Pseudoomphalina umbrinopurpurascens (Maire) Contu, Boll. AMER

Lavorato, Carmine, Vizzini, Alfredo, Ge, Zai-Wei & Contu, Marco, 2015, Redescription of Clitocybe umbrinopurpurascens (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) and revision of Neohygrophorus and Pseudoomphalina, Phytotaxa 219 (1), pp. 43-57 : 48-51

Pseudoomphalina umbrinopurpurascens (Maire) Contu, Boll. AMER 80–81: 4 (2010) Figs. 2–3

≡ Neohygrophorus umbrinopurpurascens (Maire) Redhead, Ammirati, Norvell & M.T.Seidl, Mycotaxon 76: 326 (2000)

Basionym: Clitocybe umbrinopurpurascens Maire (as ‘ umbrino-purpurascens ’), Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord 36: 35–36, 1945. Typus: Afrique du Nord, Atlas, Blida, 6.12.1932, leg. R. Maire 10542 (holotypus, MPU design. Contu, 2010!).

Epitype (here designated): MCVE 28275 (MBT201476), Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, loc. “Colamauci”, Celico, 1 November 2009, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella.

Description of the Italian material studied

Pileus 20–40 mm broad, convex, to plano-convex with age, the disc typically more or less deeply depressed, without umbo, margin incurved and often shortly striate to striate-sulcate, flocculose due to an abundant pruina mimicking veil-remants; surface at first pruinose or slightly felty, at time sericeous, glabrous in mature stages, shiny when moist, hygrophanous, dark-brown, (Victoria Lake, Maroon, Plate I; Bay, Plate II; Raw Umber, plate III) to dark greyishbrown (Blackish Brown (2), Plate XLV; Dull Purplish Black, Aniline Black, Plate L) to dark purple-bistre (Blackish Purple, Plate XI) when young, sometimes with violet tinges (Light Hortense Violet, Hortense Violet, Plate XI; Light Lavender-Violet, Plate XXV), fading pale brownish-buff on age (Russet, Cinnamon-Brown, Plate XV; Walnut Brown, Plate XXVIII; Mikado Brown, Plate XXIX; Wood Brown, Plate XL), often darker towards the centre and paler at the margin, not reddening with KOH. Lamellae crowded, moderately thick, unequal and with lamellulae, l = (0) 1–3 (4), adnate to decurrent, paler than the pileus (Light Brownish Olive, Buffy Olive, Plate XXX; Avellaneous, Tilleul Buff, Plate XL), with violaceous tinges (Aconite Violet to Dark Lavender, Plate XXXVII and Plate XLIV), especially in young specimens, then violaceous tinges limited to the insertion point with the stipe, not furcate towards the stipe, the edge entire, not floccose. Stipe 20–35 × 1.5–3.5 mm, central, not very solid, fistulose to stuffed, central, cylindric to clavate, not bulbous, sometimes compressed, in young stages sericeous then longitudinally fibrillose, concolorous with the lamellae but often tinged violaceous (Lobelia Violet, Ageratum Violet, Aconite Violet, Plate XXXVII; Dark Lavender, Plate XLIV), at least in the upper portion (at the apex), the base covered with white felty mycelium; veil absent. Context thin, whitish to pallid at first, then concolorous with the lamellae, not staining when injured; odour distinctive, mostly farinose, at times somewhat like cucumber, in old basidiomes rather strong and disagreeable; taste mild in young basidiomes then slightly bitter, clearly bitter with age. Spore-print: not obtained.

