Calveriosoma hystrix ( Thomson, 1872b )

Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), Zootaxa 4639 (1), pp. 1-231 : 119

Calveriosoma hystrix ( Thomson, 1872b)

Reports for the Azores:

Asthenosomum hystrix ( Agassiz 1881) — $ Koehler 1895a: 224, 1895b: 228;

Asthenosomum hystrix ( Thomson, 1872b) — $ Koehler 1898: 9–10;

Areosoma hystrix ( Thomson, 1872b) — $ Koehler 1909: 216–217; Mortensen 1927a: 282–283, figs. 156.1, 158.2, 159; Nobre 1938: 107–108, fig. 47;

Calveriosoma hystrix ( Thomson, 1872b) — Mortensen 1935: 222–227, figs. 126–128, pl. 23, figs. 1–5, pl. 24, fig. 1, pl. 68, fig. 12; $ Pérès 1992: 252, 254; García–Diez et al. 2005: 50.

Type locality: between Faeroe Island and Scotland (59°26’N, 8°23’W) .

See: Mortensen (1903: 70–72, as Calveria hystrix ; 1935).

Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, from off SW Iceland ( Mortensen 1903) southwards to Northeast African waters ( Koehler 1909, Mortensen 1927b), including the Azores ( Koehler 1909), and the Canaries ( Mortensen 1927b), and Meteor seamounts ( Koehler 1898).

Depth: 360– 1,800 m ( Mortensen 1935); AZO: 800– 1,528 m ( Koehler 1898, 1909).

Habitat: on sand, mud to soft ooze ( Koehler 1898, Gage et al. 1985).

Larval stage: lecithotrophic ( Emlet 1995).

Remarks: historically, Calveriosoma hystrix was frequently confused and in many instances regarded as conspecific with Araeosoma fenestratum ( Mortensen 1903, 1935), another echinoid native to the archipelago deep waters (see above). As a result, older records particular prior to the review by Mortensen (1903) should be regarded with caution considering that they could be referring to either of the two species.