Sinodromus fujianensis Yao & Liu, 2024

Wang, Zhong-jing, Yao, Yan-bin, Tang, Zi-ying, Li, Wen-hui, Liu, Ke-ke & Xu, Xiang, 2024, A new genus, Sinodromus gen. nov., with two new species and the first description of the female of Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 (Arachnida, Araneae, Philodromidae) from China, ZooKeys 1221, pp. 279-296 : 279-296

Sinodromus fujianensis Yao & Liu sp. nov.

Figs 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 B , 9 C – F Common name: 福建华逍遥蛛

Type material.

China: Fujian Province: Holotype • ♂: Fuzhou City, Cangshan District, Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , 26 ° 2 ' 21.12 " N, 119 ° 19 ' 56.66 " E, 24 February 2024, Y. Yao leg. (20240224, Phi- 5, ASM-JGSU) . Paratypes • 2 ♂, 2 ♀, the same data as the holotype • 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Fuzhou City, Yongtai County, Geling Town , Yangxi Village , Tianmen Mountain , 25 ° 49 ' 7.6 " N, 119 ° 1 ' 5.07 " E, 320 m a. s. l., 23 March 2024, Y. Yao, Q. Wu, and Z. Chen leg. (20240323, Phi- 5, ASM-JGSU) . Jiangxi Province • 1 ♀, Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Huang’ao Town , Jiebei Group , 26 ° 28 ' 40.8 " N, 114 ° 14 ' 16.8 " E, 297 m a. s. l., 6 April 2015, Z. Chen, G. Li, K. Liu, Z. Meng, Y. Zhao leg. (20150406, Phi- 5, ASM-JGSU) .

Diagnosis.

Males of the new species are easily distinguished from other philodromid spiders by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) the thumb-like retrolateral tibial apophysis with a membranous basal apophysis on the male palpal tibia, (2) the tegular apophysis with several ridges, and (3) the conductor with scale-like serrations (Figs 4 A – E , 5 A – M ). The female resembles that of Sinodromus perbrevis sp. nov. in having spermathecae with a short stalk and crescent-shaped fertilization ducts, but it can be separated by the triangular epigynal teeth (vs oval), the copulatory openings located at the mediolateral part of the epigyne (vs anterolateral), and the very short copulatory ducts (vs relatively long) (cf. Figs 6 A, B , 8 B , 7 C, D , 8 C ).

Description.

Male (holotype). Habitus as in Figs 3 A, B , 9 C, D . Total length 3.83. Carapace medially with dense yellowish-brown setae, laterally with dense white setae, 1.46 long, 1.30 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 3 A ): AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.03, PLE 0.07, AME – AME 0.14, AME – ALE 0.09, PME – PME 0.24, ALE – ALE 0.41, PME – PLE 0.22, PLE – PLE 0.68, ALE – PLE 0.23, AME – PME 0.11, AME – PLE 0.34. MOA 0.15 long, 0.22 front width, 0.30 back width. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth (proximal larger) and no retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 6.64 (1.91, 0.60, 1.68, 1.53, 0.92); II 8.32 (2.34, 0.82, 2.14, 1.97, 1.05); III 5.18 (1.63, 0.54, 1.22, 1.17, 0.62); IV 6.37 (2.12, 0.65, 1.29, 1.57, 0.74). Leg spination: I Pa: d 1, p 1, r 1; Ti: d 2, p 2, r 2, v 5; Mt: d 1, p 2, r 2, v 2; II Pa: v 1; Ti: d 2, p 2, r 2, v 5; Mt: d 1, p 1, r 2, v 1; III Pa: v 1; Ti: d 2, p 1, r 2, v 3; Mt: d 2, p 2, r 3, v 3; IV Fe: d 2; Pa: d 1; Ti: d 2, p 2, r 1; Mt: d 2, p 2, r 3. Abdomen (Fig. 3 A, B ) medially with dense yellow-brown setae, laterally with dense white setae, 2.47 long, 0.91 wide.

Coloration (Figs 3 A, B , 9 C, D ). Carapace yellow, with many black dots, laterally with broad yellowish stripes, posteriorly with two pairs of black spots. Chelicerae and endites yellow. Labium yellow, with brown spot posteriorly. Sternum shield-like, yellowish, with dense black dots. Legs with many black dots. Abdomen yellowish to yellow, dorsally with dense black dots, medially with broad yellow stripe, laterally with grey stripes; venter with many pairs of black spots bilaterally.

Palp (Figs 4 A – E , 5 A – M ). Tibia with two apophyses, the ventro-prolateral one short, slightly curved dorsally toward posterior part of tegulum, the retrolateral one finger-like, with a membranous basal apophysis. Cymbial process strongly protruding, approaching the base of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Sperm duct thin, curving back on itself, clearly visible from posterior to prolateral part. Tegular apophysis thick, horn-like, with a blunt basal apophysis. Conductor slightly sclerotized, longer than embolus, covers embolus, with many scaly serrations. Embolus short, hook-shaped, tapering to a point.

