. Ecuador ". New synonymy.

Centrolenella petersi— Goin, 1964:1.

Hyalinobatrachium petersi— Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1998:573.

Diagnosis. Cochranella pulverata differs from all other Glassfrogs by having a dorsum green with small white spots, completely transparent ventral parietal peritoneum, white hepatic and gastrointestinal peritonea, a sloping snout in lateral profile, and by lacking humeral spines ( Fig. 2 ).

Characterization. (1) dentigerous process of the vomer with 2–4 teeth; (2) snout rounded in dorsal aspect, sloping in lateral profile; (3) tympanum visible, relatively small, its diameter 20.2–23.3% of eye diameter; tympanic annulus visible except for dorsal border covered by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane differentiated and translucent, pigmented as surrounding skin; (4) dorsal surfaces shagreen; males with small spicules visible under magnification; (5) ventral surfaces granular, thighs below vent lacking pair of enlarged tubercles; (6) ventral parietal peritoneum completely transparent; pericardium and gastrointestinal peritoneum white; (7) bulbous liver covered by white peritoneum; (8) humeral spines absent; (9) webbing between Fingers I and II absent or basal; webbing formula for outer fingers: II (1+–1 1/3) — (2 4/5–3–) III (1 1/3–1 2/3) — (1+–2–) IV; (10) feet about two-thirds webbed; webbing formula: I (1– –1) — (1 2/3–2–) II (1– –1) — (1 3/4–2–) III (1–1+) — (1 2/3–2+) IV (2– –2+) — (1– –1+) V; (11) metacarpal, ulnar, metatarsal, and tarsal enameled folds present, having low tubercles that give them an undulated shape; (12) nuptial pad Type-I in adult males; concealed prepollex; (13) Fingers I and II about equal in length (FII/FI = 0.980–1.025); (14) disc of Finger III small, its width 20.1– 23.5% of eye diameter; (15) in life, dorsum green with small white flecks and dots; bones green; (16) in preservative, dorsum cream to light lavender with small un-pigmented or white flecks and dots; (17) iris graywhite with thin dark gray reticulations and minute yellow flecks; a thin yellow to cream circumpupillary ring borders the pupil; (18) melanophores partially covering dorsal surface of Finger IV, absent from Fingers I–III; (19) males call from the upper side of leaves; call usually emitted as a series of three notes (each note = 0.05 s), with a short pause between them (internode pause = 0.5– 0.8 s), dominant frequency of 5600–6200 Hz (Savage & Starrett 1967; Ibañez et al. 1999; Kubicki 2007); (20) fighting behavior unknown; (21) egg masses deposited on the upper side of leaves; no parental care provided ( Kubicki 2007); (22) in tadpoles, tooth row formula 2/3; A2 tooth row is broadly separated in the center ( Hoffmann 2004); (23) in adult males, SVL 22.0– 24.5 mm (n = 13); in adult females, SVL 25.3–28.3 mm (n = 5; McCranie & Wilson, 2002; this work).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Color photographs of Cochranella pulverata (A: QCAZ 32066, photo by Martín Bustamante), Cochranella oyampiensis (B left: QCAZ 16652, photo by Santiago Ron; B right: MB 202, photo by Michel Blanc), and Cochranella helenae (C: IRSNB 13980, photo by Philippe Kok).