Psiloderces Simon, 1892

Wang, Chunxia & Li, Shuqiang, 2013, Four new species of the subfamily Psilodercinae (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Southwest China, Zootaxa 3718 (1), pp. 39-57 : 49-57

Genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892

Type species. Psiloderces egeria Simon, 1892

Diagnosis. The retromargin of chelicerae teethless; male palp tibia without lateral protrusions, male palp bulb with embolus, with or without conductor, if both present, not separated at the base; female genital organ with 1 or 2 pair of spermathecae.

Psiloderces exilis sp. nov. Figs 9–12 , 15

Type material. Holotype: male (IZCAS), Yinhe Cave [22º32.939'N, 107º79.210'E, altitude 154 meters], Ziyao Village, Fuwei County, Chongzuo, Guangxi, China, 13 July 2011, X. Wang leg. Paratypes: 1 male and 2 females, same data as holotype.

Etymology. This specific name comes from the Latin word “ exilis ” which means “slender”, referring to the slender embolus of the male; adjective.

Diagnosis. This new species is similar to P. vallicola Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 in the male palp with bulb of same length of tarsus, provieded with conductor, and the female with 2 pairs of spermathecae, but can be distinguished by the leading edge of prosoma, the region behind eyes decorated with numberous long hairs ( Fig. 9 A), and the spindly embolus, ratio embolus/conductor more than 3 (ratio 1: 1 in P. vallicola ) ( Figs 9 B–D, 11A–B, 12B) in the male.

Description. Male (holotype). Prosoma, suborbicular, yellow, decorated with numberous long hairs on the leading edge, and the region behind eyes. Eyes six. Chelicera ( Fig. 12 A) brown, promargin with lamina and one small teeth, and the posterior surface of fang provided with 14 small denticles. Sternum brown. Legs yellow. Male palp ( Figs 9 B–D, 11A–B, 12B): femur, patellar, tibia and tarsus with numerous long, strong spines, bulb pale yellow, with two protrusion apically, conductor dark, hook-like, embolus slender. Opisthosoma yellowish, ovoid. Leg formula: I–IV–II–III. Measurements: total length 1.75 ( Fig. 9 A), prosoma 0.87 long, 0.87 wide, opisthosoma 1.10 long, 0.60 wide, clypeus 0.37 high; palp 1.07 (0.45, 0.13, 0.29, -, 0.20), bulb 0.16 long; legs I 12.70 (3.50, 0.30, 3.75, 3.40, 1.75), II 9.85 (3.00, 0.30, 3.25, 2.10, 1.20), III 8.20 (2.50, 0.30, 2.50, 2.00, 0.90), IV 11.55 (3.25, 0.30, 3.50, 3.00, 1.50).

Female (one of the paratypes). Similar to male in coloration and general features. Genital area ( Fig. 12 C) simple, only with numerous setae on epigynal plate. Internal genitalia ( Figs 10 C, 12D) with two pairs of spermatheca. Leg formula: I–IV–II–III. Measurements: total length 1.75 ( Fig. 10 A–B), prosoma 0.75 long, 0.87 wide, opisthosoma 1.00 long, 0.62 wide; palp 1.20 (0.50, 0.10, 0.25, -, 0.35). legs I 9.40 (2.70, 0.25, 2.70, 2.50, 1.25), II 7.95 (2.25, 0.25, 2.25, 2.00, 1.20), III 6.28 (1.75, 0.25, 1.78, 1.50, 1.00), IV 8.75 (2.30, 0.25, 2.75, 2.25, 1.20).

Habitat. The spiders were found hanging upside down in fine sheet-webs among detritus in a cave. Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 15 ).

Psiloderces incomptus sp. nov. Figs 13–15

Type material. Holotype: male (IZCAS), Sanxian Cave [24º13.929'N, 098º25.563'E, altitude 1636 meters], Luxi City, Dehong, Yunnan, China, 3 July 2009, C. Wang, Q. Zhao & L. Lin leg. Paratypes: 7 males, same data as holotype.

Etymology. This specific name comes from Latin word “ incomptus ” which means “unadorned”, referring to the simple male palpal bulb; adjective.

Diagnosis. This new species is similar to P. coronatus Deeleman-Reinhold 1995 , and P. limosa Deeleman- Reinhold, 1995 in the shape of male genital organs, but can be distinguished from P. coronatus and P. limosa by the distal part of embolus spatulated (spiculate in the P. coronatus and P. limosa ) ( Figs 13 B, 14C), from P. limosa by the shorter apical part of the male palpal tarsus ( Figs 13 A–B, 14A–B).

Description. Male (holotype). Prosoma suborbicular, pale yellow, with dark lines radiating from the fovea and some hairs around the ocular region. Clypeus with a horn-shaped protrusion on middle area, the protrusion decorated with two strong macrosetae apically, and several long hairs peripheral. Eyes six. Chelicerae ( Fig. 14 D) yellow, promargin with labium and two small teeth. Labium, endites, sternum and legs yellow. Opisthosoma oval, yellow. Male palp ( Figs 13 A–C, 14A–C): tibia with two trichobothria dorsally; bulb pale yellow, ovate-oblong, conductor disappeared, embolus spatulated, sclerotized, inserted apically on the bulb. Leg formula: I–IV–II–III. Measurements: total length 1.75 ( Fig. 13 D), prosoma 0.75 long, 0.65 wide; opisthosoma 1.00 long, 0.63 wide, clypeus 0.25 length; palp 0.91 (0.37, 0.14, 0.25, -, 0.15), bulb 0.27 long; legs I 9.70 (2.75, 0.25, 3.00, 2.50, 1.20); II 7.00 (2.00, 0.25, 2.00, 1.75, 1.00); III 6.35 (1.75, 0.25, 1.75, 1.80, 0.80); IV 7.45 (2.00, 0.25, 2.40, 1.80, 1.00).

Female. Unknown.

Variation. Total length: males 1.71–1.78; tibia I 0.27–0.32 (n = 8).

Habitat. The spiders were found hanging upside down in fine sheet-webs among detritus in a cave.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 15 ).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Psiloderces exilis sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Palpal bulb, prolateral view; C. Palp, prolateral view; D. Palp, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 10. Psiloderces exilis sp. nov., paratype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Female genitalia, dorsal view.

FIGURE 11. Psiloderces exilis sp. nov., holotype male. A. Palp, prolateral view; C. Palp, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 12. Psiloderces exilis sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female. A. Male chelicerae; B. Male palpal bulb, prolateral view; C. Female genitalia, ventral view; D. Female genitalia, dorsal view.

FIGURE 13. Psiloderces incomptus sp. nov., holotype male. A. Palp, prolateral view; B. Palpal bulb, apical view; C. Palp, retrolateral view; D. Habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 14. Psiloderces incomptus sp. nov., holotype male. A. Palp, prolateral view; B. Palp, retrolateral view; C. Palpal bulb, apical view; D. Chelicera, posterior view. Scale bars: A, B, D 0.10 mm; C 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 15. Locality records for four new species of the subfamily Psilodercinae from Southwest China.