Baetis (Baetis) cypronyx, Godunko, Roman J., Soldan, Tomas & Staniczek, Arnold H., 2017

Godunko, Roman J., Soldan, Tomas & Staniczek, Arnold H., 2017, Baetis (Baetis) cypronyx sp. n., a new species of the Baetisalpinus species-group (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Cyprus, with annotated checklist of Baetidae in the Mediterranean islands, ZooKeys 644, pp. 1-32 : 3-11

Baetis (Baetis) cypronyx sp. n. Figs 1-2, 3-4, 5, 6-8, 9-12, 13-14, 15, 16-18, 19-22, 23-24

Type material.

Holotype: mature larva, CYPRUS, Limassol [Lemesos; Λεμεσός] District, Troodos [Τρόοδος] Mts., Kryos River [Κρύος ποταμός], Kalidonia Waterfalls, app. 1250 m a.s.l., N34 53.561 E32 52.043, 22.v.2004, leg. T. Soldán.

Paratypes: 75 larvae, the same date and place as holotype; 14 larvae, CYPRUS, Limassol [Lemesos; Λεμεσός] District, Troodos [Τρόοδος] Mts., Diplos River [Διπλός ποταμός], Chantara [Xantara] Waterfalls, near Trooditissa [Μοναστήρι Τροοδίτισσας] Monastery, app. 1300 m a.s.l., N34 54.429 E32 50.303, 23.v.2004, leg. T. Soldán;

4 larvae, ibid., Paphos District [ Επαρχία πάφου], Gialia River [Γιαλιά], in the forest “Pochalantra”, app. 5 km upstream from Gialia [Γιαλιά] village, app. 400-410 m a.s.l., N35 04.364 E32 33.575, 12.xi.2005, leg. A. Buffagni;

10 larvae, United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, Nicosia District [ Επαρχία Λευκωσίας], upstream of Kargotis River [Καρκώτη], vicinity of Kakopetriya [Κακοπετριά] village, Mitro place, app. 150-200 m a.s.l., N34 59.012 E32 54.000, 22.iii.2006, leg. A. Buffagni;

2 larvae, ibid., Agios Nikolaos Lefkas [ Άγιος Νικόλαος Λεύκας] village (abandoned), app. 100-120 m a.s.l., N35 5.280 E32 53.500, 24.iii.2006, leg. A. Buffagni.

Comparative material.

Baetis baroukianus Thomas & Dia, 1984: 1 male and 1 female mature larvae, LEBANON, Chouf District, type locality of Baetis baroukianus , branch of Salam ( Râs el Mâ) spring near Harêt Jandal Municipality, app. 800 m a.s.l., 25.vii.1979, leg. Dia A. (see Thomas and Dia 1984: 10).

28 larvae (10 males, 18 females), IRAN [new record], Elburz Mts., Gilan Province, Rudbar County, Central District, unnamed brook in Divresh village, right tributary of Siah Rud River (SE upstream of Shirkooh village), app. 285 m a.s.l., N36 53.59 E49 35.06, 13.v.2016, leg. Bojková J., Soldán T. & J. Imanpour Namin, det. Sroka P.

2 larvae (1 male, 1 female), ibid, Fuman County, Sardar-e Jangal District, unnamed brook below of Masuleh City (right tributary of Rudkhan River), app. 710 m a.s.l., N37 09.42 E49 01.17, 22.v.2016, leg. Bojková J., Soldán T. & J. Imanpour Namin, det. Sroka P.

3 larvae (1 male, 2 females), ibid, Rudbar County, Central District, unnamed brook, left tributary of Sefīd-Rūd River, below Rostamabad City, app. 155 m a.s.l., N37 09.47 E49 00.17, 22.v.2016, leg. Bojková J., Soldán T. & J. Imanpour Namin, det. Sroka P.

Baetis melanonyx (Pictet, 1843): 30 larvae (7 larvae mounted with Liquide de Faure), Czech Republic, Ústí nad Labem district, Elbe river-basin, Divoká Orlice River, Líšnice village, 432 m a.s.l., 2.vii.1972, leg. T. Soldán (for details see Soldán 1978); 24 larvae (8 larvae mounted with Euparal), Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Boll, vor Tannegger Wasserfall, Wutach River, 623 m a.s.l., 03.vi.2008, leg. B. Frey. For other comparative material of Baetis melanonyx see Godunko (1999).

Diagnosis.

