Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) rondoniensis, Sant’Ana & Sallum, 2022

Sant’Ana, Denise Cristina & Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, 2022, A new species of the Arthuri Complex of the Strodei Subgroup of Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), Zootaxa 5175 (5), pp. 559-569 : 560-565

Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) rondoniensis Sant’Ana & Sallum, n. sp.

Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:71ADE649-1005-470A-BE37-094F5272B86D

Anopheles arthuri C of Bourke et al. 2013: 1, 3, 6–16 (phylogeny); Foster et al. 2017: 5 (phylogeny),

Nyssorhynchus arthuri C of Greni et al. 2018: 1–4, 6–9 (phylogeny, distribution).

Female. Integument light to dark brown, pruinose. Head: Vertex posterior to frontal tuft with erect, white spatulate scales and a few long, white setae, remainder of vertex and occiput with dark brown erect forked scales. Proboscis dark-scaled. Maxillary palpomere 1 with erect, dark scales; palpomere 2 with semi-erect, dark scales, pale scales at apex; palpomere 3 with decumbent, mostly dark scales, white scales at apex; palpomere 4 with decumbent, mostly white scales, dark scales at base, sometimes a few dark scales laterally and at apex; palpomere 5 with decumbent, predominantly white scales, dark scales at base. Thorax: Integument pruinose with dark areas between dorsocentral area and lateral margin, at posterior edge of scutal fossa and posteriorly on prescutellar area. Anterior promontory with long, white setiform scales, usually not extending far dorsad onto acrostichal area; acrostichal setae strong; dorsocentral setae long; scutellum with long dark setae on posterior margin and white spatulate scales anteriorly. Antepronotum with dark setae. Prespiracular area bare; upper mesokatepisternum without setae and scales, lower mesokatepisternum with white spatulate scales and brownish setae. Wing ( Fig. 1a ): Veins covered with dark and pale scales. Dorsal spots as follows: Costa with basal pale and prehumeral pale (BP and PHP), prehumeral dark (PHD), humeral pale (HP), humeral dark (HD), presector pale (PSP), presector dark (PSD), sector pale (SP), sector dark (SD), accessory sector pale (ASP), sector dark (SD), subcostal pale (SCP), preapical dark (PD), preapical pale (PP), apical dark (AD) and apical pale (AP) spots; vein R s mostly dark-scaled; R 2+3,R 4+5 and M predominantly pale-scaled. Legs: Tarsomeres Ta-I 1-3 and Ta-I 5 with white-scaled apices, Ta-I 4 dark-scaled. Tarsomeres Ta-II 1,2 and Ta-II 5 darkscaled with apical white band, Ta-II 3 and Ta-II 4 dark-scaled. Hindleg ( Fig. 1b ): Tarsomeres Ta-III 1 predominantly dark-scaled, pale-scaled at apex, Ta-III 2 dark-scaled approximately on proximal 0.23, pale-scaled approximately on distal 0.77, Ta-III 3 and Ta-III 4 entirely white-scaled, Ta-III 5 dark-scaled on approximately proximal 0.5, whitescaled on distal 0.5. Abdomen: Integument dark brown; terga II–V with pale scales in sub-triangular pattern, pale scales evenly distributed on terga VI–VIII; dark posterolateral scale-tufts on terga II–VII. Sternum I bare; sterna II–VII with a few sparse pale scales; sternum VIII with pale scales and a few dark scales.

Male. Similar to female except for sexual characters. Head: Maxillary palpus mostly dark-scaled, with pale spots; palpomere 2 with erect dark scales and a few pale scales; palpomere 3 with erect dark scales basally, with pale apical band; palpomere 4 dark-scaled, with pale scales basally and apically; palpomere 5 mostly white-scaled on dorsal surface, lateral and ventral surfaces mostly dark-scaled. Genitalia ( Fig. 2c ): Segment VIII—Tergum and sternum with spatulate scales and long setae. Segment IX—Sternum well developed, sub-rectangular. Dorsal claspette—Pedicel long, rounded basally, with 3 broad, curved apical leaflets. Ventral claspette—Apex wide, irregular, rugose, striated, striae oriented parallel to longitudinal axis of the genitalia, apex moderately expanded laterally into rounded lobes; apicolateral lobes with convex basal and lateral margins, apical margin weakly concave. Apex without spicules on ventral, lateral and dorsal surfaces. Preapical plate moderately developed, poorly sclerotized, approximately circular, moderately defined. Basal lobule large, slightly expanded laterally at base, spicules on basal margin, long, strong, smaller at internal angle, projecting posteriorly. Phallosome—Aedeagus with broadly rounded apex, leaflets absent.

