Ipomoea nil

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

236. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 36. 1797. (Roth 1797: 36)

Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 219. 1762. (Linnaeus 1762: 219). Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 96, t. 80, f. 91 (1732), designated by Verdcourt (1957b: 232-233).

Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys., Genève 6: 439 [57]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 439[57]).

Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 154. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 154), non Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (1787) . Type. Herb. Burser XVII: 6 (UPS), designated by Staples and Jarvis (2006: 1020).

Convolvulus hederaceus var. zeta L. Sp. Pl. 154. 1753. Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 96, t. 80., f. 91 (lectotype designated by Shinners 1965).

Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt-Arab. 44. 1775. (Forsskal 1775: 44). Type. YEMEN. Hadie, [Hadiyah], P. Forsskal s.n. (holotype C10002425).

Pharbitis forskoelii G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 263. 1838. (Don 1838: 263). Type. Based on Ipomoea scabra Forssk.

Convolvulus dillenii Desr. , Encycl. 3: 544. 1789 [pub. 1792]. (Desrousseaux 1792 544). Type. Based on icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 97, t. 81, f. 93 (1732).

Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 227. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 227).

Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 343. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 343). Type. Based on Convolvulus dillenii Desr.

Ipomoea bicolor Lam. , Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465. 1793. (Lamarck 1793: 465). Type. SOUTH AFRICA. Cape of Good Hope, P. Sonnerat (holotype P-LAM00357501).

Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. 2: 11. 1799. (Ruiz and Pavón 1799: 11). Type. PERU. Ruiz & Pavón, sine data (lectotype MA817964, designated here).

Convolvulus peruvianus Syst. Veg. 1: 593. 1824 [pub. 1825]. (Sprengel 1824: 593). Type. Based on Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav.

Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) , D. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 270. 1838. (Don 1838: 270).

Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 227, (Meisner 1869: 227), nom. illeg. superfl. for I. cuspidata .

Convolvuloides triloba Moench , Methodus 452. 1794 (Moench 1794: 452), nom. rej.

Ipomoea caerulea Ker-Gawl. , Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276. 1818. (Ker-Gawler 1818b 4: t. 276). Type. Icon, t. 276 in Bot. Reg. (1818), lectotype, designated here.

Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. , ed. 2, 2: 90. 1824. (Roxburgh 1824: 90). Type. INDIA. Lectotype Roxburgh Icon no. 1951 (K), designated here.

Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia C.B. Clarke , Fl. Brit. India 4: 200. 1883. (Clarke 1883: 200). Type. Based on Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb.

Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 343. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 343). Type. Based on Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb.

Ipomoea caerulea J. Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. , ed. 2, 2: 91. 1824. Type. INDIA. (lectotype Koenig s.n. BM001209637, designated here).

Pharbitis caerulea (J. Koenig ex Roxb.) Wall. ex O'Shaugnessy , Beng. Disp. 505. 1842. ( O’Shaungnessy 1842: 505)

Ipomoea setosa Blume , Bijdr. Fl. Ind. Ned. 714. 1825. (Blume 1825-26: 714), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea setosa Ker-Gawl. (1818e) . Type. INDONESIA. Java, in scrub in the mountains, (possible type L0931182).

Ipomoea nil var. setosa (Blume) Boerl. , Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511.1899. (Boerlage 1899: 511).

Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud. , Nomencl. Bot. 1: 819. 1840. (Steudel 1840: 819), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea trichocalyx G. Don (1838) . Type. Based on Ipomoea setosa Blume

Convolvulus tomentosus Vellozo , Fl. Flumin. 74. 1825 [pub. 1827]. (Vellozo 1829: 74). Type. BRAZIL. (lectotype, original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the manuscript section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198651-065], designated here; later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flum. Icon. 2: t. 65 1827. [pub. 1831], the published plate designated as lectotype by Austin 1986: 356).

Pharbitis purshii G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 263. 1838. (Don 1838: 263). Type. Various types cited.

Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 343. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 343).Type. MEXICO (G, not found).

Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 227. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 227). Type. Based on Pharbitis speciosa Choisy

Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. 5: 33. (Lindley 1850a: 33). Type. Cultivated plant grown with seed from Java.

Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 5720. 1868. (Hooker, JD 1868: t.5720). Type. Based on Pharbitis limbata Lindl. , but wrongly referred to as Ipomoea albomarginata in the text.

Ipomoea githaginea A. Rich. , Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65. 1851. (Richard 1851: 65). Type. ETHIOPIA. R. Takkaze, Schimper 784 (isotype K).

Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B. Clarke , Fl. Brit. India 4: 200. 1883. (Clarke 1883: 200). Type. INDIA. Sikkim, Lingcham, C.B. Clarke 25486 (syntype K001081728).

Ipomoea vaniotiana H. Levl. , Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453. 1911. ( Léveillé 1911: 453). Type. CHINA. Hong Kong, bois des Douglas, E. Bodinier 1465 (holotype E, not found).

Ipomoea hederacea auct. mult., non Jacq.

Type.

Based on Convolvulus nil L.

Description.

Trailing or twining herb, stems roughly pilose. Leaves petiolate, 3-12 × 3-14 cm, 3-lobed, the lobes typically ovate, abruptly narrowed to an acute or very shortly acuminate apex, base cordate, thinly to densely pubescent on both surfaces, paler beneath; petioles 1.5-7 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate axillary compact cymes, sometimes reduced to 1-2 flowers; peduncles 0.5-18 cm, usually pilose; bracteoles 3-7 mm, filiform, relatively persistent; secondary peduncles 3-8 mm; pedicels 3-10 mm; sepals 15-32 mm, lanceolate tapering into a long linear point, densely pilose with bulbous-based hairs, especially near the base; corolla 3.5-4.5 cm long, funnel-shaped, glabrous, tube white, limb blue, drying pink, 3-4 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules 7-10 × 6 mm, subglobose, glabrous, style slender, persistent; seeds puberulent.

Illustration.

Figure 5D; O 'Donell (1959b: 199); Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 172); Bosser and Heine (2000: 49); Deroin (2001: 221).

Distribution.

A pantropical weed of disturbed bushy places often near settlements. It is essentially a lowland species usually found below about 1000 m, although it is occasionally found growing to at least 2000 m. Although generally common, records are sparse from some areas, the northern Andes for example, and its presence is by no means universal.

ARGENTINA. Catamarca: A. Hunzinker 18763 (CORD). Chaco: A.G. Schulz 7485 (MO). Córdoba: A. Krapovickas & R. Vanni 41269 (CTES, K); P. Lorentz 63 (BM). Corrientes: T.M. Petersen 9670 (C, NY, S). Formosa: P. Jorgensen 3368 (MO). La Rioja: A.T. Hunziker & J. A. Caro 13510 (CORD). Misiones: M. Múlgura de Romero 2933 (CTES, MO, SI). Santiago del Estero: S. Venturi 10281 (BM, LIL, MO). Tucumán: S. Venturi 10437 (BM, LIL, MO).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: Tatí Yupí, Itaipu Binacional 56 (PY). Caazapá: Tapyta, M. Vera et al. 251 (BM, CTES, FCQ, MO). Boquerón: Pirizal, L. Britos 15 (FCQ). Canindeyú: Ygatimi, M. Vera et al. 964 (FCQ). Central: Luque, L. Pérez et al. 64 (MO, PY). Cordillera: Caacupé, E. Lurvey 334 (PY). Guairá: Villarica-Paraguarí, J. de Egea et al. 1318 (FCQ). Itapúa: Alto Vera, F. Mereles 9809 (FCQ). Paraguarí: Cerro Palacios, E. Zardini 4612 (FCQ, MO). Presidente Hayes: Est. 11 de junio, J. de Egea et al. 946 (BM, FCQ). San Pedro: A.L. Woolston 656 (K, S); Jorgensen 4036 (S); Cruce Liberación, J. de Egea et al. 1260 (FCQ).

BRAZIL. Alagoas: M.N. Rodrigues 1163 (RB). Amazonas: E. Ule 8283 (NY). Bahia: R.M. Harley et al. 21812 (K, NY). Ceará: J.P. Souza et al. 11124 (RB). Dist. Fed.: H.S. Irwin 12184 (NY). Espirito Santo: R.C. Forzza 5550 (RB). Mato Grosso: Malme s.n. [22 April 1903] (S); D. Philcox & A. Ferreira 4201 (K, NY). Mato Grosso do Sul: S. Moore 848 (BM, NY). Minas Gerais: G. Davidse et al. 11423 (MO, NY). Pará: R. Spruce s.n. (BM, NY). Paraíba: M.F. Agra 748 (RB). Paraná: A. Moreira s.n. (RB). Pernambuco: A.M. Miranda 3449 (RB). Rio de Janeiro: G. Gardner 79 (BM). Rondônia: L. Texeira 517 (MO, NY, RB). Santa Catarina: P. João 183 (RB). São Paulo: H. Filho 65 (RB).

