Ceramaster granularis granularis ( Retzius, 1783 )

Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), Zootaxa 4639 (1), pp. 1-231 : 89

Ceramaster granularis granularis ( Retzius, 1783)

Reports for the Azores:

Pentagonaster granularis ( Retzius, 1783) — $ Perrier 1896a: 45; Koehler 1909: 84–85, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 18, figs. 3–4;

Ceramaster granularis (M̹ller, 1776)— Koehler 1924: 176–177; Mortensen 1927a: 81–82, fig. 44; Sneli 1999: 242;

Ceramaster granularis granularis ( Retzius, 1783) — Clark & Downey 1992: 233–234, figs. 39a–b, pl. 55, figs. A–B; García- Diez et al. 2005: 47.

Type locality: St. Croix (? Canada) .

See: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992).

Occurrence: North Atlantic, from South Greenland Iceland and Newfoundland to Long Island (c. 41°N) in the west and to the British Isles in the east (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992), including the Reykjanes Ridge ( Dilman 2006) south to the Azores ( Perrier 1896a); the subspecies C. granularis trispinosus H.L. Clark, 1923 is known only from SW of Vasco da Gama Peak ( South Africa; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992).

Depth: 40– 2,185 m ( Dilman 2006); AZO : 1,384 m ( Perrier 1896a).

Habitat: soft to hard substrates, from mud, sand, gravel and stone ( Koehler 1909, Sneli 1999).

Larval stage: the large yolky egg of this species could indicate that it may have direct development or a nonfeeding larval stage ( Mortensen 1927a).

Remarks: Ceramaster granularis is known from the Azores from a single record by Perrier (1896a) based on three specimens collected by Hirondelle (sta 213: 39°22’48”N, 31°25’16”W, 1,384 m) (see also remarks under C. grenadensis grenadensis ).