Pupa ( Fig. 2a, b ). Position and development of setae as figured. All measurements, and number and mode of setal branches are based on 5 specimens. Cephalothorax ( Fig. 2a ): Integument weakly pigmented; trumpet angusticorn with meatal cleft; pinna moderately pigmented. Abdomen ( Fig. 2b ): Length 2.35–2.53 mm (mean 2.42 ± 0.07 mm) seta 1-I dendritic, number of branches not counted; seta 2-I with 2–6 (4) branches; seta 3-I single, as long as 2-I; seta 4-I 3–5 (4) branched; seta 5-I single or double; setae 6,9-I single, 9-I shorter than seta 7-I; seta 7-I usually double, shorter than 6-I; seta 0-II–VII moderately developed, 0-II–IV with 3–6 (5) branches, 0-V,VII with 2–4 (3) branches, 0- VI 2–5 (4) branched; seta 1-II,III well developed, 3–10 (8) and 4–8 (6) branched, respectively, 1-IV–VII always single, strong, long, extending beyond following segment; seta 2-IV,V normally single, with 1–3 branches, 2-VI with 1–3 (3) branches, 2-VII with 1–3 (2) branches; seta 3-IV,V usually triple, 2–4 (3) and 1–3 (3), respectively, 3-VI with 1,2 (2) branches, 3-VII with 1–3 (2) branches; seta 4-IV–VII with 1,2 (2) branches, 4-VIII double, 2,3 (2); seta 5-III,IV with 4–6 (5) and 3–5 (4) branches, respectively, 5-V–VII single, long; seta 6-II–VII single; seta 7-II with 2,3 (3) branches, 7-III with 1,2 (2) branches, 7-IV,V double, 1–3 (2), 7-VI,VII single, 7-VI,VII moderately developed; seta 8-III,IV with 1–3 (2) branches, 8-V,VI with 1,2 (2) branches, 8-VII double, 2,3 (2); seta 9-II minute, lightly pigmented, 9-III short, stout, 9-IV,V stout, dark, 9-VI–VII stout, dark, longer than 9-IV,V; seta 10-III with 1–4 (2) branches, 10-IV,VII with 1,2 (1) branches, 10-V single, 10-VI absent; seta 11-III–VII frequently single. Genital lobe: Broad at base, with sides sloping toward apex, apex with mammiliform protuberance. Paddle: Length 0.70–0.72 mm (mean 0.71 ± 0.01 mm), width 0.47–0.58 mm (mean 0.51 ± 0.04 mm); obovate, outer margin distad of buttress with very fine, minute spicules, extending around apex and becoming sparse along inner margin; seta 1-Pa single, stronger than seta 2-Pa; seta 2-Pa normally single.

