Naupactus dissimilis Hustache, 1947

Lanteri, Analia A. & del Río, María G., 2017, Naupactus xanthographus (Germar) species group (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Naupactini): a comprehensive taxonomic treatment, Journal of Natural History 51 (27 - 28), pp. 1557-1587 : 1570-1573

Naupactus dissimilis Hustache

( Figures 1 (d, e), 3f, 4(c, d), 5b)

Naupactus dissimilis Hustache 1947, p. 69 . Type material: male labelled as typus, Argentina, Río Paraná , Misiones, at MNHN, Hustache collection, herein designated as lectotype . Body length: 10 mm.

Naupactus dissimilis Hustache 1947, p. 40 (in key); Wibmer and O ’ Brien 1986, p. 59 (checklist).

Redescription. Female ( Figure 1d, e )

Body length 11 – 14 mm. Vestiture brown or grey-brown with pattern of yellow or yellow/ white stripes; pronotum with two pairs of longitudinal white stripes, one on disc and another on margins; elytra usually with white stripe along suture (typical form), and yellow/whitish stripes on anterior third of 5° interval, middle half of 3° interval (typical form), and 7 – 8° intervals, the latter obliquely ascending towards 5° interval on posterior third. Rostrum 1.05 – 1.20× as long as wide at apex; lateral carinae moderate, squamose, subparallel. Eyes round, convex. Scape reaching anterior margin of pronotum; funicular article 2, about twice as long as article 1. Pronotum subcylindrical, 1.05 – 1.15× as wide as long; sides curved, not divergent towards base; disc flat, smooth. Elytra oval, 1.65 – 1.75× as long as wide; sides moderately curved and not abruptly narrowed towards apex; apical tubercles small to indistinct; intervals about 4× as wide as punctures of striae. Front femora elongate, 3.10 – 3.35× as long as wide, slightly wider than hind femora (WF1/WF3 1 – 1.25×). Front tibiae with mucro and 8 – 10 small denticles on inner margin; middle tibiae with smaller mucro and minute denticles; hind tibiae lacking mucro and denticles; corbel of hind tibiae broad, squamose. Ventrite 5 slightly shorter than ventrite 2.

Female genitalia

Ovipositor slightly shorter than abdomen, lacking rows of long setae on posterior third, on external side of baculi. Spermatheca ( Figure 3f ) subcylindrical, small (0.54 mm); nodulus almost indistinct and ramus (prominence at gland entrance) incipient; spermathecal duct about 4× as long as spermatheca.

Male

Body length 9 – 13 mm. Smaller and more slender than females. Pronotum about as wide as long. Elytra about twice as long as wide. Ventrite 5 about 1.70× as long as ventrite 2, apex slightly inwardly bent.

Male genitalia ( Figure 4c, d )

Body of penis slightly longer than penis apodemes; apex arrow-shaped, rounded and more protruding beyond lateral points than in N. xanthographus ; ostium about twice as long as wide; endophallus with distinct spiny area but lacking internal pieces.

Other material examined

ARGENTINA. Misiones: Aristóbulo del Valle, 1 December 1957, Birabén (1f MLP); NW Apóstoles, Rt 10, 27° 52 ʹ 27 ʹʹ S, 55° 39 ʹ 30 ʹʹ W, 3 March 2010, 146 m, G del Río (1f MLP); Campo Grande, 30 November1957, Birabén (1f MLP); El Dorado, 3 March 1987, HE Erb (1f MLP); idem, October 1959, Jenjes (1f MLP); idem, January 1958 (1f BMNH); Iguazú, November 1944, M Birabén (1f MLP); Loreto, April 1931, J Bosq (2f MLP); September 1955, J Bosq (1f MLP); idem, Ogloblin (1f MLP); idem, January 1956 (1f BMNH); Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero, 26° 31 ʹ 11 ʹʹ S, 53° 59 ʹ 11 ʹʹ W, 621 m, 6 March 2010, G del Río (2f MLP-IBOL); Parque Provincial Moconá, 27° 09 ʹ 11 ʹʹ S, 53° 54 ʹ 04 ʹʹ W, 342 m, 5 March 2010, G del Río (3f MLP-IBOL); idem, 27° 07 ʹ 37.4 ʺ S, 53° 56 ʹ 55.5 ʺ W, 1April 2012, 365 m, P Dellapé & S Montemayor (1f MLP-IBOL); Oberá, 30 December 1957, Birabén (1f MLP); Pindapoy, March 1936, s/pomelo (2f MLP); idem, 14 February 2001, s/ Coniza albida (2f MLP); Puerto Piray, Alto Paraná, 31 March 1986, HE Herb (1f MLP); idem, PA Berry, s/yerba mate (13f USNM); Puerto Victoria, October 1938 (1f MLP); San Antonio, 4 – 5 December 1957, Birabén (1f MLP); San Ignacio, December 1956, 240m, JE Montes (1f MLP); San Pedro, November 1958, 550m, Montes (1f MLPC); Santa María, May 1960, October 1961, M Viana (2f MLP); Teju Cuaré, ER Wagner, 1911 (2f MNHN); Urugua-í, 25° 51 ʹ 15 ʹʹ S, 54° 10 ʹ 24 ʹʹ W, 29 September 2010, 159m, G del Rio (1f MLP-IBOL); 2 de Mayo, January 1986, O Mitre (4f BMNH); 25 de Mayo, 1 December 1957, Birabén (1f MLP); no loc. (2f MLP). Santiago del Estero: Río Salado (1f paralectotype MNHN). BRAZIL. Paraná: Arapongas , December 1951, A Maller (1f MNRJ); Cascavel, 9 March 1999, P Silvie (1f MZSP); Curitiba, 1911, P Lombard (1f MNHN); Parque Nacional Iguazú, November 1992 (1f CEIOC); Rolândia, November 1949, Dirings (4f MZSP). Rio Grande do Sul: Butiá, 27 May 1982, Gastal (3f 1m USNM); idem, 1 April 1982, Buckup (3f USNM); idem, 28 May 1982, Rosenau (3f USNM); General Câmara, 25 March 1982, V Pitoni & L Ayres (2f 3m USNM); idem, 30 September 1982, Hennig (3f USNM); idem, 3 April 1982 (1f USNM); Porto Alegre, 1939, PA Berry (1f 1m USNM); Minas do Leão, January 2006, I Oliveira (1f MLP); Santo Augusto, December 1968, O Roppa (13f 2m CWOB); São Jerônimo, 29 April 1982, Becker (1f 1m USNM); idem, 30 September 1982, Becker (2f 2m USNM); idem, 8 July 1982, Becker (1f 1m USNM); Vaccaria, March 2001, M Botton, on Zea mays (7f MZSP); no loc. 3 February 1983 (6f MLP). Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, March 1999, P Silvie (1f MZSP); Timbó, March 1957 (1f MZSP). PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: Ciudad del Este, 8 October 1968, at night, CW & L O ’ Brien (12f CWOB). Caaguazú: Caaguazú, 1 December 1950, LE Peña (2f CWOB). Itapúa: Hohenau (15f paralectotypes MNHN). URUGUAY. Artigas: Río Cuareim, Picada del Negro Muerto, Sepulturas, 16 December 1957, CS Carbonell (1f CWOB).

