Ipomoea batatoides Choisy

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

145. Ipomoea batatoides Choisy , Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8 (1): 58 [136]. 1838. (Choisy 1838: 58[136])

Ipomoea riedelii Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 265. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 265). Type. BRAZIL. Bahia, L. Riedel s.n. (isotype NY00319218).

Ipomoea microsticta Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 1, 7: 411.1899. (Hallier 1899c: 411). Type. GUATEMALA. Escuintla, C. Seler & E. Seler 2427 (holotype B†, isotypes GH, L).

Ipomoea pseudomina K. Schum. , Just's Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 383.1900. (Schumann 1900: 383). Type. BOLIVIA. O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B†, photo F).

Ipomoea glabriuscula House , Bot. Gaz. 43: 409. 1907. (House 1907b: 409). Type. GUATEMALA. E.T. Heyde s.n. (holotype US256072).

Ipomoea philipsonii O'Donell , Lilloa 26: 378. 1953. ( O’Donell 1953a: 378). Type. COLOMBIA. Meta, El Mico airstrip, W.R. Philipson, J.M. Idrobo & A. Fernández 1396 (holotype BM000953165, isotype COL).

Ipomoea teruae Ant. Molina & L.O. Williams, Fieldiana , Bot. 32 (12): 196. 1970. (Williams 1970a: 196). Type. GUATEMALA Sololá: mountain slopes above Lake Atitlán, L.O. Williams, A. Molina & T.P Williams 25331 (holotype F0054901, isotype EAP).

Type.

BRAZIL. Bahia, Blanchet in Herb. Moric. (holotype G-DC, not seen, fragment F).

Description.

Twining perennial to 4 m, stems usually glabrous. Leaves petiolate, 3-11 × 2.5-8 cm, ovate, weakly cordate with rounded auricles, shortly acuminate to an acute apex, occasionally slightly undulate-denticulate or weakly 3-lobed, glabrous or, rarely, pubescent, lower surface paler, often dotted with glands or minute hair bases; petioles 2-7 cm, characteristically slender. Inflorescence of lax pedunculate, axillary cymes; peduncles 3-10 cm; secondary peduncles 1.5-3 cm; bracteoles filiform, 4 mm, caducous; pedicels 5-15 mm long; sepals subequal, coriaceous and somewhat convex, 6-8(-10) × 5 mm, broadly oblong, rounded, usually glabrous, margins narrowly scarious; corolla 4-8 cm long, funnel-shaped, inflated above a narrow basal tube, then gradually widened, pink or, less commonly, white, glabrous, limb 5-6 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules 8 × 6 mm, ellipsoid, glabrous, rostrate; seeds pilose on the margins with long white hairs.

Illustration.

Figures 83 , 84A .

Distribution.

A widespread species of moist tropical forest at altitudes below 900 m from northern Bolivia and Brazil north to central Mexico but largely absent from the Amazonian lowlands.

BRAZIL. Alagoas: Coruripe, Faz. Capiatã, R.D. Ribeiro et al. 1022 (RB, OXF). Amapá: Macapá, Serra do Navio, S. Mori et al. 17687 (NY). Bahía: Paulo Afonso, E.B. Miranda et al. 853 (HUEFS, OXF); Rio São Francisco, Bom Jesus da Lapa, R.M. Harley et al. 21380 (CEPEC, K, NY). Ceará: Schery 423 (RB). Goiás: Campinaçu, Rio Tocantinzinho, A.A. Santos et al. 73 (CEN); Niquelândia, R. Marquete et al. 2523 (IBGE, MO). Maranhão: Monção, Ka’apor Reserve, W.L. Balée & A. Gely 879 (K). Mato Grosso do Sul: E.P. Heringer 853 (NY). Pará: Estrada da Fazenda Velha, Da Silva 177 (K); Santarém, R. Spruce s.n. (K). Pernambuco: J. Falçao 928 (RB). Rondônia: Porto Velho, W.W. Thomas et al. 5029 (K, MO, NY), ibid., 4927 (K, NY). Sergipe: L.A. Gomes 239 (ASE). Tocantins: 15 km S of Araguaina, H.S. Irwin 21216 (NY). Also Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte fide Flora do Brasil (2020).

FRENCH GUIANA. Feuillet et al. 10217 (MO); J.J. Granville & F. Crozier 16385 (CAY, P); G. Cremers 6169 (P).

SURINAM. Lely Mts, J.C. Lindeman et al. 512 (K, MO, P); Volyz Mts, A. Pulle 284 (K).

GUYANA. Stoffers et al. 458 (MO).

BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Carrasco, Puerto Cotagaita, O. Colque & L. Mendoza 196 (OXF, MO, USZ). La Paz: Caranavi, J.R.I. Wood & T. Daniel 18399 (HSB, K, LPB); Sud Yungas, J.R.I. Wood, et al. 20623 (LPB). Santa Cruz: Velasco, Cerro Pelao, T. Killeen & J. Wellens 6312 (ARIZ, LPB, MO, USZ); Florida-La Mechita, J.R.I. Wood et al. 26095 (K, LPB, UB, USZ).