Fourth-instar larva ( Fig. 3 ). Position and development of setae as figured. All measurements, and number and mode of setal branches are based on 5 specimens. Head: Length 0.62–0.64 mm (mean 0.63 ± 0.01 mm), width 0.58–0.63 mm (mean 0.61 ± 0.02 mm). Integument weakly pigmented, yellowish to light brown, with dark spots, not forming distinct pattern. Seta 2-C single, with sparse, minute aciculae distally; seta 3-C shorter than 2-C, single, distance between bases of 2-C 0.010 –0.016 mm (mean 0.013 ± 0.005 mm); distance between bases of 2-C and 3-C 0.046 –0.060 mm (mean 0.054 ± 0.005 mm), clypeal index (=ratio between distance between bases of 2-C and 3-C on one side and distance between bases of 2-C) 4.15; seta 4-C double, short, usually not reaching base of 2-C; seta 5-C long, plumose, with 15–23 branches extending beyond base of 2-C; seta 6-C with 15–20 branches; seta 7-C with 17–26 branches; seta 8-C with 2–4 (3) branches; seta 9-C 2–4 (4) branched; seta 10-C with 2,3 (2) branches; setae 12,13-C frequently with 4 branches, 3–6 (4) and 4–6 (4), respectively. Collar dark brown, heavily pigmented. Antenna: Length 0.27–0.29 mm (mean = 0.28 ± 0.01 mm), enlarged toward base, longer than wide; with long, thin spicules on mesal margin, spicules shorter and fewer on dorsal and ventral surfaces; seta 1-A with 4–7 (6) branches, small, inserted 0.06–0.09 mm (mean = 0.07 ± 0.01 mm) distant from base. Thorax: Setae 1,2-P arising separately, 1-P palmate, with 13–16 (13) narrow, lanceolate leaflets, 2-P with 17–22 branches; seta 3-P single; seta 14-P with 8–12 (12) branches, arising distinct distance from base, extending beyond anterior margin of thorax; seta 1-M strongly plumose, with 34–42 branches; seta 2-M normally single, 1,2 (1); setae 3,5-M single; seta 4-M with 2,3 (3) branches; setae 6,7-M with 2,3 (2) and 3,4 (3) branches, respectively; seta 8-M plumose, with 28–36 branches; seta 14-M 8–11 (8) branched; seta 3-T palmate, moderately narrow, with 12–17 (16) semi-transparent leaflets. Abdomen: Seta 0-II–VII moderately long; seta 1-I–VII palmate, 1-I with 12–17 (12) narrow, semi-transparent leaflets, 1-II–VII with narrow, pointed leaflets; seta 2-I 3–6 (4) branched, short, 2-II–VII moderately long, 2-II, VII 4–6 (5) branched, 2-III with 3–5 (4) branches, 2-IV,V single; seta 5-I with 3–5 (4) branches, 5-II,V,VI usually with 7 branches, 7–10 (7), 5–8 (7) and 5–10 (7), respectively, 5-III with 7–10 (8) branches, 5-IV frequently with 6 branches, 5-VII with 7–11 (9) branches; seta 6-I–III plumose, inserted on tubercle, 6-IV–VI simple, single, large, 6-VII with 3,4 (4) branches; seta13-V larger than 13-I–IV; seta 1-VIII single; seta 2-VIII 6,7 (7) branched, seta 3-VIII with 8–10 (10) branches; seta 4-VIII single; seta 5-VIII 4–6 (5) branched. Pecten: With 4 or 5 long and 9–13 short spines; median plate moderately pigmented, darkly pigmented anteriorly, with median, pointed lateral arms; slightly narrowing in portion below the arms. Segment X: Seta 1-X inserted on margin of saddle; anal papillae narrow, longer than saddle.

Etymology. The name rondoniensis is derived from the name of Rondônia State, located in the Amazon Region of Brazil, where the species was first recorded.

Bionomics. Larvae and pupae of Ny. rondoniensis were taken from partially shaded lake margins, ground pools and flooded areas. The water was stagnant or with moderate movement, fresh, clear, with floating, submerged and emergent vegetation. They were also taken in a habitat without vegetation on a rocky outcrop with a waterfall, fully exposed to the sun. It is unknown whether Ny. rondoniensis is a local vector of malaria; however, it could be involved since females can be misidentified as Ny. oswaldoi s.l. or Ny. konderi s.l., both previously suspected to be local vectors in the States of Acre and Rondônia. Further studies are necessary to verify the potential association of Ny. rondoniensis with malaria transmission.

Distribution. Nyssorhynchus rondoniensis occurs in the municipalities of Campo Novo de Rondônia and Monte Negro, Rondônia State, Brazilian Amazon.

