Ipomoea paludicola

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

346. Ipomoea paludicola J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, Kew Bull. 70 (31): 24. 2015. (Wood et al. 2015: 24)

Ipomoea serpens Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 275. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 275), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea serpens L. (1759). Type. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, J.B. Pohl 3173 (lectotype W0052417, designated by Wood et al. 2015: 24, isolectotype W).

Type.

Based on Ipomoea serpens Meisn.

Description.

Erect, twining or trailing herb, glabrous in all vegetative parts; rootstock stout and somewhat tuberous; stems slightly succulent, often rooting at nodes. Leaves petiolate, sagittate, often strongly so, the auricles linear to lanceolate, acuminate or less commonly, rounded, 2-4 × 0.2-6 cm, the blade (excluding auricles) 2.5-7.5 × (0.1-) 1.7-1.9 cm, lanceolate, narrowly to broadly oblong or oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse and mucronulate, green on both surfaces but somewhat darker adaxially; petioles 2-5 cm. Inflorescence of shortly pedunculate, axillary cymes, often reduced to a single flower; peduncles 0.5 -3.5 cm; bracteoles 1-1.5 × 0.2 mm, deltoid, caducous; pedicels 8-15 mm; sepals very unequal, outer sepals 4-7 × 3-3.5 mm, oblong, obtuse to rounded, mucronate, the mucro deciduous, dark green, often transversely muricate, margin scarious, inner sepals much larger, 8-14 × 5 mm, broadly oblong-obovate, rounded or retuse and mucronulate, the mucro deciduous, conspicuously pallid and subscarious; corolla 7-8.5 cm long, pink, glabrous, funnel-shaped, limb 4-5 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules 8 × 8 mm, ovoid, glabrous; seeds 4.5 × 3 mm, blackish, minutely puberulent.

Illustration.

Figures 141F , 165 .

Distribution.

Common in Bolivia on seasonally flooded lowland plains in parts of the Beni, the Río Paraguá basin around the Noel Kempff Park and in Brazil in the Pantanal. It is also extends along the Río Paraguay into Paraguay and occurs in Minas Gerais and Bahia states in Brazil as well as in Venezuela and north to Costa Rica. It may be more widespread that the following records suggest.

PARAGUAY. Cordillera: 47 km W de Caacupé, F. de la Puente 3599 (CIP-Lima). Paraguarí: 1901/2, E. Hassler 7680 (BM). San Pedro: Distr. Lima, Estancia Carumbe, T.M. Pedersen 9460 (MBM); Rosario, E. Zardini & L. Guerrero (ARIZ, MO).

BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaos, E. Ule 8955 (K). Bahia: 3 km de Campo Alegre de Lourdes, Nunes et al. 420 (ARIZ, HUEFS). Mato Grosso: Mun. Cáceres, Pantanal, 1976, Dobreimer & Tokarnia 1255 (R). Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, A. Pott et al. 2436 (MBM); A. & V.J. Pott 7678 (CPAP); ibid., V. J. Pott et al. 1353 (CPAP); Mun. Poconé, A. Pott et al. 4808 (MBM); A. Pott 5036 (CPAP, MBM); V.J. Pott et al. 1716 (CPAP). Minas Gerais: Rio Das Velas, J.B. Pohl 2173 (W); 2 km de Januaria, Merdes Maghalães 6087 (RB); Itacarambi, O.S. Ribas & J.M. Silva 7772 (MBM);

GUYANA. Rapununi River, Dadanawa, M.L. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 5612 (ARIZ, MO, P).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Cercado, Ibiato, M.T. Martinez et al. 81 (K, LPB, USZ); Yacuma, Santa Ana de Yacuma, M. Atahuachi et al. 985 (BOLV, LPB). Santa Cruz: Velasco, El Toledo, J.R.I. Wood & H. Huaylla 20763 (HSB, K, LPB, USZ); Pampas de San Ramón, S.R.P. Halloy et al. 4307 (NY).

VENEZUELA. Apure: Est. Biológica "El Frio", S. Castroviejo & Ginés López 142 (MA); Muños, 63 km W of Mantecal, G. Aymard et al. 5051 (MO); Mantecal, B. Stergios 2380 (MO). Bolívar: El Palmar, Hac. Costa Rica, C. Sastre et al. 8558 (P).

COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, L. D. Gómez 18943 (COL, MO); ibid.; Cantón de la Cruz, de Bahia Salinas a Santa Cecilia, E. López & M. Segura 92 (MO, K).

MEXICO. Tabasco: Huimanguillo, E. Lott et al. 1352 (IEB, MEXU, MO).

Note.

This species has usually been included within Ipomoea asarifolia and is clearly closely related but is easily distinguished by the sagittate rather than suborbicular, reniform leaves. Molecular data ( Muñoz-Rodríguez et al. 2019) suggests that Ipomoea paludicola is sister to Ipomoea procurrens , being more closely related to that species than to I. asarifolia .

Various forms of I. paludicola can be encountered. Where it is growing among bushes it occurs as a climbing plant. On open flood plain it is usually trailing and rooting at the nodes, but erect flowering specimens occur during the dry season.

Figures

Figure 141. Photographs of Ipomoea species A I. plummerae, form with entire leaves B I. plummerae, form with lobed leaves C I. longeramosa D I. costellata E I. amnicola F I. paludicola G I. chondrosepala. A, B Mario Giorgetti C Rosemary Clegg D Firefly Forest E-G Maira Martinez.

Figure 165. Ipomoea paludicola. A habit B outer sepal C inner sepal D corolla opened out to show stamens E detail of anther and filament base F ovary and style G shoot with fruiting inflorescence H seed. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A-F from Wood & Huaylla 20763; G, H from Guillen & Chore 1446.