Spores [320/10/10] (5.7) 6.4–8.3 (9) × (3.7) 4–5.2 (5.4) μm, on average 7.3 × 4.6, Q = (1.2) 1.4–1.9 (2.1), Qm = 1.6, hyaline, amyloid, not cyanophilous, smooth, mostly regularly ellipsoid, at times widely ellipsoid or subovoid to subglobose, ellipsoid-lacrymoid in side view, thin-walled, with a small apiculus. Basidia 30–45 × 6–8 μm, mostly four-spored, at time intermixed with 1-, 2- or 3-spored basidia, clavate, with basal clamps. Subhymenium made up of hyphoid elements. Hymenophoral trama regular to slightly irregular and interwoven, consisting of cylindrical, hyaline hyphae, 3–12 μm wide, not reddening in 3% or 10% KOH. Both on the face and on the lamellar edge are present very slender, cylindrical to filiform (hyphal) pseudoparaphysoid-like sterile elements, up to 50 × 2–5 μm, often well protruding beyond the hymenium, thin-walled, hyaline or with inner yellowish drops. Pileus covering not gelatinose, composed of a cutis of repent to interwoven, long cylindrical, 2–4 (8) μm wide hyphae, with intraparietal or incrusting dark brown pigment; subcutis well differentiated, made up of wider, catenulate, hyaline elements tending to be larger towards the pileal trama. Stipe covering made up of hyaline, parallel, 3–6 (10) μm wide hyphae, that are thinner towards surface. Caulocystidia similar to the hymenial cystidia, up to 45 × 1.5–3 μm. Thromboplerous hyphae not seen. Clamp-connections present at all septa.

Type study (MPU, R. Maire 10542).

Spores 7–9 × 3.5–4.5 μm, ellipsoid in face-view, ellipsoid-lacrymoid in side-view, smooth, amyloid. Basidia 40–45 × 7–8 μm, four-spored, clavate, clamped. Hymenophoral trama irregular, made up of cylindrical hyphae which do not turn red in 3% KOH. Cystidioid elements present on both sides and edges of lamellae, up to 49 × 3 μm, pseudoparaphysoid, very thin, clavate, cylindric to subfusiform, at times with yellowish guttulate content. Clamp-connections abundant. Thromboplerous hyphae not seen.

Habit, habitat and distribution:—Gregarious to caespitose, saprotrophic, in small groups on litter of Cedrus spp. ( Cedrus libani , C. brevifolia and C. atlantica ), acid soil, mostly on burnt soil, often among moss cushions of Ceratodon purpureus , Syntrichia ruralis , Funaria hygrometrica and Scleropodium purum , 1180–1250 m a.s.l., especially in wet seasons and in moist recesses, absolutely not in snowbanks and not growing when snow is present. Winter. Very rare and so far known only from Morocco (type) and southern Italy (Calabria).

Collections examined:— ITALY, Calabria: prov. Cosenza, loc. “Colamauci”, Celico , cart. ref. 560144, Cedrus spp. , 850 m a.s.l., 20 October 2003, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, TO HG1975, duplo in LR 031030-14 ( TO!) ; ibidem, 20 October 2003, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, TO HG1976, duplo in LR 031030-20 ( TO!) ; ibidem, 4 November 2003, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, LR 031104-19 ( LR!) ; ibidem, 1 November 2009, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, MCVE 28275 (epitype, MCVE!), duplo in LR 091101-11 ; ibidem, 5 November 2010, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, LR 101105-16 ( LR!) ; ibidem, 28 November 2011, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, LR 111128-02, LR 111128-10, LR 111128-14 ( LR!) (3 coll.) ; ibidem, 1 November 2012, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, LR 121101-07 ( LR!) ; ibidem, 15 November 2012, C. Lavorato & M. Rotella, LR 121115-06 ( LR!) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Basidiomes of Pseudoomphalina umbrinopurpurascens. a. (LR 121115-06).b. (LR 121101-07).c. (MCVE 28275 LR 091101- 11, epitype). d. (LR 101105-16). e. (LR 111128-10). f. (TO HG1975-LR 031030-14). All pictures by C. Lavorato. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIGURE 3. Pseudoomphalina umbrinopurpurascens. Microscopic features (from MCVE 28275 LR 091101-11, epitype). a. Spores. b. Basidia. c. Cheilocystidia. d. Pileipellis. e. Stipitipellis. Drawings by C. Lavorato. Scale bars: 10 μm.