Female (paratype). Habitus as in Figs 3 C, D , 9 E, F . As in male, except as noted. Total length 5.00. Carapace: 1.50 long, 1.45 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 3 C ): AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.03, PLE 0.06, AME – AME 0.19, AME – ALE 0.11, PME – PME 0.29, ALE – ALE 0.48, PME – PLE 0.24, PLE – PLE 0.80, ALE – PLE 0.22, AME – PME 0.13, AME – PLE 0.36. MOA 0.16 long, 0.28 front width, 0.36 back width. Leg measurements: I 5.22 (1.46, 0.70, 1.31, 1.10, 0.65); II 6.38 (1.76, 0.83, 1.61, 1.39, 0.79); III 4.32 (1.33, 0.50, 1.02, 0.97, 0.50); IV 6.05 (1.97, 0.63, 1.47, 1.33, 0.65). Leg spination: I Fe: d 1; Ti: d 2, p 2, r 5, v 4; Mt: p 3, r 3, v 3; II Ti: d 2, p 3, r 3, v 3; Mt: p 3, r 3, v 2; III Ti: d 2, p 2, r 1, v 2; Mt: p 3, r 1, v 3; IV Pa: v 1; Ti: d 1, p 2, r 1, v 2; Mt: p 1, r 3, v 6. Abdomen 3.50 long, 1.41 wide.

Coloration (Figs 3 C, D , 9 E, F ). Paler than male. Carapace yellowish to yellow, with sparse black dots. Sternum laterally with many black dots. Legs yellowish white, with sparse dark spots. Abdomen with abundant silver spots and sparse black dots on surface.

Epigyne (Figs 6 A, B , 8 B ) slightly longer than wide. Epigynal teeth lamellar, subtriangular, located anterolaterally on epigyne. Atrium small, separated by median septum. Median septum narrow, anteriorly subtriangular. Copulatory openings directed posteriorly, located on the sides of the antero-lateral part of median septum, slightly covered by epigynal teeth. Glandular appendages located at the beginning part of copulatory ducts, directed anteriorly. Copulatory ducts slightly curved, slightly shorter than spermathecae. Spermathecae slightly separated, round, with a short stalk. Glandular mounds slightly protruding, truncate, located on anterolateral part of spermathecae, directed laterally. Fertilization ducts nearly as long as 1 / 2 of spermathecal width, directed antero-laterally.

Biology.

The coloration and habitus are the same as the grassland community from which they are collected and provides them with camouflage.

Distribution.

Known from the type locality in Fujian Province, as well as Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 10 ).

Etymology.

The specific name refers to the type locality.

Figures

Figure 3. Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., habitus A male holotype, dorsal view B same, ventral view C female paratype, dorsal view D same, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 4. Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., male palp A holotype, prolateral view, slightly ventral B same, ventral view C same, ventro-retrolateral view D paratype, detail of palpal tegulum, posterior view E same, ventral view, slightly frontal. Abbreviations: Con – conductor, CP – cymbial process, Em – embolus, RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD – sperm duct, TA – tegular apophysis, VTA – ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A – C); 0.05 mm (D, E).

Figure 5. SEMs of Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., male palp of paratypes A left palp, ventral view B same, detail of ventro-prolateral and retrolateral tibial apophyses, ventral view C same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view D detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis and cymbial process, retrolateral view E right palp, detail of tibial apophyses, prolateral view F same, tegulum, ventral view G same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view H same, detail of conductor, ventral view I same, detail of anterior tegulum, retrolatero-ventral view J same, detail of anterior tegulum, ventral view, slightly frontal K same, detail of tegular apophysis and embolic tip after removing part of conductor, ventral view, slightly frontal L same, detail of conductor, ventral view M same, detail of embolus, ventral view. Abbreviations: Con – conductor, CP – cymbial process Em – embolus, RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA – tegular apophysis, VTA – ventro-prolateral tibial apophysis.

Figure 6. Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., female epigyne of paratype A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: At – atrium, CD – copulatory duct, CO – copulatory opening, ET – epigynal tooth, FD – fertilization duct, GA – glandular appendage, GM – glandular mound, MS – median septum, Spe – spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 7. Sinodromus perbrevis sp. nov., female holotype A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – copulatory duct, ET – epigynal tooth, FD – fertilization duct, GA – glandular appendage, GM – glandular mound, MS – median septum, Spe – spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D).

Figure 8. SEM pictures of epigynes, ventral view A Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 B Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov. C S. perbrevis sp. nov .. Abbreviations: At – atrium, CO – copulatory opening, ET – epigynal tooth, MS – median septum.

Figure 9. A, B living specimen of Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 C, D Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov., male E, F S. fujianensis, female.

Figure 10. Distributional records of Philodromus guiyang Long & Yu, 2022 (black circles), Sinodromus fujianensis sp. nov. (green triangles) and S. perbrevis sp. nov. (red stars) from China.