Stenaspis solitaria ( Say, 1824 )

Eya, Bryan K., 2021, Recharacterization of Stenaspis Audinet-Serville, 1834 with a new species from Mexico (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini), Insecta Mundi 2021 (851), pp. 1-36 : 18-20

Stenaspis solitaria ( Say, 1824)

( Fig. 91–94 )

Type species: Cerambxy solitarius Say, 1824 .

Callichroma solitaria Haldeman 1847: 32

Cerambyx solitaria Say 1824: 410

Cerambyx solitarius LeConte 1859a: 191

Smileceras solitarium LeConte 1850: 9 ; Meisheimer 1853: 101 (cat.)

Smileceras solitarius White 1853: 143 ; Thomson 1864: 208

Stenaspis lugubris Casey 1912: 318

Stenaspis unicolor White 1853: 78 ; Lacordaire 1869: 171

Steraspis unicolor Dupont 1840: 11 (misspelling)

Stenaspis solitarius LeConte 1854: 441 (dist.); LeConte 1873b: 336 (syn.)

Stenaspis solitaria LeConte 1858: 25 , 40 (dist.), 1859b: 20, 1859c: 127 (dist.); Lacordaire 1869: 171; Gemminger and Harold 1872: 2967 (cat.); LeConte 1876: 519 (dist.); Bates 1880: 76 (dist.); Snow 1883: 42 (dist.); Bates 1885: 321 (dist.); Leng 1886: 62; Horn 1894: 338 (dist.); Townsend 1895: 47 (dist.); Wickham 1898: 22 (dist.); Snow 1906a: 170 (dist.), 1906b: 147 (dist.), 1906c: 179 (dist.); Fall and Cockerell 1907: 192 (dist.); Schaeffer 1908: 330 (dist.); Aurivillius 1912: 458 (cat.); Casey 1912; 318; Grossbeck 1912: 325 (dist.) Garnett 1918: 207 (dist.); Linsley 1934: 60 (dist.), 1942: 59; Blackwelder 1946: 589 (cat.); Vogt 1949: 177 (dist.); Spieth 1950: fig. 36; Gibson and Carrillo 1959: 120 (dist.); Linsley et al. 1961: 21 (dist.); Linsley 1962: 99 (biol.); Linsley and Cazier 1962: 745 (biol.); MacKay et al. 1987: 364 (dist.); Hovore et al. 1987: 297 (dist.); Hovore 1988: 28 (cat.); Chemsak et al. 1992: 86 (cat.); Terrón 1992: 288 (dist.); Monné and Giesbert 1994: 152 (cat.); Monné 1994: 35 (cat.); Noguera and Chemsak 1996: 403 (dist.); Linsley and Chemsak 1997: 434 (host); Heffern 1998: 24 (dist.); Monné 2001: 79 (host); Swift 2008: 4 (dist.).

Redescription. Male: Length 22–35 mm. Form large, glabrate; integument concolorous black or bluish-black, rarely reddish-brown. Head with vertex and frons rugulose, irregularly punctate; mandibles with apices simple, rounded to narrowly truncate; genae nitid, irregularly punctate; antennal tubercles prominent, apices acute; antennae exceeding elytral apices by about three segments, scape conical, separately punctate with very short, depressed hair arising from each puncture; antennomeres II–VI clothed with short appressed, black hairs, antennomeres from VII densely clothed with minute, appressed pubescence; antennomeres III–VII with apices slightly enlarged and expanded, and laterally carinate from apex of III with poriferous area on either side of carina; dorsum of antennomere III with basal half finely, separately punctate, apical half densely punctate, antennomere IV–VI finely, densely punctate, antennomere III subequal to or shorter than I, IV subequal to III, V longer than III, VI subequal to or longer than V, VII subequal to VI, VIII subequal to VII, IX subequal to VIII, X subequal to or shorter than IX, XI longest, appendiculate at apical third. Pronotum 1.5 times as broad as long, sides distinctly tuberculate slightly behind middle; anterior angles inflated, broadly rounded; disc with dorsal calli vague, two in anterior half on either side of middle, and three in basal half, one in middle and one each on either side; area between calli flattened, surface denudate, coarsely, shallowly, irregularly, punctate; proepisternum inflated, finely, densely punctate, sparsely pubescent, and clearly demarcated from coarsely punctate pronotal disc; prosternum transversely rugose, with transverse subrectangular finely, densely punctate impressed area on each side of middle; prosternal intercoxal process nitid, rugose or sparsely, irregularly punctate; mesosternum with surface nitid, anterior half and on sides finely, densely, minutely punctate, posterior half irregularly, sparsely punctate in middle; mesosternal intercoxal process sparsely pubescent; metasternum nitid, sparsely punctate, and sparsely pubescent with depressed, transparent hairs, metepisternum finely, densely pubescent with whitish, depressed hairs. Elytra about 2.4 times longer than broad, distinctly margined laterally; disc opaque, finely reticulate and separately, minutely punctate. Legs nitid, femora slightly clavate, vaguely, transversely striate, shallowly, sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with appressed, short, black hairs, outer and inner margin with short, black, depressed bristles; tibiae slender, sparsely to densely punctate and clothed with short, black, depressed bristles denser on inner margin and in apical half. Abdomen glabrate, nitid, finely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, sparsely clothed with transparent pubescence; fifth sternite truncate, shallowly emarginate at apex.

