Microcosmus exasperatus, HELLER, 1878
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00017.x |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/436F3F3C-FFF8-FF87-FF78-F975FB2F1F8F |
treatment provided by |
Carolina |
scientific name |
Microcosmus exasperatus |
status |
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MICROCOSMUS EXASPERATUS HELLER, 1878 View in CoL ( Fig. 31 View Figure 31 )
Microcosmus exasperatus: Kott, 1985: 348 View in CoL – Australia, and synonymy; Monniot C., 1983: 1035 – Guadeloupe, 1989: 479, fig. 2, pl. 1 A – New Caledonia.
Microcosmus pupa ( Savigny, 1816) View in CoL : Monniot, 1973: 58 part, fig. 4A – specimen from Eilat.
Material
Suez, coll. R. PH. Dollfus, 1928.
Gulf of Aden.
Madagascar: Nosy-Be, 27 m, coll. P. Laboute, 1992.
Mozambique: Ibo Island, coll. C. Monniot, 1995.
Yemen: Socotra Island, coll. C. Monniot, 1997.
Description
The body shape varies with the substrate. The moreor-less red tunic may be naked or with epibionts; it is always wrinkled. The tunic is not thick but resistant, and has a nacreous lining. The siphons are short.
Despite its strong musculature, the body wall is thin and reveals the internal organs. The muscles form large bundles that issue from the siphons, and regularly cross each other.
The ramified tentacles arise at the base of a large velum. The dorsal tubercle is U-shaped with the anterior horns slightly rolled inwards; it lies in a dorsal V of the prepharyngeal band.
There are eight-to-nine high branchial folds on each side of a smooth edged dorsal lamina. The stigmata are cut by parastigmatic vessels.
The gut makes a closed primary loop ( Fig. 31A–D View Figure 31 ) leading to a dorsally curved intestine that adheres to the dorsal lamina. The anus is smooth-edged.
One gonad lies on each side ( Fig. 31A–D View Figure 31 ), made of three or four massive lobes linked only by the gonoducts. The left gonad crosses the intestine ( Fig. 31A–D View Figure 31 ). Male and female papillae are short and close together and protrude from the body wall.
There are no endocarps on the internal layer of the body wall itself, but sometimes one or two of them lie on the ventral side of the stomach.
Filiform papillae cover a wide field around the base of the cloacal siphon.
Remarks
Microcosmus exasperatus View in CoL is cosmopolitan in warm waters. It differs from Microcosmus pupa ( Savigny, 1816) View in CoL by the absence in the former of endocarps and the shape of its gonads, made of lobes in a line.
MICROCOSMUS MADAGASCARIENSIS MICHAELSEN, 1918 View in CoL ( Figs 27D View Figure 27 , 32 View Figure 32 )
Microcosmus madagascariensis, Michaelsen, 1918: 20 View in CoL – Madagascar, Nosy-Be; Vasseur, 1969, – Madagascar, Tulear.
Not Microcosmus agglutinans Hartmeyer, 1919: 26 View in CoL
Not Microcosmus madagascariensis: Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928: 398 View in CoL ; Kott, 1985: 35.
Material
Madagascar, Nosy-Be, coll. R. Plante, 1967.
Description
The single specimen is 16 mm in diameter. The tunic is encrusted with coarse sediment and projects some long, hair-like extensions also encrusted with sand. The short siphons diverge at 90°. The siphonal spinules are very sharp spines issued from a wide base ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ).
The body wall is rendered opaque by a dense musculature regularly distributed over the whole body. The oral velum is covered with button-like papillae.
Several orders of oral tentacles alternate; the largest tentacles have three orders of branching. The C-shaped dorsal tubercle opens to the left in the middle of a deep V of the prepharyngeal band ( Fig. 32D View Figure 32 ). The peritubercular area is papillate. The dorsal lamina is smooth.
The branchial sac has seven high folds on each side, overlapping each other. The formula is:
R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
V |
Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Microcosmus exasperatus
Monniot, Claude 2002 |
Microcosmus exasperatus: Kott, 1985: 348
Kott P 1985: 348 |
Microcosmus pupa ( Savigny, 1816 )
Monniot C & Monniot F 1973: 58 |
Microcosmus madagascariensis: Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928: 398
Kott P 1985: 35 |
Hartmeyer R & Michaelsen W 1928: 398 |
Microcosmus agglutinans
Hartmeyer R 1919: 26 |
Microcosmus madagascariensis, Michaelsen, 1918: 20
Michaelsen W 1918: 20 |