Amphibolips
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4877.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84A56D01-FFCC-4D3B-95D8-36DA7AFEC0C7 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4567093 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/467987FB-D440-FFE9-ADD6-EE4938BCD375 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Amphibolips |
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Key to the Amphibolips View in CoL View at ENA galls of the ‘ nassa’ complex of Mexico and Central America
1. Galls growing on the underside of the leaves................................................................ 2
1’. Galls growing on buds................................................................................. 4
2. Turgescent spherical galls ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 F–G). Turning into a raisin-like wrinkled mass when dry............... A. turulli n. sp.
2’. Solid galls, sometimes very fragile, never turgescent. Galls either spherical or toadstool shaped. Maintaining its shape when dry................................................................................................ 3
3. Toadstool-shaped galls. With an elongated stem. Light green coloured, sometimes tinged with rose or pink when young. Internal solid spongious parenchyma ( Lyon 1959: Plate 12, Figs A–B)................. A. quercuspomiformis n. comb. (sex).
3’. Spherical fragile galls. Greenish when fresh and dark brown when dry. Internal space hollow with hard filaments radiating from the larval chamber ( Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey 2010: Figs 8 View FIGURE 8 G–H).................................. A. salicifoliae
4. Galls with internal space hollow with hard filaments radiating from larval chamber ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 A–D). When dry the gall is very fragile and may be easily broken with minimal finger pressure. Fusiform galls with mottled surface............. A. aliciae
4’. Galls with internal spongious parenchyma, sometimes soft but does not break with applied finger pressure ( Figs 14E, 14H, 14K View FIGURE 14 ). From spherical to fusiform galls, sometimes mottled.................................................... 5
5. Galls elongated at their base, with thick peduncle, central body subglobose, with smooth and mottled surface, never with an apical tip ( Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey 2010: Figs 8 View FIGURE 8 A–C).......................................... A. castroviejoi
5’. Different galls, whether globular galls without visible peduncle, sometimes with apical tip, or fusiform galls with both apical tip and thin peduncle.................................................................................. 6
6. Multilocular galls with up to 50 larval chambers ( Figs 16 View FIGURE 16 C–D). Surface yellowish to orange-rufous when mature, turning brownish orange when dry ( Figs 16 View FIGURE 16 A–B).…................................ A. quercuspomiformis comb. nov. (asex)
6’. Monolocular galls ( Fig. 16F View FIGURE 16 ). Green or brown when mature, sometimes mottled. Turning to uniform brown when dry..... 7
7. Globular galls with apical tip (sometimes short) or fusiform galls (pointed and sometimes pedunculate) ( Figs 14E, 14 View FIGURE 14 H–K, 15C–I).............................................................................................. 8
7’. Spherical or sub-spherical galls with neither apical tip nor peduncle ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 A–B, 16A–J).......................... 16
8. Fusiform galls; peduncle subequal to apical tip ( Figs 14E, 14H View FIGURE 14 )................................................ 9
8’. Globular galls; peduncle absent or distinctly shorter than apical tip ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 I–K, 15C–I)............................ 11
9. Very elongated galls ( Fig. 14H View FIGURE 14 ), more than 10x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip strongly elongate. Outer shell fragile, thin.......................................................................... A. bromus n. sp.
9’. Wide fusiform galls, 3.0x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip less than several times longer than central body ( Fig. 14E View FIGURE 14 ). Outer shell firm, not fragile................................................................... 10
10. Surface with longitudinal ridges ( Nieves-Aldrey et al 2012: Figs 18C–D). Peduncle and apical tip strongly narrowed into needle-like elongation...................................................................... A. durangensis
10’. Surface smooth, without longitudinal ridges ( Fig. 14E View FIGURE 14 ). Peduncle and apical tip gradually narrowing in obtuse angle.................................................................................................... A. fusus
11. Small hard galls, up to 20 mm in diameter, with rugose surface and short apical tip ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 I–K). Outer shell thick, firm, with highly lignified parenchyma..................................................................... A. cibriani
11’. Large galls, up to 60 mm in diameter, with smooth surface. Outer shell thin, firm or soft. If firm, apical tip is the result of longitudinal elongation of gall ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 C–I).................................................................. 12
12. Teardrop shaped galls ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 F–I). Hard, do not deform at finger pressure. Surface usually mottled. Apical tip elongated, gradually narrowing apically, following more or less the shape of the gall........................................ 13
12’. Subglobular galls ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 C–E), can be deformed with applied finger pressure. Surface uniform in colour. Apical tip short... .................................................................................................. 15
13. Globular galls, small size (around 20x 15 mm), gradually narrowing and ending in a short apical point. Surface mottled. On Q. calophylla View in CoL ................................................................................. A. nevadensis
13’. Rather large galls ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 F–I), longer than wide (up to 55x 35 mm), slightly spindle-shaped at apex with a long tip, surface mottled or not, host different............................................................................ 14
14. Gall surface uniformly brown, never mottled ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 F–G). Apical tip narrow and slightly tortuous. On Q. castanea View in CoL ..................................................................................................... A. nassa
14’. Gall surface mottled ( Fig. 15H View FIGURE 15 ). Apical tip straight, narrowing gradually following the shape of the gall ( Fig. 15I View FIGURE 15 ). On Q. eduardi View in CoL , Q. emoryi View in CoL and Q. viminea View in CoL ................................................................. A. rulli n. sp.
15. Surface yellowish brown. Internal tissue uniformly light brown, relatively consistent, firm. Apical tip short and narrow, sometimes bent ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 C–D).................................................................... A. zacatecaensis
15’. Surface chestnut brown. Internal tissue white to rosy around larval chamber, soft, cotton-like; light brown towards the surface. Apical tip short, but broad ( Fig. 15E View FIGURE 15 )............................................................... A. dampfi
16. Deformable with fingers pressure, parenchyma relatively soft. Uniformly light brown when dry ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 A–B)....................................................................... A. hidalgoensis / A. michoacaensis / A. jaliscensis
16’. Hard galls not deformable by finger pressure, with lignified parenchyma. Colour sometimes different................. 17
17. Regularly spherical. Surface light green with whitish mottles when mature; turning to uniformly light brown when dry ( Figs 16 View FIGURE 16 H–I)............................................................................ A. oaxacae / A. tarasco
17’. Subspherical, with small elongation towards the base. Surface never mottled and darker in colour ( Figs 16 View FIGURE 16 E–F, 16J)...... 18
18. Small gall, up to 20 mm in diameter with dark brown surface ( Fig. 16J View FIGURE 16 )............................... A. kinseyi n. sp.
18’. Usually large galls, up to 40 mm of diameter. Surface olive green when mature and turning brownish green when dry ( Figs 16 View FIGURE 16 E–G)................................................................................. A. bassae n. sp.
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