Tranosemella praerogator (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Giovanni, Filippo Di, Loni, Augusto, Ricciardi, Renato & Lucchi, Andrea, 2018, Updated list of the insect parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera) associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Italy. 2. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae and Campopleginae, ZooKeys 772, pp. 47-95 : 47

Tranosemella praerogator (Linnaeus, 1758) Figure 8

Tranosemella praerogator : Dalla Montà et al. 1993; Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1994: 205, 1998: 3; Coscollá 1997: 215; Colombera et al. 2001: 94; Marchesini et al. 2006: 12; Marchesini 2007: 41, 48.

Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.

Veneto: Dalla Montà et al. 1993; Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1994, 1998; Marchesini et al. 2006; Marchesini 2007.

Piedmont: Colombera et al. 2001.

Distribution.

Holarctic widespread species (Iceland, Europe, Egypt, Central Russia and the Far East, Japan, Canada, United States) ( Yu et al. 2012). Its presence in India ( Morley 1913) has to be confirmed, since it is most probably based on a misidentification for a Tryphoninae Ichneumonid species belonging to the genus Dyspetes Förster, 1869 (see taxonomic notes).

Host range.

Yu et al. (2012) list 44 species of Lepidoptera hosts, especially Tortricidae (32 species), including various species of the genera Archips , Argyrotaenia , Choristoneura and Pandemis . The list reports also Plutellidae , including P. xylostella , Gelechiidae as Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1844), Yponomeutidae , Sesiidae , Pyralidae , Arctiidae , Geometridae and Noctuidae .

Ecological role.

In Italy, it has been reported on grapevine in Veneto and Piedmont. In Veneto ( Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1994) it was regularly obtained from EGVM larvae of first and second generation, with rates of parasitism higher than those of C. capitator (Table 8). It has never been collected in the EGVM third generation, and it is supposed to overwinter on alternative hosts. In contrast, Colombera et al. (2001) found it in the first generation, with low levels of parasitization (lower than 1%), while C. capitator showed a more important and incisive activity. In Veneto, the species was hyperparasitized by Elasmus steffani Viggiani, 1967 ( Hymenoptera Elasmidae ), in turn attacked by Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834) ( Hymenoptera Eulophidae ) and by an unidentified Pteromalus ( Hymenoptera Pteromalidae ) ( Marchesini and Dalla Montà 1994). Villemant et al. (2011) assert that in some viticultural areas of France, T. praerogator mainly develops at the expense of S. pilleriana , while in other areas it may develop even at the expense of EGVM, E. ambiguella and Argyrotaenia ljungiana (Thunberg, 1797) (= pulchellana Haworth, 1811).

Taxonomic notes.

As already mentioned by some authors ( Roman 1932, Yu and Horstmann 1997, Horstmann 2006), the name “praerogator” Linnaeus has been used in the past to indicate Dyspetes Förster 1869 [ Dyspetes praerogator Thomson, 1883 unavailable name for D. luteomarginatus Habermehl, 1925] ( Ichneumonidae Tryphoninae). Gravenhorst (1829) attributed the Linnean species to the genus Tryphon , perhaps following the indication of Fabricius (1804), who assigned it to the genus Bassus . Roman (1932), studying the types of Linnaeus, assigned the species to the genus Angitia Holmgren, 1859, hypothesizing the synonymy with Angitia armillata (Gravenhorst) [recte Diadegma armillata (Gravenhorst, 1829)]. Horstmann (1973) initially assigned this species to the genus Diadegma , while Townes (1971) included it in the related genus Tranosema Förster, 1869. Later, Horstmann (1978) moved the species to the genus Tranosemella Horstmann.