Female: 20–36 mm. Form similar to male, head, pronotum, and appendages similar in coloration to male; antennae short, attaining middle of elytra, antennomeres II–VIII clothed with short appressed, black hairs, antennomeres from IX densely clothed with minute, appressed pubescence; apices of antennomeres III–V slightly enlarged, VI–XI gradually flattened, apices expanded and angulate; antennomere III shorter than I, IV shorter than III, V subequal to III, VI subequal to or shorter than V, antennomeres from VII–X progressively shorter, XI subequal to or longer than X and shorter than IX. Pronotum laterally tuberculate slightly behind middle; anterior angles with obtuse callus on each side; proepisternum coarsely, irregularly, sparsely punctate and not clearly demarcated from coarse punctures on pronotal disc as in male; prosternum coarsely, sparsely striate-punctate (without finely punctate transverse subrectangular area found in males). Elytra about 2.3 times longer than broad, disc and margin similar to male. Abdomen similar to male, fifth sternite truncate, occasionally indented at apex.

Materials examined. USA: California: San Bernardino Co. Mitchell Caverns St. Park, Park Headquarters, 4300′, Spring area, 26 Aug 1978, R.L. Aalbu (1 female, LGBC). Arizona: Cochise Co. : 2 mi. E. of Douglas, 2 Aug. 1994, B.K. Eya (2 males, 4 females, BKEC); 1 mi. N Rodeo, 23 Aug. 1972, D. Veirs (1 male, 1 female, BKEC); Fairbank, 27 Aug 1976, R.L. Aalbu (1 female, LGBC). Pima Co. : 8 mi S.E. Continental, 27 Aug. 1976, R.L. Aalbu (1 male, LGBC); Madera Canyon, 6 Aug. 1991, N.J. Smith (1 male, LGBC), 27 Aug. 1975, L. Bezark, G. Nishida, C. Kitayama, and B. Tilden (8 males, 4 females, LGBC), 31 Aug. 1975, L. Bezark, G. Nishida, C. Kitayama, and B. Tilden (4 males, 2 females, LGBC). Santa Cruz Co.: Madera Canyon, 7 Aug. 1991, N.E.C. Smith (1male, LGBC), 27 Aug. 1975, L. Bezark, G. Nishida, C. Kitayama, and B. Tilden (3 males, 5 females, BKEC, LGBC); Nogales, 28 Aug. 1976, R.L. Aalbu (1 male, 1 female, LGBC). Sonora Desert: 30 Aug. 1964, R.G.C. (1 male, BKEC). Texas: Guadalupe Mts. Nat. Park: July 1972, K. Solomon (1 male, LGBC). MEXICO: Baja Cal. Sur : 14.1 mi W. on Ramal a Los Naranjos, 15 Sept. 1988, A.J. Gilbert (1 female, LGBC). Sinaloa: Guamachil, 6 mi. S., 28 July 1966, J.A. Chemsak, E.G. and J.M. Linsley (1 female, BKEC). Sonora: Navajoa, 18 Aug. 1962, A.E. Michelbacher (1 male, BKEC).