FRENCH GUIANA. R. Benoist fide Lemée (1952).

SURINAM. Berthould-Coulon 510 (BM); O. Poncy 1188 (P).

GUYANA. K.R. Robertson & D.F. Austin 304 (MO).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Ballivián, Reyes, M. Cardenas 5389 (LIL). Chuquisaca: Oropeza, Río Chico, J.R.I. Wood 9604 (K, LPB); Zudañez, Pasorapa-Mojocollo, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27725 (K, LPB, USZ). La Paz: Larecaja, Tipuani, O. Buchtien 605 (BM, GH, K, LIL, NY, MO, US); Murillo, M. Bang 534 (BM, F, GH, K, MICH, MO, NY, US); Sud Yungas, S.G. Beck 32840 (K, LPB). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, Candelaria, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27833 (K, LPB, OXF, USZ); Santiesteban, M. Nee 47090 (MO, NY, USZ); Vallegrande, L. Arroyo et al. 5165 (MO, USZ). Tarija: O’Connor, Entre Ríos, M. Dematteis et al. 3434 (CTES, K).

PERU. Cajamarca: A. Gentry et al. 22701 (USM). Cusco: G. Calatayud et al. 1455 (CUS, MO); Convención, C. Vargas 3304 (CUZ). Huánuco: R. Ferreyra 6731 (USM). Ica: A. Cano et al. 5853 (USM). Lambayeque: R. Ferreyra 12399 (MO). Lima: T.H. Goodspeed 11336 (UC, K); Chancay, R. Ferreyra 14138 (USM). Loreto: M. Rimachi 11631 (IBE, MO). Piura: R. Ferreyra 5921 (MO, USM). San Martín: G. Klug 4229 (BM, K, S). Tumbes: R. Ferreyra 5667 (MO).

ECUADOR. Galápagos: H. Schimpff 21 (BM, MO); Fagerlind & Wibom 2806 (S). Guayas: J.E. Madsen 63008 (AAU, MO). Loja: G. Harling & L. Andersson 13335 (MO). Los Ríos: C. Jativa & C. Epling 183 (MO, NY, S, US). Manabí: C.E. Cerón 18743 (ARIZ, MO). Pichincha: Alluriquin, G. Harling & L. Andersson (QCA).

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: L. Uribe 2537 (COL). Bolívar: Cartagena, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 14034 (BM, NY, S). Cesar: Poponte, C. Allen 838 (MO). Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1572 (BM, K, NY, S). Nariño: Pasto, J. Triana 3808 (BM). Norte de Santander: Ocaña, J. Linden 210 (BM); Valle: W.A. Barklay 17C926 (COL).

VENEZUELA. Aragua: Tovar, A. Fendler 936 (K). Bolívar: F. Delascio & R. Liesner 6857 (MO). Dist. Fed.: Caracas, A.H.G. Alston 5442 (BM, S). Falcón: R. Liesner et al. 7608 (MO). Guárico: G. Davidse 4219 (MO). Maracaibo: Moritz 1238 (BM, K). Miranda: P.E. Berry 1121 (MO); J. Steyermark 104042 (MO, S). Portuguesa: J.A. Steyermark 126916 (MO). Sucre: J. Steyermark 96083 (MO).

PANAMA. Río La Olla (Cabra), R. Cambra 46 (BM, UNAP).

COSTA RICA. San José, El General, A. Skutch 2876 (K, S), ibid., 4003 (K, S); Puntarenas, M. Grayum & B, Hammel 9563 (BM); Nicoya, A. Tonduz 13687 (BM); Río Ceibo, H. Pittier 6628 (BM).

NICARAGUA. Carretera a Matagalpa, A. Molina 22862 (BM, F); Managua, W.D. Stevens et al. 3943 (BM, MO).

EL SALVADOR. R. Aparicio & R. Hernández 74 (MO, LAGU).

HONDURAS. Río Yeguare, A. Molina 720 (BM).

BELIZE. P.H. Gentle 841 (MO).

GUATEMALA. Petén, P.N. Tikal, R. Tun Ortíz 352 (BM, S); Sacatepéquez, M. Véliz 99.7358 (BM).

