Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)

W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 279-348 : 297-298

Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) . Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:42.

TYPE LOCALITY: "America meridionali", fixed by Thomas (1911a: 136) to " Pernambuco " [ Brazil].

DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, S Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela; formerly in USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas).

STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered (from Mexico southward); IUCN - Vulnerable.

SYNONYMS: alba Fitzinger, 1869 ; antiqua Ameghino, 1889 ; arizonensis Goldman, 1932 ; boliviensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933 ; centralis Mearns, 1901; coxi Nelson and Goldman, 1933; fossilis Ameghino, 1889; goldmani Mearns, 1901; hernandesii Gray, 1858 ; jaguapara Liais, 1872; jaguar Link, 1795 ; jaguarete Liais, 1872; jaguatyrica Liais, 1872; madeirae Nelson and Goldman, 1933; major Fischer, 1830 ; mexianae Hagmann, 1908; milleri Nelson and Goldman, 1933; minor Fischer, 1830 ; nigra Erxleben, 1777 ; notialis Hollister, 1914; onssa Ihering, 1911; onza Brehm, 1876; palustris Ameghino, 1888 ; paraguensis Hollister, 1914 ; paulensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933; peruviana de Blainville, 1843; proplatensis Ameghino, 1904 ; ramsayi Miller, 1930; ucayalae Nelson and Goldman, 1933; veraecrucis Nelson and Goldman, 1933.

COMMENTS: Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1933) and Pocock (19396). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (19396), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvil (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Reviewed by Seymour (1989, Mammalian Species, 340).