Baetis cypronyx sp. n. differs from all other representatives of the Baetis alpinus species-group by the following combination of larval characters (see Table 1): (i) labrum of distinctly oblong shape, nearly rectangular (Fig. 6 a–c), (іі) outer mandibular incisor group distinctly fused, narrow and triangular (Fig. 8); (iii) segment 2 of maxillary palps usually with single seta, exceptionally with two stout apical setae (Figs 11 a–c, 19); (vi) paraglossae with two irregular rows of long, stout bristles apically (Fig. 9); (v) segment 3 of labial palps not elongated, nearly symmetrical and evenly rounded (Fig. 12 a–c); (vi) sternal protuberances on meso- and metathorax pointed apically; (vii) outer margin of femora with 2-3 rows of long, apically obtuse to bluntly pointed bristles proximally and centrally (Figs 13, 20, 21); (viii) irregular row of small submarginal spines on abdominal terga III–VIII (IX) (Fig. 22); (ix) surface of abdominal terga with few scales in sockets, scales triangular to tongue-shaped, not elongated, mostly lacking on tergum X (Figs 23, 24); (x) paraproct plate with bluntly pointed stout setae near to inner margin (Figs 16, 17); (xi) paracercus strongly reduced, 2-16 segmented (Fig. 24).

Description.

Mature larva: female body length: 7.5−8.0 mm, length of cerci: 9.0−11.5 mm; male body length: 6.0−8.0 mm; length of cerci: 7.0−10.0 mm; paracercus vestigial or strongly reduced.

Cuticular coloration (Figs 1-5). Due to ten to twelve years of material storage in ethanol, the herein described colour pattern might be slightly paler compared to fresh material.

General colour yellowish brown to brown. Head light brown with paler genae; clypeus light brown; frons with several small, isolated brown spots. Antennae light brown, flagellum paler than scape and pedicel.

Pronotum yellowish brown with two pairs of oblique brownish bands; mesonotum yellowish brown to brown, with longitudinal brown bands centrally, and several spots of the same colour centrally and laterally; metanotum brown with darker smudge centrally (Figs 1, 4). Lateral sides of thorax with brown pleurites (Fig. 2). Ventral side of thorax paler than dorsal side; sterna yellowish (Fig. 3). Legs pale. Femora yellowish brown with two darker, usually isolated longitudinal spots along outer margin; tibia light brown; base and apex of tarsi brown, darker than middle part; tarsal claw brown (Figs 2, 3).

Abdominal terga (Figs 1, 4) yellowish brown to brown; terga I–III (IV) and VI–VIII darker. Terga I–III (IV) brownish centrally, with broad pale area laterally; median brown spot on terga III and IV occasionally divided into two longitudinal spots; all terga with more or less well visible brownish band along anterior margin of segment; a pair of diffuse brownish maculae near posterior margin of terga V–VIII; a pair of brownish paramedian dots on terga II–X, terga III–VI occasionally with additional oblique streaks fused with paramedian dots and forming a diffuse brownish U-shaped pattern in anterior half of segment. Abdominal sterna with a pair of sublateral elongated spots. Cerci yellowish brown to brown, 3-5 first segments slightly darker.

Hypodermal coloration. Hypoderm without contrasting markings.

Head. Surface of clypeus and frons covered with solitary FT, B, and Hr setae. Larval turbinate eyes brown to intensively brown apically. Antennae slightly longer than 1/2 of body length. Scape and pedicel with solitary FT and Hr, and more abundant B setae only, without any particular cuticular ornamentation (e.g. corrugation/chagrin; see Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012), which is present in some representatives of the Baetis alpinus species-group and in the closely related Baetis lutheri and Baetis pavidus species-groups.

Mouthparts. Labrum (Figs 6 a–c) distinctly wider than long, nearly rectangular, with width/length ratio 1.80-1.88; dorsal surface with 1 + 11-18 long submarginal setae, arranged in a single irregular row (occasionally 1-4 bristles form an additional weekly defined row); 6-8 smaller setae laterally on both margins; dorsal surface of labrum covered with sparsely arranged B and only a few FT setae grouped mainly posterolaterally; ventral side with 2-5 small pointed setae anterolaterally. Median incurvation of middle part of anterior margin of labrum clearly shallow and wide.

Outer mandibular incisor group narrow and triangular, distinctly fused; inner incisor group not prominent, with 3-4 small teeth (of which most distal tooth is the biggest), both groups separated by a shallow incision. Right and left prostheca of same size, nearly symmetrical, with 8-10 apical teeth (Fig. 8).

Maxillary palp two-segmented; segment 1 shorter than second segment; segment 2 asymmetrical apically, with pronounced tip (conical protuberance), and one dis tinct, stout seta; one additional stout seta occasionally near apex of segment 2; surface of both segments with B setae [uniporous sensillum basiconicum sensu Gaino and Rebora (2003: 449, figs 19−21)] which are clearly dense on distal part of segment 2 (Figs 11 a–c, 19).