MEXICO. Baja California Sur: J.L. León 2199 (MEXU). Campeche: Kalkini-El Remate, M. Peña-Chocarro et al. 589 (BM). Chiapas: D. Breedlove 28567 (MEXU, MO). Chihuahua: Guasaremos, Río Mayo, H.S. Gentry 2409 (S). Colima: A.C. Sanders et al. 11356 (MEXU). Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Temascaltepec, G.B. Hinton 2004 (BM, K). Guerrero: Temisco, Y. Mexia 8713 (S); Pungarabato, Coyuca, G.B. Hinton et al. 6641 (BM). Jalisco: S.H. Bullock 1451 (MO). Michoacán: Tacupa, Huetamo, G.B. Hinton 5512 (BM, K). Nayarit: G. Flores 1052 (MEXU, MO). Nuevo León: C. Pringle 13276 (MO). Oaxaca: Pinotepa, H. Galeotti (BR, BM). Querétaro: E. Carranza & H. Diáz 4728 (IEB, MEXU). Quintana Roo: F.C. Cabrera 16962 (MEXU). Sinaloa: El potrerillo, J.G. Ortega 5923 (MEXU). Sonora: H.S. Gentry 1683 (MO, MEXU). Tamaulipas: R. Wunderlin et al. 1178 (MO); M.C. Johnston 5814 (MEXU). Veracruz: T. Croat 44027 (MEXU, MO). Yucatán: G.F. Gaumer 1380 (S), Chichankanab, G.F. Gaumer 2055 (BM, K).

UNITED STATES. Florida: A.H. Curtiss 5281, G.V. Nash 2482 (K). Missouri: P. Raven 27688 (BM). North Carolina: L. Kitching [1906] (BM). Texas: J. Reverchon 653 (P).

BAHAMAS. A.E. Wright 130 (K, NY); D.S. Correll 48293 (NY).

CUBA. C. Wright 1647 (K, MO). Cienfuegos: Soledad, A. Gonzáles 441 (BM). Pínar del Río: E.L. Ekman 18028 (MO, S). Santiago de Cuba: Bayate, E.L. Ekman 6652 (BM, K, S). Villa Clara: A. Luna 805 (NY).

JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 27695 (BM), 18429 (BM); W. Stearn 36 (BM); W. Harris 9155 (K, NY); E.T. Robertson 754 (K); T.G. Yuncker 17768 (NY).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H2003 (K, NY, S); E.C. Leonard 7732 (NY).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. R. Schomburgk 101 (BM). E.L. Ekman H5787 (S); A.H. Liogier 24383 (NY); T.A. Zanoni et al. 18180 (NY).

PUERTO RICO. P. Sintenis 2912 (K); 3216 (BM, S); F. & A. Axelrod 1769 (NY), 8649 (K).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St Croix: F.R. Fosberg 59167 (BM, US). U.K. Virgin Islands: Tortola: D’Arcy 315 (BM). Antigua: H.E. Box 1139 (BM). Montserrat: R.A. & E.S. Howard 19642 (BM); G.R. Proctor 19010 (BM). Guadeloupe: A. Duss 2475 (NY). Dominica: C.A. Shillingford 361 (MO). Martinique: A. Duss 1231 (NY). St Lucia: fide Powell (1979). St Vincent: H.H. & G.W. Smith 1168 (K, NY). Grenada: W. Hawthorne & D. Jules 947 (FHO). Barbados: E.G.B. Gooding 186 (BM).

TRINIDAD. D. Vesey-Fitzgerald 4515 (BM); A. Fendler 588 (BM); N.W. Simmonds 196 (K).

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Curaçao: M. Arnold-Broeders 3651 (BM, NY), A.S. J. van Proosdij et al. 574 (K, U).

Notes.

The blue flowers, 3-lobed leaves and long, pilose sepals which taper from near the base make this an easily identified species except in North America, where it has commonly been misnamed I. hederacea Jacq. , which is distinguished by its smaller corolla and the recurved tips of the sepals - these reported as fleshy but this is not apparent on herbarium specimens.

R. Ferreyra 14138 is a rather remarkable specimen of what appears to be an erect plant. It is one of a number of somewhat aberrant plants from the coastal Lomas of Peru.

Figures

Figure 5. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A Ipomoea descolei B I. paraguariensis C I. australis D I. purpurea (left), I. nil (right) E I. incarnata F I. pintoi G I. maurandioides H I. pubescens. Photographs of A by Hector Keller; B and G by T. Carruthers; C (Wood et al. 27708); E (Wood 27756) and H (Wood 27675) by Beth Williams; D by John Pink; F (Queiroz 15956) by Hibert Huaylla.