Discussion. The apices of the mandibles are simple but rounded or narrowly truncate in S. solitaria ( Fig. 52 ) compared to other species with the apices of the mandibles simple and acute ( Fig. 51, 53 ). The antennomeres are finely, densely punctate from the apical half of the third and more densely clothed with appressed, short, black hairs ( Fig. 60 ). Other Stenaspis species have antennomeres III–IV more sparsely punctate ( Fig. 57–59, 61 ). Antennomere III is subequal to or shorter than the scape in S. solitaria male compared to other males with antennomere III longer than the scape. The sides of the pronotum are more distinctly tuberculate slightly behind the middle in both sexes ( Fig. 33, 36 ). The elytral discs are opaque, finely reticulated and separately, minutely punctate. The femora appear more distinctly compressed or flattened in this species than others. Casey (1912: 318) described Stenaspis lugubris Casey as a species separate from S. solitaria based on the smaller size and antennae shorter in males, not more than a third longer than the body; however, such allometric variations in the length of the anten-

nae (and antennomeres) are commonly seen in trachyderine species of variable size.

Figures

Figures 91–102. Dorsal and lateral images of Stenaspis solitaria, and images from all sides of S. superba, holotype, female. 91–94) S. solitaria, Cochise, AZ, USA. 91–92) Male, 29 mm. 93–94) Female, 31 mm. 95–101) S. superba, holotype, female, Mojos, BOL. 98) Image of head showing apices of mandible acute, genae large, quadrate margins of lower eye lobes well separated from mandibles. 98: 98a) Dorsal anterior margins of genae ridged. 99) Caudal image showing brush of hairs. 100) Lateral image showing coarsely punctured proepisternum and epipleural margin of elytron below humerus. 101) Ventral image showing pronotum narrower than elytra at humeri, lateral tubercles of pronotum slightly behind middle, rounded anterior angle of pronotum, and protuberant prosternal intercoxal process. 102) Label information provided by NHRS along with photos of S. superba.

Figures 51–56. Scape of Stenaspis compared to Crioprosopus and Callistochroma. 51) Stenaspis verticalis, male, Puebla, MEX. 52) S. solitaria, male, Cochise Co., AZ, USA. 53) S. castaneipennis, male, Oaxaca, MEX. 54) Crioprosopus servillei, female, Tegucigalpa, HND. 55) Crioprosopus baldwini, female, Chiriquí Prov., PAN. 56) Callistochroma lampros, male, Panama Prov., PAN. 51–53) Scape of Stenaspis without excavated area in basal half. 51–52) Scape glabrate, sparsely punctate. 53) Scape coarsely, separately punctate. 54–56) Scapes of Crioprosopus and Callistochroma with excavated area in basal half.

Figures 57–61. Antennae of Stenaspis. 57) S. verticalis, male, Nuevo Leon, MEX. 58) S. castaneipennis, male, Oaxaca, MEX. 59) S. lingafelteri sp. nov., holotype, male, Chiapas, MEX. 60) S. solitaria, male, Cochise Co., AZ, USA. 61) S. superba, holotype, female, Mojos, BOL. 57–59) Antennae bicolored, antennomeres III–V, glabrate, sparsely punctate except apically darker, densely punctate and pubescent. 60) Antennomeres concolorous, densely punctate except basal half of III sparsely punctate. 61) Antennomeres black to brown, scape glabrate, sparsely punctate, scape to antennomere IV sparsely punctate.

Figures 33–41. Pronotal and prosternal characteristic of Stenaspis solitaria and Stenaspis superba. 33–35) S. solitaria, male, Cochise Co., AZ, USA with disc coarsely punctate with 5 vague calli (yellow arrows). 33: 33a) Pronotum with prominent lateral tubercle. 33: 33b) Rounded anterior angles, which does not extend and merge over lateral tubercles. 34: 34a) Proepisternum finely punctate. 35: 35a) Prosternum with finely densely punctate transverse subrectangular area on each side of middle. 36–38) S. solitaria, female, Cochise Co., AZ, USA 36: 36a) Anterior angle of pronotum obtusely callused and obliquely tapering to the apex of pronotum. 37) Coarsely punctate proepisternum of female. 38) Coarsely punctate prosternum of female. 39–41) S. superba, holotype, female, Mojos, BOL (photos provided from J. Bergsten, NHRS). 39) Coarsely punctate pronotal disc with two prominent discal calli in anterior half. 40) Convex pronotal disc with coarsely punctate proepisternum. 41) Coarsely punctate prosternum and broadly callused anterior angle of S. superba.