PERU. Cusco: La Convención, Echarate, L. Valenzuela et al. 9432 (MO, OXF Loreto: Río Pastaza, Andoas, F. Ayala 2264 (MO, OXF). Puno: P. Nuñez & C. Muñoz 5152 (MO, USM). San Martín: fide McPherson (1993).

ECUADOR. Napo: Lugo 3434 (QCA); Jatun Sacha, C.E. Cerón 6704 (MO). Orellana: Chiruisla-Río Tiputini, J. Jaramillo et al. 24699 (QCA).

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Urubá, L. Uribe 1469 (COL). Cesar: Serranía de Perijá, O. Rivera Díaz 2919 (COL). Chocó: Yuto, A. Gentry & E. Renteria 23787 (COL, MO). Magdalena: Tucurinca, R. Romero 572 (COL); Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1568 (BM, COL, MO, P, S). Meta: type of Ipomoea philipsonii . Putumayo: Mocoa, Vereda Alto campucana, D. Giraldo 2018 (COL, MO).

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: R Liesner et al. 18223 (MO). Lara: Santa Rosa, A.H.G.Alston 6336 (BM, NY, S). Yaracuy: H. Pittier 13075 (MO, US, VEN). Also Aragua. Carabobo and Falcón fide Austin (1982b).

PANAMA. Gorgona-Mamel, H. Pittier 2274 (BM, US).

COSTA RICA. A. Tonduz 4803 (BM); San José-Puntarenas, P. Wilkin 471 (BM); Limón, Pococí, F. Araya 184 (BM, MO); San José, El General, A.F. Skutch 2225 (K, S); Puntarenas, Golfito, M. Segura & F. Quesada 224 (BM, K, MO); Alajuela, San Ramón, B. Hammel 19360 (MO).

NICARAGUA. Chinandega, J.C. Sandino 3808 (BM, MO); Masaya, D. Neill 3068 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. Morazán, Santa Ana, A. Molina et al. 31172 (MO).

EL SALVADOR. Quezaltepeque, M. Calderón & W.G. Berendsohn JBL00559 (MO); Libertad, R.A. Caballo et al. 04221 (BM).

GUATEMALA. Bernoulli & Cario 1882 (K); J.J. Castillo 1964 (F, S); San Marcos, J.D. Dwyer 15307 (MO).

MEXICO. Chiapas: Río de la Venta, D.E. Breedlove 27392 (MO); D.E. Breedlove & R.F. Thorne 30517 (MICH); La Correa, E. Langlassé 396 (K). Guerrero: Montes de Oca. Vallecitos G.B. Hinton 11364 (K). Jalisco: La Huerta, E.J. Lott 3890 (MO); ibid., M.G. Ayala 217 (MEXU). Michoacán: Coahuayana, E. Carranza & I. Silva 6810 (IEB, MEXU), 7104 (IEB). Oaxaca: K. Velasco-G & G. Juárez 80 (IEB); Santa Maria Chilchotla, X. Munn-Estrada et al. 1311 (MEXU). Puebla: Las Margaritas, B. Gómez 850 (IEB, K, MEXU). Querétaro: Landa de Matamoros, E. Pérez & E. Carranza 3759 (IEB); Jalpán, B. Servín 408 (IEB). Veracruz: San Andrés Tuxtla, G. Martínez Calderón 1776 (MEXU); ibid., S. Sinaca Colín et al. 978 (IEB); Las Tuxlas, G. Ibarra 2079 (MO).

Notes.

Plants are usually glabrous and the leaves often dotted beneath with hair bases/glands. Occasional densely pubescent plants occur such as Ayala 2264 from Peru and Breedlove 27392 from Mexico. White-flowered forms occur in the Yungas of La Paz, Peru, central Mexico and Venezuela and can be easily mistaken for Ipomoea reticulata but the calyx and corolla are both larger, the sepals coriaceous with only very narrow scarious margins and the inflorescence clearly of axillary cymes, never subracemose. White-flowered specimens from Mexico are particularly difficult to assign to species, especially when leafless. We have generally treated these as I. pseudoracemosa if the peduncles are short and the plant is leafless at anthesis. However, the type of I. pseudoracemosa is leafless and it is difficult to characterise that species or distinguish it from I. batatoides in the absence of better material and field studies.

Four South American specimens are distinctive because of their large sepals (up to 15 × 10 mm). Three are from Brazil: R. Ribeiro et al. 1022 (RB, OXF) from Alagoas, Miranda et al. 853 (HUEFS, OXF), from Bahia and A.A. Santos et al. 73 (CEN) from Goiás, and one (J. Schunke 2590 (F, MO) from Huánuco in Peru. They merit further study and may represent a distinct taxon.

Figures

Figure 83. Ipomoea batatoides. A habit B outer sepal C inner sepal D corolla opened out to show stamens E base of stamen F ovary and style G fruiting inflorescence. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A-F from Colque & Mendoza 196; G from Santos 73.

Figure 84. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. batatoides B I. horsfalliae C I. mauritiana D I. exserta E, F I. platensis. A Guillaume Leotard B Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew C S. SANT / Parc Amazonien de Guyane D John Wood E, F Mario Giorgetti.