Ipomoea procumbens Mart. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

366. Ipomoea procumbens Mart. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 351. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 351)

Ipomoea procumbens var. adenophylla Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 351. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 351). Type. BRAZIL. F.C. Raben 277 (lectotype BR0000006972707, designated here).

Ipomoea kunthiana Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 253. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 253). Type. BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul, F. Sello 1523 (holotype B†, photo F).

Ipomoea procumbens var. longepedunculata Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2 5: 692. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 692). Type. PARAGUAY. Paraguarí, E. Hassler 5867 (lectotype G00175034, designated here; isolectotypes G, GH, K, MO, MPU, P, S, UC).

Ipomoea procumbens var. elliptica Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2 5: 692. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 692). Type. PARAGUAY. Canendiyú, Ipe hú [ Ypé Jhu], Sierra de Maracayú), E. Hassler 5074 (lectotype G00175032, designated here; isolectotypes BM, G, P).

Type.

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Martius 964 (holotype M-0184989).

Description.

Prostrate or decumbent (rarely twining) herb from a woody xylopodium, glabrous or nearly so in all parts, stems somewhat woody. Leaves shortly petiolate, 4-11 × 0.2-1.5 cm, narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, acute, base attenuate, cuneate, broadly cuneate or rounded; petioles 5-10 (-25) mm, straight and relatively stout. Inflorescence of solitary or (rarely) paired, pedunculate, axillary flowers; peduncles 0.3-3.5 cm, very variable in length, often short; bracteoles 2-3 mm, ovate, caducous; pedicels 7-16 mm, thickened upwards; sepals unequal, scarious-margined, somewhat accrescent in fruit, outer 6-11 × 4-5 mm, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute to obtuse and mucronate, inner 12-15 × 5-6 mm, oblong-elliptic, acute to obtuse; corolla 5.5-9 cm long, funnel-shaped, gradually widened from a narrow base, pink, glabrous, limb unlobed, c.3.5 cm diam. Capsules 13-15 × 7 mm, ovoid, shortly apiculate, glabrous; seeds 8 × 4 mm, minutely tomentellous.

Illustration.

O’Donell (1959b: 171) as Ipomoea kunthiana .

Distribution.

Locally common in cerrados and pampas, possibly stimulated by burning. NE Argentina, eastern Paraguay, Noel Kempff Park in Bolivia and central and southern Brazil.

ARGENTINA. Corrientes: J. Paula-Souza 7120 (ESA); Ituzaingó, C. Cristóbal & A. Krapovickas 1793 (CTES). Misiones: E.L. Ekman 1419 (GH, S); San Ignacio, G.J. Schwarz 5097 (GH. LIL, RB).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: J.E. Montes 9879 (LIL). Caaguazú: B. Balansa 1048a (P); E. Hassler 9320 (BM, K); S. of Río Yhú, Fernández Casas & J. Molero 6441 (MO). Canindeyú: 25 km W of Curuguaty, J.R.I. Wood & G. González 28464 (FCQ). Cordillera: Tobatí, E. Hassler 7014 (BM, GH). Guairá: Villarica, E. Hassler 8713 (P). Itapuá: Encarnación, L. Jiménez 37 (SCP). Misiones: San Juan Bautista, E. Lurvey 387 (PY). Paraguarí: type of Ipomoea procumbens var. longepedunculata .

BRAZIL. Bahia: P. T. Sano et al. 14818 (IBUSP, K); Rio de Contas, N. Roque et al. 14893 (RB); Serra do Sincorá, R.M. Harley et al. 20725 (CEPEC, K, NY). Dist. Fed.: Campus do Universidad, A. Gentry 21441 (MO); Reserva IBGE, M.A. da Silva 4797 (IBGE, MO); E. Pereira 4816 (HB, K). Goiás: A.C. Brade 5564 (S); A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 30186 (CTES, MBM); Serra de Caldas Nuevas, E.P. Heringer 13138 (NY); Goiânia, J.R. Pirani et al. 2089 (NY); Serra dos Cristais, H.S. Irwin et al. 13616 (NY); Chapada deVeadeiros, H.S. Irwin et al. 24571 (NY). Mato Grosso do Sul: Amambai, W.G. Garcia 13978 (UEC). Minas Gerais: P. Clausen (K); R. Simão-Bianchini 1209 (CTES, SP); Mun. Perdizes, E.K.O. Hattori et al. 268 (F, MBM); ibid., P.C. Duarte 205 (HUFU); Sierra da Piedade, L.R. Landrum 4289 (NY); Serra de Espinhaço, H.S. Irwin et al. 23694 (MO, NY); Itacambira, M.L. Kawasaki et al. SPF36193 (K). Paraná: Fortaleza, G. Hatschbach 23225 (F, K, MBM, MO, NY); Jaguariaíva, G. Hatschbach 14003 (MBM, P); ibid., P. Dusen 16443 (MO). Rio Grande do Sul: A. Bornmüller 337 (GH); Malme 1005 (S); P.P.A. Ferreira et al. 640 (S); E. Barbosa 2532 (RB); Cacharia do Sul, Palacios-Cuezzo 11212 (LIL); C. Gaudichaud 3099 (P). Rondônia: Vilhena, M.G. Silva & A. Pinheiro 4165 (K, NY). São Paulo: Mun. São Roque, S. Tsugara & Y. Otsuka B-2234 (MO); Faz. Bocaina, A.F.M. Glaziou 8189 (P); San José dos Campos, I. Mimura 307 (K, NY); A. Usteri 133 (K).

BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: PN Noel Kempff Mercado, Las Gamas, Guardia et al. 196 (USZ).

Notes.

Distinguished by the linear or oblong leaves which are usually cuneate at the base, rarely subtruncate but never cordate or sagittate.

We agree with O’Donell (1959b: 172) that Ipomoea kunthiana and I. procumbens cannot be separated. This can be confirmed by reference to the type specimens shown in Jstor (www.jstor.org). In general plants called I. kunthiana come from the southern part of the species range and have oblong-elliptic rather than oblong leaves but many intermediates are found.

Ipomoea procumbens forms a complex of species with I. rupestris and I. granulosa , none of which is satisfactorily resolved using ITS and all of which are highly variable.