DIASPIDIDAE

Franco, José Carlos, Russo, Agatino & Marotta, Salvatore, 2011, An annotated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Portugal, including Madeira and Azores Archipelagos, Zootaxa 3004, pp. 1-32 : 8-15

FAMILY DIASPIDIDAE

Abgrallaspis degeneratus (Leonardi, 1896) Distribution: Mainland

References: Nakahara (1982), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Aonidia lauri (Bouché, 1833)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Neves (1936c), Seabra (1942), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Danzig (1993), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), CABI (1996a), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Aonidiella lauretorum (Lindinger, 1911)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Rungs (1941), Luisier (1942), Balachowsky (1938), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Aonidiella tinerfensis (Lindinger, 1911)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Neves (1936b, 1936c, 1936d, 1954b), Seabra (1942), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Fernandes (1992), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869

Distribution: Madeira

References: CAB (1966a), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Comments: the presence of A. destructor in Madeira reported by CAB (1966a) was based on Mercet’s list of parasitoids emerged from scale insects collected in Madeira, South Africa and Italian Somaliland ( Mercet, 1927). However, the record of A. destructor is only related to the Italian Somaliland and not to Madeira. The species was not included in the review on the coccoids of Madeira by Vieira et al. (1983). Nevertheless, this species was recently identified on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (Arecaceae) by António Miguel Franquinho Aguiar (personal communication, 2008), at Caniço de Baixo, Santa Cruz, and included in the arthropod list published by Borges et al. (2008).

Aspidiotus maderensis Lindinger, 1912

Distribution: Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1829

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Almeida (1889, 1898a, 1900), Camara (1905), Tavares (1905), Seabra (1906, 1916, 1926, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1941), Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Almeida (1934, 1935), Neves (1935, 1936c, 1954a), Balachowsky (1938, 1948), CAB (1970), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Fernandes (1992), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Kozár & Franco (1995), Carvalho et al. (1997), Borges (2005), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Aulacaspis crawii ( Cockerell, 1898)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Giliomee (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché, 1833)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Almeida (1898a), Camara (1906), Seabra (1906, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1941), Green (1923), Bensaúde (1927b), Neves (1936c), Balachowsky (1938, 1954), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Carneiro (1982), Fernandes (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Danzig & Pellizzari (1998), Watson (2002), Borges (2005), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Aulacaspis tubercularis (Newstead, 1906)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Carvalho (1999), Borges et al. (2008), Pellizzari & Germain (2010). Comment: Fernandes (1987) reported this species to Mainland. However, it is not a valid record as it was based on specimens collected from mango fruits imported from Venezuela.

Carulaspis juniperi (Bouché, 1851)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Borchsenius (1966), Danzig (1993), Danzig & Pellizzari (1998), Borges (2005), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Carulaspis minima (Signoret, 1868)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1954), Neves (1954a, 1956), Rosen & DeBach (1978), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Kozár & Franco (1995), Borges (2005), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Carulaspis visci (Schrank, 1781)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira.

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Balachowsky (1938), Balachowsky (1954), Neves (1936b, 1936c, 1954a), Seabra (1942), Vieira et al. (1983).

Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Balachowsky (1954), Kostzarab & Kozár (1988), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

● Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938, 1948), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), CABI (1988), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Comment: first record for Mainland; collected by Celestino Soares on Citrus sinensis , in Tavira (Algarve) (21-9-2009).

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi ( Morgan, 1889)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Seabra (1930a, 1930b, 1941), Almeida (1934, 1935), Neves (1936c, 1952, 1954 a, 1954b), Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), CAB (1969), Guimarães (1973), Carneiro (1982), Fernandes (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Schanderl et al. (1995), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Carvalho et al. (1997), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Chrysomphalus diversicolor ( Green, 1923)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Green (1923), Neves (1936c), McKenzie (1939), Seabra (1942), Borchsenius (1966), Carvalho et al. (1997), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008).

Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell, 1891)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Green (1923), Neves (1935, 1936c), Balachowsky (1938), McKenzie (1939), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Carvalho (1999), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Cryptaspidiotus aonidioides Lindinger, 1911

Distribution: Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1951), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Cryptophyllaspis bornmuelleri (Lindinger, 1902)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Rübsaamen (1902), Sanders (1906), Green (1923), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Ben- Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008).

Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putnam, 1878)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Seabra (1941), Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus bavaricus ( Lindinger, 1912)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Lindinger (1912), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus cecconii (Leonardi, 1908)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Neves (1936a, 1936c), Seabra (1942), Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus laurinus ( Lindinger, 1912)

Distribution: Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Vieira et al. (1983), Borges (2005), Balachowsky (1938), Ferris (1943), Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis, 1843)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Fernald (1903), Seabra (1941), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira References: Ferreira (1932), Almeida (1934, 1935), Neves (1936c, 1954b), Seabra (1941), Guimarães (1973), Ferreira & Guimarães (1984), CABI (1986), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Carvalho et al. (1997), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Diaspidiotus uvae (Comstock, 1881)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira References: Borges (2005), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspidiotus zonatus (Frauenfeld, 1868)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Morgan (1889), Lindinger (1912), Neves (1954b), Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret, 1869

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Green (1923), Seabra (1930a, 1941), Neves (1936c), Balachowsky (1938, 1954), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Carneiro (1982), Fernandes (1982, 1992), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Carvalho (1999), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Diaspis bromeliae (Kerner, 1778)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Neves (1936b), Bensaúde (1926b), Balachowsky (1938, 1954), Borchsenius (1966), CAB (1973a), Guimarães (1973), Carneiro (1982), Fernandes (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Danzig & Pellizzari (1998), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), Giliomee (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Watson (2002), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Dynaspidiotus britannicus (Newstead, 1896)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Neves (1936b, 1936c), Balachowsky (1938), Seabra (1942), Balachowsky (1948), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Fernandes (1992), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret, 1869)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Fernald (1903), Lindinger (1912), Seabra (1930a, 1941), Almeida (1935), Neves (1936c, 1954a, 1956), Balachowsky (1938, ( 1954), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Kozár & Franco (1995), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Fiorinia fioriniae (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867)

Distribution: Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Bensaúde (1926c), Balachowsky (1938), Balachowsky (1954), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Carvalho (1999), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Fiorinia pinicola Maskell, 1897

Distribution: Mainland

References: Balachowsky (1954), Neves (1954a, 1956), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Furchadaspis zamiae ( Morgan, 1890)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Morgan (1890), Almeida (1898a), Fernald (1903), Green (1923), Neves (1936b, 1936c), Balachowsky (1938), Seabra (1941), Balachowsky (1954), Borchsenius (1966), Nakahara (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Carvalho (1999), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Gomezmenoraspis pinicola (Leonardi, 1906)

Distribution: Mainland

Reference: Danzig & Watson (2010).

Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret, 1869)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Borges et al. (2008).

Hemiberlesia insularis (Balachowsky, 1937)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1937a, 1938, 1948), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret, 1869)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Neves (1936a, 1936c, 1952, 1961), Seabra (1941, 1942), Balachowsky (1938), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Fernandes (1992), Danzig (1993), Kozár & Franco (1995), Carvalho (1999), Vieira et al. (1983), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell, 1892)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Seabra (1930a, 1941), Neves (1936c), Balachowsky (1948), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Ferris (1938), Carvalho (1999), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock, 1881)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Green (1923), Neves (1936c, 1954a), Seabra (1930a, 1941), Balachowsky (1948), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Fernandes (1992), Danzig (1993), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Kozár & Franco (1995), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Howardia biclavis (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Seabra (1918), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008).

Kuwanaspis bambusicola (Cockerell, 1899)

Distribution: Azores

References: Lindinger (1912), Borchsenius (1966), Takagi (1999), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis (Kuwana, 1902) Distribution: Mainland

References: Neves (1954b), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman, 1869)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Almeida (1889, 1898a), Fernald (1903), Camara (1906), Seabra (1906, 1941), Green (1923), Bensaúde (1924, 1927a), Neves (1936c, 1952), Balachowsky (1938, 1954), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), CAB (1982b), Carneiro (1982), Fernandes (1982, 1992), Vieira et al. (1983), Schanderl et al. (1995), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho (1994, 1999), Carvalho et al. (1997), Borges (2005), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1790)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Almeida (1898a), Seabra (1918, 1930a, 1941), Neves (1936c), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Kosztarab & Kozár (1988), Fernandes (1992), Kozár & Franco (1995), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Lepidosaphes gloveri (Packard, 1869)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Almeida (1935), Seabra (1941), Fernandes (1992), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Carvalho (1999), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008).

Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis (Bouché, 1851)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Seabra (1916, 1929, 1930b, 1930c, 1941), Almeida (1934, 1935), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Neves (1936a, 1936c), Balachowsky (1938), Seabra (1941), CAB (1958a), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Kozár & Franco (1995), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Leucaspis loewi Colvée, 1882

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Lindinger (1912), Balachowsky (1953), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Leucaspis pini (Hartig, 1839)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Camara (1906), Lindinger (1912), Seabra (1929, 1930a, 1930c, 1941), Almeida (1935), Neves (1936c), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Ferreira & Ferreira (1990), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Leucaspis pusilla Löw, 1883

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938, 1953), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Ferreira & Ferreira (1990), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Lindingaspis rossi (Maskell, 1892)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Neves (1936b, 1936c, 1954b), Balachowsky (1938), Seabra (1942), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Vieira et al. (1983), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Melanaspis bromiliae (Leonardi, 1899)

Distribution: Mainland and Azores

References: Lindinger (1912), Neves (1936c), Seabra (1942), Deitz & Davidson (1986), Borges (2005), Ben- Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Melanaspis smilacis (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Mainland, Madeira and Azores

References: Ferris (1941), Borchsenius (1966), Fernandes (1982), Guimarães (1973), Borges (2005), Ben- Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008).

Mycetaspis personata (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Carvalho & Aguiar (1997), Carvalho et al. (1997), Carvalho (1999), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Oceanaspidiotus spinosus (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Mainland, Madeira and Azores

References: Lindinger (1912), Seabra (1930a, 1941), Borchsenius (1966), Nakahara (1982), Kozár & Franco (1995), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Odonaspis litorosa Ferris, 1921

Distribution: Madeira

References: Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010).

Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, 1915

Distribution: Mailand and Madeira Reference: Danzig & Watson (2010).

Odonaspis saccharicaulis (Zehntner, 1897)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938, 1953), Borchsenius (1966), Vieira et al. (1983), Ben-Dov (1988), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), Nakahara (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Parlatoria oleae (Colvée, 1880)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Morrison (1939), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Parlatoria pergandii Comstock, 1881

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira References: Morrison (1939), Borchsenius (1966), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Parlatoria theae Cockerell, 1896

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1953), Borchsenius (1966), Danzig (1993), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas, 1853)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Morrison (1939), Danzig (1993), Carvalho (1994), Carvalho et al. (1997), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret, 1869)

Distribution: Mainland and Madeira

References: Seabra (1918, 1930a, 1941), Neves (1936c), Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), Guimarães (1973), CAB (1977a), Vieira et al. (1983), Danzig (1993), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti, 1886)

Distribution: Mainland, Azores and Madeira

References: Balachowsky (1938), Borchsenius (1966), Nakahara (1982), Vieira et al. (1983), Ferreira & Guimarães (1984), CABI (1996b), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Madeira

References: Vieira et al. (1983), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Borges et al. (2008), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).

Targionia vitis (Signoret, 1876)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Almeida (1898a), Camara (1906), Seabra (1941), Neves (1954b), Danzig (1993), Kozár & Franco (1995), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010).

Unaspis citri (Comstock, 1883)

Distribution: Mainland and Azores

References: Bensaúde (1924, 1927a), Laing (1929), CAB (1963), Giliomee (1966), Fernandes (1982), Ferreira & Guimarães (1984), Schanderl et al. (1995), Carvalho et al. (1997), Kozár & Franco (1995), Borges (2005), Ben-Dov et al. (2010), Franco et al. (2006).

Unaspis euonymi (Comstock, 1881)

Distribution: Mainland

References: Borchsenius (1966), Carneiro (1982), Kozár & Franco (1995), Danzig & Pellizzari (1998), Ben- Dov et al. (2010), Danzig & Watson (2010), Pellizzari & Germain (2010).