Geographic distribution ( Figure 5b, d )

Naupactus dissimilis occurs mainly in the southern Paraná forest . It is the most common species of the N. xanthographus group in north-eastern Argentina ( Misiones province ) and also occurs in Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazú and Itapúa) and Uruguay (Artigas). Uruguay is a new country record.

Host plants

Conyzia sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (syn. C. albida ) ( Asteraceae ), annual herb native to South America, and Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hill. (Aquifoliaceae) , arboreal species distributed along the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay rivers, commercialized for infusion (‘ yerba mate ’) in Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It causes minor damage on Ilex paraguariensis plantations, Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Rutaceae) and Zea mays L. ( Poaceae ) ( Lanteri et al. 2002a).

Remark

Naupactus dissimilis was described based on a series of specimens (= syntypes) from Argentina (Misiones and Santiago del Estero provinces) and Paraguay (Alto Paraná) ( Hustache 1947, p. 69) . The male from Misiones labelled as typus was herein designated as lectotype, and the remaining specimens of the type series deposited in Hustache ’ s collection (one female from Río Salado , Santiago del Estero, and 15 females from Paraguay, Alto Paraná , Hohenau) are herein considered paralectotypes .

Naupactus dissimilis shows a distinct geographic variation, the typical form ( Figure 1d ) occurs in north-eastern Argentina (type from Misiones province), Paraguay, Santa Catarina and Paraná states in Brazil. The specimens from Rio Grande do Sul (Butiá, General Câmara and Porto Alegre) and Uruguay (Artigas) ( Figure 1e ) are slightly narrower, with smaller elytral tubercles and different colour pattern on the elytra. The vestiture is greyish instead of light brown, with vanished white stripe along suture and indistinct macula on middle half of 3° interval. Males are unknown for the typical populations, of which females are infected with Wolbachia , a bacterium involved in the origin of parthenogenetic reproduction in Naupactini ( Rodriguero et al. 2010) .

Naupactus dissimilis distinguishes from N. xanthographus because the lateral carinae of the rostrum are less prominent, subparallel and squamose; the elytra are narrower and bear small to indistinct tubercles; the middle and hind tibiae of males do not bear denticles; the spermatheca is not strongly sclerotized in its proximal half and is slightly prominent near the gland entrance (= ramus incipient); the penis apodemes are slightly longer relative to the body of penis; the ostium is longer and the apex is more pronounce beyond lateral points than in N. xanthographus .

Figures

Figure 1. Habitus, dorsal views. (a) Naupactus xanthographus, female; (b) N. xanthographus, male; (c) N. xanthographus, variety, female; (d) N. dissimilis, female; (e) N. dissimilis, variety, female; (f) N. navicularis, female; (g) N. mimicus, female; (h) N. mimicus, male; (i) N. mimicus, variety, female.

Figure 3. Female genitalia. Sternite VIII. (a) Naupactus xanthographus; (b) N. marvaldiae. Ovipositor. (c) N. xanthographus; (d) N. marvaldiae. Spermathecae. (e) N. xanthographus; (f) N. dissimilis; (g) N. navicularis; (h) N. mimicus; (i) N. dissimulator; (j) N. marvaldiae.

Figure 4. Male genitalia. Aedeagi, ventral and lateral views. (a, b) N. xanthographus; (c, d) N. dissimilis; (e, f) N. navicularis; (g, h), N. mimicus; (i, j) N. dissimulator; (k, l) N. marvaldiae.

Figure 5. Maps of middle South America. (a–c) Geographic distributions of the six species of the Naupactus xanthographus species group. (a) N. xanthographus (red circles) and N. mimicus (green triangles); (b) N. dissimilis (green stars) and N. navicularis (red squares); (c) N. dissimulator (yellow circles) and N. marvaldiae (red triangles). Symbols on the maps indicate the localities mentioned under material studied for each species. (d), Biogeographic provinces sensu Morrone (2014), inhabited by the six species of the N. xanthographus species group. Abbreviations: Ar, Araucaria Forest; At, Atlantic Forest; Ce, Cerrado; Ch, Chaco; Mo, Monte; Pa, Pampa; Pr, Paraná Forest; Yu, Yungas.