Hypopharynx relatively slender, anterior side laterodistally covered with fine, elongated setae along outer margins of lingua and superlinguae, lingua with prominent central lobe, superlinguae with marked hump (Fig. 7).

Labium with relatively slender glossae, slightly shorter than paraglossae (Figs 9, 10); glossae each with 8-10 stout bristles on inner margin, and 3-5 bristles on outer margin; 5-7 pairs of long, stout bristles form two irregular rows on tip of paraglossae; additionally 5-10 long bristles along outer margin and 3-5 medium sized setae on ventral side of paraglossae. Segment 2 of labial palp 1.30-1.42 longer than segment 3, covered only with sparse B and Hr setae; segment 3 not elongated, nearly symmetrical and evenly rounded, only slightly broader than long (width/length ratio 1.03-1.07); surface of segment 3 with 18-25 slender, pointed, stout setae [long and short hairs sensu Gaino and Rebora (2003)], and long Hr setae; quotient q changes from 0.76 to 0.88 (see Sroka et al. 2012, 29, 31: fig. 2) (Fig. 12 a–c).

Thorax. Surface of pronotum with few FT and Hr setae only. Sternal protuberances on meso- and metathorax well visible, pointed apically, yellowish brown to brown.

Outer margin of femora with 2-3 rows of long bristles with obtuse to bluntly pointed tips proximally and centrally (Figs 13, 20, 21), and one row of shorter and stouter obtuse bristles distally; central part of outer margin of femora occasionally with long bristles arranged in 1-2 rows. Long marginal bristles alternating with submarginal STSm-bp setae and elongated Hr setae. Inner margin with 2-6 STSs-bp setae near to proximal end. Surface of femora with STSs-bp and STSs-ov setae and tiny setae [Hr and more abundant FT setae]. Outer and inner margins of tibiae with STSm-p and STSm-bp setae and short Hr setae; surface of tibia with STSs-bp to nearly STSs-ov setae; a group of long Hr setae near distal end of outer margin of tibia. Tarsi with 6-10 middle to elongated STS-p setae along the inner margin, and several STSm-p and/or STSm-bp setae on outer margin; both margins of tarsi covered with tiny Hr setae; surface of tarsi with a few FT and more abundant Hr setae, and small STS-bp setae. Tarsal claws not elongated, moderately hooked; with 10-11 teeth arranged in single row and two subapical tiny Hr setae (Figs 13, 14).

Abdomen. Posterior margin of terga with broad triangular spines of different size, bluntly pointed or occasionally pointed apically; broader spines along posterior margin of terga III–VIII; spines alternating with 1-3 tiny B and a single Hr setae. Irregular row of smaller submarginal spines on terga III–VIII (IX) (Fig. 22). Surface of terga with few, not elongated, tongue-shaped [SC-tg] to triangular [SC-it; bluntly pointed to rounded apically] scales, and their few sockets (mainly lacking on tergum X), concentrated on central part of segment (Figs 23, 24); solitary Hr and more abundant FT setae stretched over the whole surface of terga I–X. Posterior margin and surface of sterna without spines, stout setae or scales, with B and Hr setae only.

Paraproct plate as in Figs 16-18. Inner margin of paraproct with 8-12 spines of different size along apical half, alternating with tiny setae [solitary FT and more abundant B setae], and 2-8 (mainly 4-7) submarginal STSm-bp setae (Figs 16, 17); a single row of relatively small and stout spines along inner margin of cercotractor (for definition of cercotractor see Kluge 2004) (Fig. 18). Surface of paraproct covered with sparse FT, B and Hr setae and their bases only.

Tracheal gills whitish yellow to light brown, not elongated, broadly rounded apically (Fig. 15, I–VII); gills I and VII nearly symmetrical; gills II–VI asymmetrical; serrated margins of gills more or less well marked, with tiny Hr setae inserting in small, articulated bases; tracheation poorly visible.

Cerci as long as 1.20-1.32 of body length. Paracercus reduced to 2-16 segments (Fig. 24). Posterior margin of cercal and paracercal segments with row of broad, triangular spines, and uneven submarginal row of smaller spines. Length of paracercus of mature larvae apparently variable in different populations, as well as in specimens within each population. Paracercus in larvae from Cryos River (type locality) vestigial (evidently shorter than abdominal tergum X, consisting of approximately up to 5-7 segments, some segments at least partially fused, Fig. 1); paracercus in paratype larvae from Diplos River strongly reduced (but evidently longer than abdominal tergum X), only consisting of about 10 or more apparently separated or distinguishable segments; Fig. 4).

Male and female adults.

Unknown.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is a combination of the name of Cyprus, where the new species was found, and the specific epithet of the closely related species Baetis melanonyx .