Phallus aureus S.M. Tang & S.H. Li, 2022

Lv, Tong, Li, Yong-Rui, Ao, Cheng-Ce, He, Jun, Yu, Feng-Ming, Tang, Song-Ming & Li, Shu-Hong, 2022, Phallus aureus sp. nov. (Phallaceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, China, Phytotaxa 567 (1), pp. 61-70 : 65-68

Phallus aureus S.M. Tang & S.H. Li , sp. nov. ( FIGURE 3 , 4 )

MycoBank: MB 844523

Etymology:—the epithet ‘ aureus ’ refers to light yellow indusium.

Holotype:— CHINA, Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, Xiaocaoba Town , 27°14.36’N, 103°52.61’E, 2000 m a.s.l., 14 October 2021, collected by Ao-cheng Ce (L7010, holotype!).

Diagnosis:— Phallus aureus is distinguished from other Phullus species by an obovate, rugose, squamulose on the immature basidiomata surface, pseudostipe yellowish, grey volva, and pale yellow at the base becoming light yellow upwards.

Description: Immature basidiomata globose to subglobose, 70 × 67 mm, yellowish white (2A2) to pale yellow (2A3), clear rugose on the surface, attached to the substrate by white (2A1) to yellowish grey (2B2) rhizomorphs. Exoperidium membranous; endoperidium gelatinous, hyaline. Expanded basidiomata up to 220 mm high when fresh. Receptacle 49–73 mm high, 43–72 mm broad, campanulate, pale yellow (2A3) to yellowish white (2A2), rugose. Gleba olive brown (4F5-6), mucilaginous. Pseudostipe subcylindrical, constricted at apex, enlarged downwards, 140–218 mm high when mature, 18–22/30–28/ 39–51 mm broad (apex/middle/base), pale yellow (2A3) at the base, upward becoming light yellow (3A5), spongiform, hollow. Volva globose or slightly obovate, 68–81 mm high, 50–69 mm broad, rugose, light grey (1C1) to grey (1D1). Indusium well-developed, almost touching ground, orange yellow (4B8), 113–142 mm in length, attached to the apex of pseudostipe, with polygonal to irregular meshes; meshes 2–21 mm wide, 1–4 mm thick. Rhizomorphs simple, white (2A1), 2–4 mm thick, about 35 mm long. Odour and taste unknown.

Basidiospores (2.2–) 2.5–3.7 (–3.9) × (1.2–) 1.3–2.0 (–2.3) µm, Q=(1.6–) 1.8–2.0, cylindrical to long ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth under light microscope. Hyphae of pseudostipe and indusium thin-walled, pseudoparenchymatic, consisting of globose to subglobose or irregularly globose cells up to 21–45 µm in diam. Hyphae of volva tubular, 2–8 µm wide, thin walled, smooth. Hyphae of rhizomorphs filamentous, up to 8.0 µm in diam, thin-walled, smooth, septate, rarely branched.

Habitat and distribution: Solitary or scattered on soil with decaying litter under Fargesia spathacea forest. So far known only from Yunnan Province, China. Season: July to August.

Additional specimen examined: China. Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city, Xiaocaoba county , Ao Chengce 10 July (L7005); same location, Tang Songming 10 July (L7006); same location, Ao Chengce 14 August (L7011); Wang li 14 August (L7012) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Basidiomata of Phallus aureus. a-c: Immature basidiomata (L7005). g:Young basidiomata (L7006). h: Rhizomorphs (L7006). i: Gleba (L7006). j: Pseudostipe (L7010). k: Indusium (L7010). l-m: Expanded basidiomata of L7010 (Holotype) and L7011. Bar=1 cm.

FIGURE 4. Microscopic features of Phallus aureus. a. Basidiospores. b. Pseudoparenchymatous hyphae from pseudostipe. c. Hyphae from volva. d. Rhizomorph hyphae. e. Crystals in volva hyphae. Bars=10 μm.