Material examined. Holotype — Adult male with associated Le and Pe and dissected genitalia mounted on microscope slides, specimen field code RO29-12, FSP-USP nº E-16057, bearing the following collection data: BRAZIL, Rondônia State, municipality of Campo Novo de Rondônia, Fazenda Marechal Rondon , 10º 38′ 15.5″ S, 65º 29′ 59.4″ W, coll. 17-Jun-2008, Bergo et al., larvae were collected from ground-pool habitats and kept alive to obtain males associated with larval and pupal exuviae . Paratypes — 21 specimens with the following information: Rondônia State, municipality of Campo Novo de Rondônia, Fazenda Marechal Rondon, 10º 38′ 15.5″ S, 65º 29′ 59.4″ W, coll. 17-Jun-2008, Bergo et al., RO29-1, FSP-USP no. E-16058 [FLePe]; RO29-5, FSP-USP no. E-16059 [MLePe]; RO29-9, FSP-USP no. E-16060 [LePeG]; RO29-10, FSP-USP no. E-16061 [LePe]; RO29-11, FSP-USP no. E-16062 [MLePeG]; RO29-13, FSP-USP no. E-16063 [FLePe]; RO29-17, FSP-USP no. E-16064 [MLePeG]; RO29-101, FSP-USP no. E-16065 [FPe]; RO29-105, FSP-USP no. E-16066 [FPe]; RO29-107, FSP-USP no. E- 16067 [MPe]; RO31-2, FSP-USP no. E-16068 [MLePeG]; RO31-4, FSP-USP no. E-16069 [LePeG]; RO31-6, FSPUSP no. E-16070 [LePeG]; RO31-10, FSP-USP no. E-16071 [LePeG]. Rondônia State, municipality of Monte Negro , Gleba Amir Lando , 10º 16′ 07.1″ S, 63º 33′ 19.4″ W, coll. 10-Jan-2008, Bergo, RO 08-2, FSP-USP no. E-16072 [Le]; RO08-3, FSP-USP no. E-16073 [FLePe]; RO08-4, FSP-USP no. E-16074 [LePeG]; RO08-105, FSPUSP no. E-16075 [MPe]; RO08-106, FSP-USP no. E-16076 [FPe]; RO08-109, FSP-USP no. E-16077 [MPeG]. Rondônia State, municipality of Monte Negro , Gleba Amir Lando , 10º 17′ 27.3″ S, 63º 34′ 34.9″ W, coll. 10-Jan- 2008, Bergo, RO 07-104, FSP-USP no. E-16078 [PeG]. The holotype and paratypes are deposited in the Coleção Entomológica de Referência ( FSP-USP), Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil . Other specimens examined —Specimens identified as Ny. strodei with the following data: San Ramón, Beni Department, Bolivia, coll. 4-Dec-1991, Conn & Fritz [2G].

Figures

FIGURE 1. Wing (a) and hindtarsus (b) of Nyssorhynchus rondoniensis n. sp. Costal wing spots: AD, apical dark; AP, apical pale; BP, basal pale; HD, humeral dark; HP, humeral pale; PD, preapical dark; PHD, prehumeral dark; PHP, prehumeral pale; PP, preapical pale; PSD, presector dark; PSP, presector pale; SD, sector dark; SCP, subcostal pale; SP, sector pale; Ta-III 1 –Ta-III, 5 hindtarsomeres 1–5.

FIGURE 2. Pupa and male genitalia of Nyssorhynchus rondoniensis n. sp. a, Cephalothorax; b, abdomen; c, male genitalia. Ae, aedeagus; bl, basal lobule; CT, cephalothorax; DCI, dorsal claspette; GL, genital lobe; Pa, paddle; Pp, preapical plate; VCI, ventral claspette; I–VIII, abdominal segments. Scales in mm.

FIGURE 3. Fourth-instar larva of Nyssorhynchus rondoniensis n. sp. A, Antenna; C, cranium; Dm, dorsomentum; La, lateral arms, M, mesothorax; MdP, median plate; P, prothorax; T, metathorax; I–VIII, X, abdominal segments. Scales in mm.